Leonid Abramovich Anulov

Portrait of Anulov from his grave slab

Leonid Abramovich Anulow ( Russian Леонид Абрамович Анулов * 28. July 1897 in Hînceşti , Ujesd Chisinau , Bessarabia Governorate , Russian Empire ; † 5. September 1974 in Moscow ) was a Soviet spy and organizer of the illegal network of agents (so-called Red Orchestra ) in the Switzerland . He participated in World War I , in the civil wars in Russia and Spain , and in 1929 in the Soviet-Chinese border war part.

biography

Anulow was born in the Bessarabian town of Hînceşti (today in the Republic of Moldova ) with the family name Moskowitsch. In May 1916 he became a soldier in the Tsarist army . In 1916/17 he took part in the First World War.

In 1918 he joined the Red Army and took part in the fighting of the Russian Civil War. In 1919 he joined the KPR (B) and the Communist Party of Ukraine and took part in three courses for commanders of the artillery in Odessa . In July of the same year he was sent abroad by the management of the Defense Department of the Red Army and was involved in the organization of an underground Bolshevik movement in Bessarabia.

After his return in October 1922 he was an assistant to the representative of the GPU until October 1923 . In 1923 he took part in the preparation of the " German October ". In 1924 he attended courses to perfect the intelligence at Main Department 4 of the Red Army staff and from April to August 1925 he was available for the intelligence service. From August 1925 to March 1926 he served as sector manager and assistant to the chairman of the 2nd department, from October 1927 to June 1929 he was his successor.

In 1929 he was sent to China as an illegal resident and fought in the Soviet-Chinese border war in Manchuria , in 1930 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner . In 1932 he returned to Moscow. From March 1933 to February 1935 he attended the commanding faculty of the Military Academy for Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army "JW Stalin" and then courses in foreign languages.

In January 1936 he received the rank of major and was sent as an illegal resident to Spain , from there to France and Switzerland . From France he organized the agent network of the Soviet military intelligence service in Switzerland ( "Red Troika" ). It was one of the GRU's three agency networks to educate and monitor developments in National Socialist Germany. The other two networks were installed in Warsaw and Brussels. The network of Anulow in Switzerland, which was referred to in later documents as the "Red Chapel" (Anulow was known there as "Kolja"), was initially based on the work of the Swiss journalist Otto Pünter ("Pakbo"), then Sándor Radó ( "Dora"). The other two GRU residents in Switzerland were Ursula Hamburger (Sonja) from late 1938 and Rachel Dübendorfer ("Sissi"). As a radio operator for the Swiss network, Anulow recruited the British Spanish fighters Alexander Foote and Leonard Beurton .

In April 1938 Anulov was recalled to Moscow, where he received the Order of Lenin ; in June he was dismissed from service and arrested. Sándor Radó took over the management of the Swiss agent network. Anulow was sentenced to 15 years of work education under Section 43b. In 1953 he was released from the camp and lived in exile until 1955. After his rehabilitation he lived in Moscow. After his death he was cremated and the urn was buried in the Columbarium of the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Awards

He received the Order of the Red Banner in 1930 and the Order of Lenin in 1938.

People of the "Red Chapel"

→ Main article : People of the "Red Chapel"

literature

• Kolpakidi, A. I: ГРУ в Великой Отечественной войне. (The GRU in the Great Patriotic War) - EKSMO Publishing House, Moscow 2010. ISBN 978-5-699-41251-8
• Sándor Radó : Dora reports ... , military publisher of the GDR: Berlin 1974, 3rd edition 1980.
  • Dóra jelenti - újra, Riport Tromm Andrással, a Könyv szerkesztőjével (Publication of the uncensored manuscript on Dora reports ... ), Budapest 2006.