Lightweight Information Describing Objects

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Lightweight Information Describing Objects ( LIDO ) is an XML schema for exchanging and harvesting metadata of museum and collection objects . Memory institutions use the scheme to access and provide information on works of art, measuring instruments, photographs, architecture (elements), vessels and more.

application

Descriptions of museum or collection objects (or objects of material culture in general ) in digital form are i. d. R. from several aspects together, at least from the textual development sinformation and one or more digital images as a photo or 3D scan . This information is accessed via metadata which, in addition to the object description (such as title or date of manufacture), also contains information about the digital objects themselves (for example who created them and when). LIDO provides a structure for this information and serves memory institutions as a common basis for the provision and exchange of data. LIDO is used, for example, in the German Digital Library , Europeana and in the Yale Center for British Art at Yale University .

history

Different memory institutions often open up data on their objects in in-house or less widely used data formats. This heterogeneity at the data level makes it difficult for aggregating web portals such as Europeana , which combine information from different sources, to process the supplied metadata , as a crosswalk into their own metadata schema is necessary for each foreign format .

In order to avoid the resulting effort bw. To reduce the risk, efforts were made at international level to create a common XML schema for the exchange of data on museum objects from different disciplines (e.g. art history, ethnography, medical history ...), which at the same time meets the requirements of the existing CDWA Lite , SPEKTRUM XML schema and museumdat. It should also be compatible with CIDOC CRM .

LIDO is the result of these efforts. It was developed by various actors from the museum sector and is used internationally. The preparatory work on LIDO began in 2008, and in 2010 its version 1.0 was presented at the ICOM / CIDOC conference in Shanghai . LIDO is continuously developed in a working group with representatives from the German museum scene who, in addition to general scheme extensions, also present discipline or genre-specific manuals such as the " LIDO manual for the acquisition and publication of metadata on cultural objects. Volume 1: Graphics ". Central elements of the further development are the orientation of the format to events that are linked to the object history (" events ") as well as the possibility of integrating unique identifiers such as GND , TGN , AAT , LCSH etc. for information areas.

The information about LIDO is provided by the CIDOC LIDO Working Group of the International Committee on Documentation (CIDOC).

Basics

LIDO is an XML schema and as such is strictly hierarchical. Data on an object are summarized in groups, so-called sets , which are enclosed by a wrapper element, e.g. B. 

1 <lido:titleWrap>
2     <lido:titleSet>
3         <lido:appellationValue>Enten am Waldrand</lido:appellationValue>
4     </lido:titleSet>
5 </lido:titleWrap>

Overall, LIDO is divided into a descriptive part about the object described and an administrative part about the institutional framework of the data set.

The descriptive data fields include u. a .:

  • Information on object classification (type of object, genre, shape, gender ...)
  • Information on object identification (title / object name, inscriptions, dimensions, description of the object ...)
  • Events from the history of the property (creation, manufacture, restoration , purchase, loss, people and objects involved, associated locations ...)
  • Connections of the object to other entities such as people or objects (concepts, people involved, places ...)

Administrative information is handled e.g. B .:

  • Information on rights associated with the object
  • Information about the data record itself ( ID , type and origin of the data record ...)
  • Information about the digital resource (link to the data set, linked pages ...)

LIDO also differentiates between information that is to be displayed to users on a website (" display elements ") and information that forms the basis for search and retrieval (" index elements ").

Central to the modeling of the object history is the concept of associated with the object events ( " events "), the CIDOC CRM comes. This allows new knowledge about objects or people to be gained:

"This event-centric approach [of CIDOC CRM] makes it possible to map the properties of an object with references to the actors involved, to location, and time more precisely. Thus, it supports the (automatic) uncovering of correlations between originally scattered information and it contributes to the contextualization of objects. "

LIDO also offers the option of linking information with authority records . This significantly supports subsequent publication as linked data and thus participation in the Semantic Web .

LIDO terminology

LIDO terminology is a supplement to the LIDO v1.0 specification . It is mainly used to define controlled type vocabularies for individual LIDO elements and attributes and to make them referenced via a URI . LIDO terminology is therefore committed to the Linked Open Data paradigm and offers improved interoperability of LIDO data.

Relationship between LIDO and CIDOC CRM

In CIDOC CRM is an object oriented and extensible ontology , the concepts and relationships defined, for the description of cultural heritage be used. As an ontology, CIDOC CRM is based on formal logic and is graph-based .

LIDO is a specific, XML- based application from CIDOC CRM , which was developed for the harvesting of metadata. Unlike CRM , LIDO is a scheme that is strictly hierarchical due to its format. LIDO adopts many aspects of the predecessor scheme CDWA Lite , but is strongly based on CIDOC CRM classes such as E5 Event, E39 Actor, E55 Type .

Tools

Several tools are available for (further) processing LIDO :

  • OAICatMuseum, developed by OCLC Research, enables the publication of museum and collection dates in LIDO and CDWA formats using OAI-PMH.
  • LIBIS has developed a LIDO profile for the open source collection management system CollectiveAccess . With its help, museums can catalog objects directly in LIDO. It should be noted here that LIDO is not intended as an indexing format in terms of its layout and that full-fledged indexing formats should be used.

previous version

museumdat is in an XML schema -defined XML - exchange format , with the museums are able, metadata transfer or through collection objects portals exchange among themselves. museumdat was presented in autumn 2007 at the conference of the documentation specialist group in the German Museum Association . It is optimized for the research and publication of museum object information and for this reason has both index and display elements. Of the 23 defined elements, only three are mandatory to simplify use.

The format was developed by a working group in the Documentation section of the German Museum Association , the Institute for Museum Research and the Zuse Institute Berlin . The German Documentation Center for Art History - Bildarchiv Foto Marburg is participating in the further development .

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ LIDO v1.0. Retrieved September 30, 2019 .
  2. ↑ DDB – Questions and Answers: Which metadata format must the supplying institutions provide? Retrieved September 30, 2019 .
  3. ^ Gordon McKenna, Stefan Rohde-Enslin, Regine Stein: Lightweight Information Describing Objects (LIDO): The International Harvesting Standard for Museums . S. 5 ( lido-schema.org [PDF]).
  4. ↑ MUSEUM HUB Services for museum going digital and aggregating for Europeana: Share your data. Retrieved October 7, 2019 .
  5. ↑ LIDO's background. Retrieved September 30, 2019 .
  6. ↑ LIDO manual for the collection and publication of metadata on cultural objects. Volume 1: Graphics. Retrieved September 30, 2019 .
  7. ↑ CIDOC: LIDO. Retrieved October 7, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Regine Stein, Oguzhan Balandi: Using LIDO for Evolving Object Documentation into CIDOC CRM . In: heritage . tape 2 , 2019, p. 1024 .
  9. ↑ CIDOC – LIDO: Tools. Retrieved October 7, 2019 .
  10. ^ Gordon McKenna, Stefan Rohde-Enslin, Regine Stein: Lightweight Information Describing Objects (LIDO): The International Harvesting Standard for Museums . S. 22 ( lido-schema.org [PDF]).