List of the bishops of Faras
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Location of Faras in Sudan |
The following people were bishops and archbishops of Faras (also called Pachoras) in the Nubia region . Today the ruins of Faras are on the bottom of Lake Nubia in the area of Sudan ( Wadi Halfa Salient ).
The list of bishops is on a wall of the church's baptistery . It names 28 names and has largely been preserved. The persons date between 620 and 1175. Their terms of office are largely calculated on the basis of average values, so they do not always have to be historically correct. Numerous bishops are also known from their burials with inscribed tombstones and from their pictures in the cathedral.
| Surname | Episcopate | Episcopal style | Age at death | Remarks | Contemporary ruler | Eparch | Historical events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aetios | 20-30s of the 7th century | first bishop of Pachoras, perhaps the builder of the first cathedral | unknown | ||||
| Sarapion | |||||||
| ? | Mid 7th century | The ruler of Dongola is Qalidurut | Arab raids on Dongola in 611 and 651. During this time the first Faras cathedral was destroyed. Signing the Baqt with the Arabs. | ||||
| Pilatos | 2nd half of the 7th century | Builder of the great church of Faras, which replaces the destroyed church building. | |||||
| Paulos | End of 7th century and beginning of 8th century | Monophysitic | 709 or 719 | Responsible for the big boom in the construction sector in Pachoras, founder of the converted cathedral, beginning (?) Of the murals designed in purple. Foundation inscription, today in Warsaw. | King Mercurios (697 to 710 at the earliest) | Markos (name of the first known eparch attested in Faras) | Association of Nobatia and Makuria . Adoption of the Monophysite Faith as the Nubian state religion . Establishment of the post of Eparchs (Governor of Nobadia) |
| Mena | 709 or 719 to 730 | Monophysitic | Zacharias I and Silneon | ||||
| Matthew | 730-31. May 766 | Monophysitic | Abraham, Markos and Kyriakos (approx. 740–760) | Pauloskudda (?) (750–768) | Nubia invades Egypt (745). Period of prosperity in Nubia. | ||
| Ignatios | 766-22. January 802 | Age 78 | He was a bishop of non-Nubian origin and came from another diocese. Completion of the painted decorations of the cathedral (purple style), the Nubian school of wall painting develops | Michael and Ioannes I. | |||
| Ioannes I. | 802-809 | King Chael | Kyriakos (approx. 801–813) | Association with Alwa | |||
| Ioannes II | after 809 (?) | ||||||
| Markos | 12 years between 810 and 826 | Zacharias II | |||||
| Chael I. | to 827 | ||||||
| Thomas | 827-16. July 862 | Monophysitic | Age over 75 | Zacharias II. († 856 or 866) | Wars between Bedja and Arabs (831 and 856), message from Prince Georgios of Baghdad (836). | ||
| Iesu I. | 862-866 | Georgios I (until 856 or 866) | |||||
| Cyrus | 866-902 | Monophysite, metropolitan | Renewal and partial reconstruction of Faras Cathedral, wall painting in white style | Georgios I (until 920) | Zacharias (approx. 868–878) | Conflicts with al-Omari, the prospector (868–869). Development of the Nubian state in agriculture, architecture and skills (pottery). A metropolitan seat is established in Faras (next to one in Alt Dongola ). | |
| Andreas | 902-903 | Founder of the rebuilt church at Aksha. | |||||
| Kollutwos | 903-13. August 923 | Monophysite, metropolitan | Age 62 | Further decoration of the cathedral, beginning of the yellow-red style | Georgios I and Zacharias II (-920) | ||
| Stephanos | 923-925 | Monophysitic | † July 14, 926, age 52 | Zacharias II | |||
| Elias | 926-6. August 952 | Monophysite, metropolitan | Destruction of Faras Cathedral by fire (c. 927). Construction of the church on the south slope of Kom (930) | Zacharias II | Iesu (ca.930) | Nubian attacks on Egypt abate (952). | |
| Aaron | 952-12. December 972 | Monophysite, metropolitan | Age 61 | Reconstruction of the cathedral on a larger scale | Georgios II (ca.969) | Nubian attack on Aswan and Edfu (956) and occupation of Upper Egypt, climax of the Nubian state | |
| Petros I. | 974-20. July 999 | Monophysite, metropolitan | Age 93 (buried in the church on the south slope of Kom) | (responsible for the cathedral only until autumn 997), decoration of the cathedral with new wall paintings: red and colorful style. Dispute between Melkites and Monophysites over the diocese of Faras. As a result, the cathedral is taken over by the Melkites. Petros I was depicted on the west wall of the Bishop's Hall in Faras Cathedral. | Georgios II. (Approx. 969 to 979 or 1003) | Peaceful relations with Egypt under the Fatimids . | |
| Ioannes III. | 997-21. September 1005 | Milking table | Age 82 | Introduction of the Dyophysite faith in the cathedral as a consequence of the political peace with Egypt, where al-ʿAzīz acts on behalf of the Melkite Church. | Raphael (1002-1006) | ||
| Marianos | 1005 - November 11, 1036 | Milking table | † in Qasr Ibrim , age 69 | before Archimandrite von Puke, Bishop of Cairo (?) came to Faras; "Spiritual son" of Bishop Ioannes III., Further decoration of the cathedral. Colorful style bloom. Marianos was depicted in the south chapel with Our Lady and Christ. | Stephanos (approx. 1027) | Ioannes (approx. 1007) | continued peaceful relations with the Egyptian Fatimids. Construction activity in Dongola. |
| Mercury | 1037 - July 1, 1056 | Milking table | Age 80 | "Spiritual son" of Bishop Ioannes III. After his term in office, the chronology of the Bishops of Faras is interrupted for 2 years. | unknown | ||
| Petros II | 1058 - May 22, 1062 | Monophysitic | The cathedral is again taken over by the Monophysites. | Solomon (?) | Growing influence of the Monophysite Church in Nubia as a result of the visit of Christodulos, Patriarch of Alexandria (1058), | ||
| Georgos | 1062-1047 | Monophysitic | † August 14, 1097, age 95 | Painting in Faras reaches its peak (colorful style) | Salomon (until 1080), Georgios III. and Basilios (ca.1089) | Old Nubian is probably recognized as an official official and church language (?). | |
| Chael II | 1097 (?) To approx. 1125–1130 | Milking table (?) | † May 5, 11th, age 80 | "Spiritual Son" of Bishop Joseph Timekleos, restoration of the Melkite Rite in Faras (?) | unknown | ||
| Iesu II. | approx. 1125–1130 to 1170–1175 | Milking table (?) | † June 4, 11th, age 88 | Last name on the list of bishops | Georgios IV. (1130–1158) and Moise (approx. 1160) | War with Egypt, Qasr Ibrim occupied by Arabs (1172–1173), Battle of Adindan near Faras (1175), in which the Cathedral of Faras was damaged. | |
| Tamer | late 12th century | Milking table (?) | † March 31, 1193 (?) | ||||
| The cathedral ceases to be a bishopric. After the temporary protection against sand drifts, it was probably used as a church until the 15th century. The north monastery was built near the cathedral in the 13th century (?). Gradual decline of Nubia. The last Christian king of Nubia, Kudanbes was dethroned in 1323, his throne room in Old Dongoln was installed in 3 mosques (1317). A Christian king of Dotawo in the 15th century is attested in Nobadia . | |||||||
| Timptheos | Monophysitic | † in Qasr Ibrim | Bishop of Phrim and Pachoras (seat at Qasr Ibrim ), consecrated bishop by the Patriarch of Alexandria in 1372 | ||||
literature
- Stefan Jakobielski: A history of the bishopric of Pachoras on the basis of Coptic inscriptions . PWN-Editions scientifiques de Pologne, Warsaw 1972.
- Kazimierz Michalowski, Alfred Loepfe, Martin Krause: Faras. the cathedral from the desert sand . Benziger Publishing House, 1967.
Individual evidence
- ^ Warsaw, National Museum, Inv. No. 234.292
- ^ Warsaw National Museum Inv. No. 234,031; See picture: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Warsaw National Museum, Inv.234.036; See picture: Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- www.thenubian.net (English)