List of rulers in the 22nd century BC Chr.
Overview
24th century BC Chr. | 23rd century BC Chr. | List of rulers in the 22nd century BC Chr. | 21st century BC Chr. | 20th century BC Chr.
More events
This is a synchronous representation of the reigns of pre-ancient rulers in the 22nd century BC , visualized in the form of equally scaled timelines.
The dates follow medium chronology and are neither certain nor final nor complete. Please note general information!
Remarks
Pharaohs of the 5th and 6th dynasties as well as the duration of the interim period differ from the imprecise dynasty information given by Nissen, whose time table focuses more on the ancient Orient. Nissen states: 5th Dynasty (2504-2347), 6th Dynasty (2347-2216), 1st Intermediate Period (2216-2120), Middle Kingdom (2120-1794). Amenemhet I (1946–1947) is the first Pharaoh named by Nissen. For the first interim period, which according to Nissen (2012) falls into this century, little is known about the rulers of Egypt, unlike in the second interim period in the 18th and 17th centuries BC. Chr.
The collapse of Akkad is described as a civil war . The last two rulers are far worse recorded, and Šu-Durul ruled only in the northern part of the country. The southern cities (including Lagaš, Uruk, Ur, Babylon or Larsa) were now self-governing. After a few short-term successors to Urningir, Lagaš fell to the kingdom of Ur.
For the period 2200-2100 BC there are further details about rulers that are not listed here for various reasons. This includes mythical ancestral kings but also rulers who cannot be precisely fixed in time. See, for example, the lists of the kings of the Guteans , Sikyon , Elam , Korea , as well as the great emperors of China and the Xia dynasty .
Deputies and viceroys are only listed here if the territory they administer formed an independent state before or afterwards. This also applies to Ensis from Uruk , for example . There is only weak evidence for Elam , which indicates dependence on Akkad.
General
In the timeline, a gap of one year symbolizes that the transition between two rulers will be assumed around this time. If the transition period can be determined more precisely, this is indicated by a thinner line. Larger gaps between two names do not necessarily mean that there was no ruler; but indicate an uncertainty. If no colored bars are displayed, the relevant rulers cannot be dated more precisely according to the latest research. The representation does not claim to be complete.
Specifically, the dating according to Nissen (2012) is used here for the information on ancient oriental kings and the dating according to Beckerath (1994) for the information on Egyptian kings. There are no reliable data for other parts of the world at this time, not even for China (compare chronological project Xia-Shang-Zhou ).
General note: Due to the problems with ancient oriental and Egyptian chronology, the information in this list has not been finalized. This is based on the Middle Chronology , which is commonly used as a convention among ancient orientalists. Specialist authors usually state which assumptions / chronologies their writings are based on: Depending on the opinion, the dating of great kings and pharaohs can be in the period before the 14th century BC. By several decades from the information used here.
Due to new archaeological findings, the state of research and current doctrine on dating can occasionally change abruptly. If more recent findings are incorporated, the simultaneity of rulers must be checked (this should be guaranteed according to archaeological evidence) and the chronology used and the source / place of discovery must be indicated.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hans Jörg Nissen : History of the Ancient Near East . Oldenbourg Verlag, 2nd edition 2012, Munich. ISBN 3-486-59223-8 .
- ↑ Jürgen von Beckerath : Chronology of the Pharaonic Egypt. The timing of Egyptian history from prehistoric times to 332 BC BC (= Munich Egyptological Studies . Vol. 46). von Zabern, Mainz 1997.