List of satellite galaxies of Andromeda

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The Andromeda Galaxy with M110 below and M32 above at the edge of M31

The Andromeda galaxy M31 has just like our home galaxy, the Milky Way and satellite galaxies. At least 37 galaxies are currently known, including Andromeda, which together form the Andromeda subgroup of the Local Group .
Among them are also galaxies like the elliptical galaxy M32 , which can already be seen with smaller hobby telescopes . The second brightest galaxy right next to it is M 110. NGC 185 was discovered on November 30, 1787 by Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel , the dwarf galaxy NGC 147 by his son John Frederick William Herschel on September 8, 1829.

The 40-foot telescope from 1787 by Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel

The other galaxies are dwarf galaxies, clearly fainter, and were only discovered through photographic and later CCD images.

Current measurement results from 2006 now show that the faint satellite galaxies of Andromeda are in or near a plane through the center of their central galaxy. This unexpected result of the distribution raises a number of questions about the current approaches to the models of galaxy formation . The distribution plane points in the direction of a nearby galaxy group of the M81 group , which could possibly provide an indication of the large-scale distribution of dark matter .

Table of known satellites

The Triangle Nebula (M33) is the second largest galaxy in the Andromeda subgroup
NGC 185, a dwarf elliptical galaxy

The satellites of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) sorted by year of discovery.

Andromeda's satellite galaxies
Surname Type Distance to the sun
(million light years ) 		Apparent brightness Year
of discovery 		Alternative name (s) annotation
Triangle galaxy SA (s) cd 2.8 ± 0.8 6.27 1654 M33, NGC 598, Triangulum Nebula
M32 dE2 2.48 9.2 1749 NGC 221, Andro-Beta
M110 dE6 2.69 9.4 1773 NGC 205, Andro-Alpha
NGC 185 dE5 2.01 11 1787
NGC 147 dE5 2.2 12 1829
Peg dig dIm 3.0 13.2 1950
Andromeda I dSph 2.43 13.2 1970
Andromeda II dSph 2.13 13 1970
Andromeda III dSph 2.44 10.3 1970
Andromeda IV dIm 21 ± 5 16.6 B 1972 Belonging to the Andromeda subgroup unclear
LGS 3 dIm / dSph 2.52 ± 0.07 14.3 1978 Pisces dwarf galaxy
Andromeda V dSph 2.52 15.4 1998
Pegasus ii dSph 2.55 14.5 1998 Andromeda VI, Peg dSph
Cassiopeia dwarf galaxy dSph 2.58 12.9 1998 Andromeda VII
Andromeda VIII dSph 2.7 9.1 2003
Andromeda IX dSph 2.5 16.2 2004
Andromeda X dSph 2.9 16.1 ± 0.5 2005
Andromeda XI dSph 2.6 ± 0.2 17.2 ± 0.5 2006
Andromeda XII dSph 2.8 ± 0.1 16.3 ± 1.0 2006
Andromeda XIII dSph 2.92 ± 0.07 16.8 ± 1.0 2006
Andromeda XIV dSph 2.4 ± 0.5 2007
Andromeda XV dSph 2.3 ± 0.3 2007
Andromeda XVI dSph 1.72 ± 0.16 2007
Andromeda XVII dSph 2.58 ± 0.13 16.0 2008
Andromeda XVIII dSph 4.42 ± 0.29 16.0 2008
Andromeda XIX dSph 3.04 ± 0.20 15.6 ± 0.6 2008
Andromeda XX dSph 2.6 ± 0.7 18.2 ± 0.8 2008
Andromeda XXI dSph 2.80 ± 0.17 14.0 ± 0.6 2009
Andromeda XXII dSph 3.0 ± 0.4 18.0 ± 0.8 2009
Andromeda XXIII dSph 2.50 ± 0.14 14.2 ± 0.5 2011
Andromeda XXIV dSph 1.96 ± 0.11 16.3 ± 0.5 2011
Andromeda XXV dSph 2.65 ± 0.15 14.9 ± 0.5 2011
Andromeda XXVI dSph 2.48 ± 0.14 17.3 ± 0.5 2011
Andromeda XXVII dSph 2.47 ± 0.15 16.7 ± 0.5 2011
Andromeda XXVIII dSph 2.12 ± 0.38 15.6 ± 0.7 2011
Andromeda XXIX dSph 2.38 ± 0.24 16.3 ± 0.4 2011
Andromeda XXX dSph 2.22 ± 0.10 2012
Andromeda XXXI dSph 2.52 +0.20 −0.18 12.7 ± 0.7 2013 Lacerta I
Andromeda XXXII dSph 2.46 +0.14 -0.09 12.2 ± 0.7 2013 Cassiopeia III
Andromeda XXXIII dSph 2.56 ± 0.21 14.2 ± 0.2 2013 Perseus I

Tidal star currents

Andromeda's other satellite
Surname Type Distance to the sun
(million light years ) 		Apparent brightness Year
of discovery 		Alternative name (s) annotation
Tidal Stream Northwest 2009 Tidal Stream E and F
Tidal Stream Southwest 2009

Interaction with Andromeda

Andromeda Galaxy (M31) in the infrared with the hole in the arch on the right.

New images of the Spitzer Space Telescope of NASA shed light on the past, violent evolution of Andromeda. They show that a few million years ago one of the satellite galaxies, the elliptical galaxy M32, broke through one of the spiral arms of Andromeda. Infrared images showed on the one hand that the two spiral arms and the ring protruding from the formation of stars are separate structures, on the other hand this ring has a hole in its center where M32 pierced the disk of the Andromeda Galaxy.

Galaxy types

  • dIm: Irregular dwarf galaxy (dwarf irregular galaxy)
  • dE: dwarf elliptical galaxy
  • dSph: Spheroid dwarf galaxy (dwarf spheroidal galaxy)
  • SA (s) cd: open spiral galaxy without a ring

additional

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c N. F. Martin, et al .: Discovery and analysis of three faint dwarf galaxies and a globular cluster in the outer halo of the Andromeda galaxy , 2006, arxiv : astro-ph / 0607472 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l NASA / IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Discovery of the Local Group Galaxies
  4. ↑ a b Nicolas F. Martin, Alan W. McConnachie, Mike Irwin, Lawrence M. Widrow, Annette MN Ferguson, Rodrigo A. Ibata, John Dubinsky, Arif Babul, Scott Chapman, Mark Fardal, Geraint F. Lewis, Julio Navarro, R. Michael Rich: PAndAS 'cubs: discovery of two new dwarf galaxies in the surroundings of the Andromeda and Triangulum galaxies . In: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics . September 2, 2009. arxiv : 0909.0399 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Jenny C. Richardson, Mike Irwin, Alan W. McConnachie, Nicolas F. Martin, Aaron Dotter, Annette MN Ferguson, Rodrigo A. Ibata, Scott Chapman, Geraint F. Lewis, Nial R Tanvir, R. Michael Rich: PAndAS 'progeny: extending the M31 dwarf galaxy cabal . In: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics . February 14, 2011. arxiv : 1102.2902 .
  6. ↑ a b Nicole Casal Moore: Newly found dwarf galaxies could help reveal the nature of dark matter . In: University of Michigan (Ed.): News Service . November 7, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011. ( reprinted in R&D Magazine )
  7. ↑ Colin T. Slater, Eric F. Bell, Nicolas F. Martin: Andromeda XXVIII: A Dwarf Galaxy More Than 350 kpc from Andromeda . In: Cornell University . October 26, 2011. arxiv : 1110.5903 .
  8. ↑ Eric F. Bell, Colin T. Slater (University of Michigan), Nicolas F. Martin (MPIA Heidelberg): Andromeda XXIX: A New Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy 200kpc from Andromeda . In: Cornell University . October 26, 2011. arxiv : 1110.5906 .
  9. ↑ a b LACERTA I AND CASSIOPEIA III: TWO LUMINOUS AND DISTANT ANDROMEDA SATELLITE DWARF GALAXIES FOUND IN THE 3π PAN-STARRS1 SURVEY
  10. ↑ PERSEUS I: A DISTANT SATELLITE DWARF GALAXY OF ANDROMEDA
  11. ↑ a b New tidal streams found in Andromeda reveal history of galactic mergers