List of satellite galaxies in the Milky Way
This list contains all known satellite galaxies of the Milky Way , as well as the remains of former satellites . All of these galaxies also belong to the local group . Together they form the Milky Way Subgroup, a subgroup of the Local Group. The Milky Way is given for reference.
Proper name / designation | Distance (thousand light years) |
Diameter (thousand light years) |
Type | discovery | Alternative name (s) | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milky Way | - | 100-120 | SBbc | prehistoric | galaxy | - |
Canis major dwarf | 24 ± 3 | 20th | (dIrr) | 2003 | Canis Major Overdensity | Remnant |
Dwarf sagittarius elliptical galaxy | 78 ± 7 | 10 | dE | 1994 | SayDEG | in dissolution |
Ursa Major II | 100 ± 15 | 1 | dSph | 2006 | - | - |
Segue 2 | 114 ± 1 | - | dSph | 2007 | - | - |
Coma Berenices dwarf | 137 ± 5 | 0.5 | dSph | 2006 | Coma Dwarf | - |
Large Magellanic Cloud | 165 ± 5 | 25th | Irr / SBm | prehistoric | GMW, LMC, ESO 56-115, PGC 17223 | largest satellite galaxy in the Milky Way |
Small Magellanic Cloud | 195 ± 15 | 15th | Irr / SBm | prehistoric | KMW, SMC, NGC 292, PGC 3085 | - |
Bootes-I-dwarf | 196 ± 9 | 2 | dSph | 2006 | Boo I dSph | Galaxy with the lowest brightness |
Bootes-II-dwarf | 136 ± 26 | 0.5 | dSph | 2007 | Boo II dSph | |
Bootes III dwarf | 150 | 0.5 | dSph | 2009 | Boo III dSph | |
Ursa minor dwarf | 215 ± 10 | 2 | dSph / dE4 | 1954 | UGC 9749, DDO 199, A1508 | - |
Sculptor dwarf | 258 ± 13 | 3 | dSph / dE3 | 1937 | ESO 351-30, E351-G30, PGC 3589, A0058 | - |
Draco dwarf | 267 ± 20 | 2 | dSph / dE0 | 1954 | UGC 10822, DDO 208, A1719 | - |
Sextans dwarf | 280 ± 13 | 3 | dSph | 1990 | PGC 88608 | - |
Ursa Major I. | 325 | 3 | dSph | 2005 | UMa I dSph | - |
Carina dwarf | 329 ± 16 | 2 | dSph / dE3 | 1977 | NGC 2403, ESO 206-220, E206-G220, PCG 19441 | - |
Hercules dwarf | 430 | 2 | dSph | 2007 | - | |
Fornax dwarf | 450 ± 26 | 5 | dSph / dE2 | 1938 | ESO 356-04, E356-G04, PCG 10093, A0237 | contains 6 globular clusters |
Pisces II | 585 | 0.4 | dSph | 2010 | - | - |
Leo II | 669 ± 39 | 3 | dSph / dE0 | 1950 | UGC 6253, DDO 93, Harrington-Wilson 2, Leo B | - |
Leo IV | 520 ± 49 | 1 | dSph | 2006 | - | - |
Leo V | 570 ± 30 | 0.9 | dSph | 2007 | - | - |
Canes-Venatici-I | 718 ± 82 | 6th | dSph | 2006 | CVn I dSph | - |
Canes-Venatici-II | 490 ± 49 | 1 | dSph | 2006 | CVn II dSph | |
Leo I | 815 ± 82 | 3 | dSph / dE3 | 1950 | UGC 5470, DDO 74, A1006,
Harrington-Wilson 1, Regulus Dwarf |
- |
Phoenix dwarf | 1450 ± 100 | 2 | dIrr / dSph | 1976 | ESO 245-7, PCG 6830 | - |
Leo T | 1500 | - | dSph / dIrr | 2006 | - | |
Reticulum II | 100 | - | dSph | 2015 | ||
Eridanus II | 1190 | 1.8 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Horologium I. | 330 | - | dSph? | 2015 | ||
Pictor I | 370 | - | dSph? | 2015 | ||
Phoenix ii | 270 | - | dSph? | 2015 | ||
Grus I | 390 | - | dSph | 2015 | ||
Eridanus III | 290 | - | dSph? | 2015 | ||
Tucana II | 230 | - | dSph | 2015 | ||
Triangulum II | 100 | 0.23 | dSph | 2015 | Laevens 2 | |
Hydra II | 420 | 0.46 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Pegasus III | 700 | 0.36 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Grus II | 170 | 0.62 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Tucana III | 80 | 0.29 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Columba I | 590 | 0.68 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Tucana IV | 160 | 0.82 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Reticulum III | 300 | 0.42 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Tucana V | 180 | 0.10 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Indus II | 700 | 1.2 | dSph? | 2015 | ||
Cetus II | 100 | 0.10 | dSph? | 2015 | ||
Horologium II | 250 | 0.30 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Draco II | 70 | 0.13 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Sagittarius II | 220 | 0.26 | dSph | 2015 | ||
Crater II | 390 | 7.2 | dSph | 2016 | Very low brightness galaxy | |
Aquarius II | 350 | 1.0 | dSph | 2016 | ||
Hydrus I | 90 | 0.326 | dSph | 2018 | - | |
Antlia 2 | 430 | 10 | 2018 | most diffuse of all galaxies discovered so far |
Unsecured
Proper name / designation | Distance (thousand light years) |
Diameter (thousand light years) |
Type | discovery | Alternative name (s) | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complex H | 108 | 30th | unknown | 2003 | - | Remnant or possibly simple high-speed cloud |
Virgo overdensity | 30th | ? | (dSph) | 2005 | Virgo stream, Virgo dwarf | Remnant |
Willman 1 | 147 | <1 | dSph / GC | 2004 | SDSS J1049 + 5103 | Possibly globular clusters |
Barnard's Galaxy | 1600 | 6th | IB (s) m | 1884 | NGC 6822, IC 4895, DDO 209, PGC 63616, MCG -02-50-006, IRAS 19420-1450, HIPASS J1944-14 | is similar in structure and composition to the Small Magellanic Cloud |
Leo III | 2250 ± 325 | 4th | dIrr (IBm?) | 1940 | Leo A, UGC5364, DDO 69, PGC 28868 | - |
Tucana dwarf | 2870 ± 130 | 2 | dSph | 1990 | PGC 69519 | - |
Segue 1 | 75 ± 7 | - | dSph / GC | 2007 | - | Possibly globular clusters |
Galaxy types
- dIrr: Irregular dwarf galaxy (dwarf irregular galaxy)
- dE: Elliptical dwarf galaxy (dwarf elliptical galaxy)
- dSph: Spheroid dwarf galaxy (dwarf spheroidal galaxy)
- SBm: Irregular bar spiral
- Irr: Irregular Galaxy (irregular galaxy)
- IBm: irregular bar galaxy (similar to SBm)
- GC: globular clusters (globular clusters)
Remarks
- ↑ Not to be confused with the irregular Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (SagDIG)
- ↑ Not to be confused with the galaxy cluster of the same name
- ↑ a b c Martin, NF; De Jong, JTA; Rix, HW: A Comprehensive Maximum Likelihood Analysis of the Structural Properties of Faint Milky Way Satellites . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 684 (2): 1075, 2008. doi : 10.1086 / 590336 .
- ↑ Grillmair, CJ (2009). Four New Stellar Debris Streams in the Galactic Halo. In: The Astrophysical Journal . 693 (2): 1118-1127. arxiv : 0811.3965 , bibcode : 2009ApJ ... 693.1118G , doi: 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 693/2/1118 .
- ↑ Not to be confused with the irregular Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy (SDIG)
- ↑ Not to be confused with the clusters of galaxies (Abell 1377), the dwarf galaxy was until the discovery of Ursa Major II simply as Ursa Major dwarf known
- ^ Ilka Lehnen-Beyel (2007). New neighbors for the Milky Way. In: Image of Science . Wissenschaft.de (8 new dwarf galaxies, including Leo T)
- ↑ JTA de Jong et al. (2007). Numerical Color-Magnitude Diagram Analysis of SDSS Data and Application to the New Milky Way satellites. In: Astronomical Journal . 135: 1361-1383, 2008. arxiv : 0708.3758 [astro-ph], doi: 10.1088 / 0004-6256 / 135/4/1361 (CVn I, UMa II and Leo T)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Sergey E. Koposov, Vasily Belokurov, Gabriel Torrealba, N. Wyn Evans: Beasts of the Southern Wild. Discovery of a large number of Ultra Faint satellites in the vicinity of the Magellanic Clouds . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 805, March 10, 2015, p. 130. doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 805/2/130 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g DES Collaboration: Eight New Milky Way Companions Discovered in First-Year Dark Energy Survey Data . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 807, March 10, 2015, p. 50. doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 807/1/50 .
- ↑ D. Crnojević, DJ Sand, D. Zaritsky, K. Spekkens, B. Willman, JR Hargis: DEEP IMAGING OF ERIDANUS II AND ITS LONE STAR CLUSTER . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 824, No. 1, July.
- ↑ Nicolas F. Martin: HYDRA II: A FAINT AND COMPACT MILKY WAY DWARF GALAXY FOUND IN THE SURVEY OF THE MAGELLANIC STELLAR HISTORY . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 804, No. 1, April 23, 2015, p. L5. doi : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 804/1 / L5 .
- ↑ Dongwon Kim, Helmut Jerjen, Dougal Mackey, Gary S. Da Costa, Antonino P. Milone: A HERO'S DARK HORSE: DISCOVERY OF AN ULTRA-FAINT MILKY WAY SATELLITE IN PEGASUS . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 804, No. 2, May 12, 2015, p. L44. arxiv : 1503.08268 . doi : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 804/2 / L44 .
- ↑ Dongwon Kim, Helmut Jerjen, Marla Geha, Anirudh Chiti, Antonino P. Milone, Dougal Mackey, Gary da Costa, Anna Frebel, Blair Conn: PORTRAIT OF A DARK HORSE: PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND KINEMATICS OF THE ULTRA-FAINT MILKY WAY SATELLITE PEGASUS III . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 833, No. 1, July.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h A. Drlica-Wagner: Eight ultra-faint galaxy candidates discovered in Year Two of the Dark Energy Survey . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 813, No. 2, November 4, 2015, p. 109. doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 813/2/109 .
- ↑ Dongwon Kim, Helmut Jerjen: Horologium II: A second ultra-faint Milky Way satellite in the Horologium constellation . In: The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 808, No. 2, July 28, 2015, p. L39. doi : 10.1088 / 2041-8205 / 808/2 / L39 .
- ↑ a b B. PM Laevens, NF Martin, EJ Bernard, EF Schlafly, B. Sesar: SAGITTARIUS II, DRACO II AND LAEVENS 3: THREE NEW MILKY WAY SATELLITES DISCOVERED IN THE PAN-STARRS 1 3π SURVEY . In: The Astrophysical Journal . 813, No. 1, November 1, 2015. doi : 10.1088 / 0004-637X / 813/1/44 .
- ↑ G. Torrealba, SE Koposov, V. Belokurov & M. Irwin: The Feeble Giant. Discovery of a large and diffuse Milky Way dwarf galaxy in the constellation of Crater . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . April 13, 2016. doi : 10.1093 / mnras / stw733 .
- ↑ G. Torrealba, SE Koposov. V. Belokurov, M. Irwin, M. Collins, M. Spencer, R. Ibata, M. Matteo, A. Bonaca, P. Jethwa: At the survey limits: discovery of the Aquarius 2 dwarf galaxy in the VST ATLAS and the SDSS data . In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 463, No. 1, July, pp. 712-722.
- ↑ Sergey E. Koposov, Matthew G. Walker, Vasily Belokurov, Andrew R. Casey, Alex Geringer-Sameth, Dougal Mackey, Gary Da Costa, Denis Erkal, Prashin Jethwa, Mario Mateo, Edward W. Olszewski, John I. Bailey III : Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge . In: Cornell University Library . April 17, 2018. arxiv : 1804.06430v1 .