List of stumbling blocks in Kremmen

The stumbling blocks of Kremmen

The list of stumbling blocks in Kremmen contains the stumbling blocks that were laid by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig in the town of Kremmen in the Oberhavel district in Brandenburg . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence.

Fate of the Jews of Kremmen

In 1840 the synagogue was destroyed in a major city fire. At this point, the Jewish Borchardt family subsequently established a textile business. Isidor Borchardt became a citizen of the city in 1840. The last burial at the Jewish cemetery took place in 1905. The morgue was torn down in 1924. Members of the Borchardt family ran the business until 1938. Two children were able to flee, the parents and a daughter were deported to the Warsaw ghetto and murdered there.

After 1945, a Jewish family lived in Kremmen for a short time. In 1957 there were still around thirty graves in the Jewish cemetery. As a result, the neighboring general cemetery used the area as a garbage dump until the 1980s. Then the cemetery was made attractive again. Today there are 13 tombstones left. In 1988 a memorial plaque was placed on the Borchardt family's home, and in 2012 Gunter Demnig laid five stumbling blocks.

Stumbling blocks

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	HANS BORCHARDT JG LIVED HERE . 1912 ESCAPED 1935 PALESTINE SURVIVED	At market 5	Hans Borchardt was born on June 29, 1912 in Kremmen. His parents were Walter Borchardt and Meta , née Lewinski. He had two younger sisters: Margot Paula (born 1916) and Ruth Ilse (born 1917). In 1935 he was able to emigrate to Palestine. His sister Ruth was also able to flee and emigrated to Bolivia. His parents and sister Margot were murdered by the Nazi regime in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943 . Hans Borchardt last had contact with his parents in 1942.
	HERE LIVED MARGOT PAULA BORCHARDT JG. 1916 DEPORTED 1942 GHETTO WARSAW MURDERED 15.4.1943	At market 5	Margot Paula Borchardt was born on August 5, 1916 in Kremmen as the daughter of Walter and Meta Borchardt. She had two siblings: brother Hans (born 1912) and sister Ruth (born 1917). She was a saleswoman. She got married and was a married green. Her siblings were able to flee after the National Socialists came to power. On April 14, 1942, Margot Borchardt was deported from Berlin to the Warsaw ghetto together with her parents . There parents and daughter were murdered on April 15, 1943.
	HERE LIVED META BORCHARDT GEB. LEWINSKI AGE UNKNOWN DEPORTED 1942 GHETTO WARSAW MURDERED 15.4.1943	At market 5	Meta Borchardt , nee Lewinski, was born on January 20, 1888 in Saalfeld , East Prussia . Her parents were Max Lewinsky and Bertha, née Herz. She had an older sister, Paula. She was married to the general store dealer Walter Borchardt . The couple had three children: Hans (born 1912), Margot Paula (born 1916) and Ruth (born 1917). The family felt "comfortable and well-liked" in Kremmen. In 1938 the family business was demolished by the SA and the husband was arrested for a few days. In 1942 the family was deported. First Meta Borchardt was deported together with her husband and daughter Margot to a Berlin assembly camp, then to the Warsaw ghetto . On April 15, 1943, Meta Borchardt, her husband and daughter Margot were murdered there. Meta Borchardt's children Hans and Ruth fled in 1935 and both were able to survive. Her brother-in-law Max Jacob was murdered in the Treblinka extermination camp in 1942 . At least two of her sister's three children were murdered in Auschwitz, Käte (1909–1943) and Kurt (1912–1943). Stolpersteine ​​were laid for Käte and Kurt Jacob in Werder (Havel). Hans Jacob tried to emigrate to Palestine at night, but never seems to have arrived there.
	HERE LIVED RUTH ILSE BORCHARDT JG. 1917 ESCAPED 1935 BOLIVIA SURVIVED	At market 5	Ruth Ilse Borchardt was born in Kremmen in 1917. Her parents were Walter Borchardt and Meta , née Lewinski. She had two older siblings: Hans and Margot Paula . Ruth Ilse Borchardt was able to flee to Bolivia in 1935. Her parents and sister were murdered by the Nazi regime in the Warsaw ghetto , as were some relatives. Only her brother Hans was able to survive the Shoah by emigrating to Palestine.
	WALTER BORCHARDT JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1885 1942 GHETTO WARSAW MURDERED 04/15/1943	At market 5	Walter Borchardt was born in Kremmen on October 31, 1885, as the nephew of Isidor Borchardt, who had obtained local civil rights in 1840. His parents were Siegmund Borchardt (1854–1939) and Mathilde, née Liepmann (born 1859). He had six younger brothers, Alfred (1887–1966), Joachim (1889–1914), Erich (1890–1943). Willi (1891-1915), Fritz (1896-1912) and Werner (1902-2000). One brother died at the age of 16, two brothers died in the First World War. Walter Borchardt was a general store and was married to Meta , nee Lewinski. The couple had three children: Hans (born 1912), Margot Paula (born 1916) and Ruth (born 1917). He and his family felt "comfortable and were well-liked" in Kremmen. He was a long-established Kremmener, had served in the First World War and felt relatively safe even after the seizure of power. Despite increasing harassment, he did not consider emigrating while two of his children, Hans and Ruth, fled. In 1938 the textile house Borchardt was demolished by SA henchmen, he himself was arrested and released after a few days. In 1942 Walter Borchardt was deported together with his wife and daughter Margot. First the family was deported to a Berlin assembly camp, then to the Warsaw ghetto . On April 15, 1943 Walter Borchardt, his wife and daughter Margot were murdered there. His brother Erich and his wife Hilde were also murdered by the Nazi regime. Son Hans (in Palestine) and daughter Ruth (in Bolivia) were able to survive. His son Hans Borchardt received the last sign of life from his parents and sister in May 1942.

Plaque

Memorial plaque for the Borchardt family (Kremmen)

A plaque commemorates the fate of the Borchardt family. It was installed in GDR times and is located on the family's former residential and commercial building.

laying

The stumbling blocks for the Borchardt family were laid by Gunter Demnig personally on April 30, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Kremmen  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Isak Aasvestad: History of the Jews in Kremmen , website of the University of Potsdam , accessed on December 28, 2019
2. ↑ Isak Aasvestad: History of the Jewish Cemetery in Kremmen , website of the University of Potsdam, accessed on December 26, 2019
3. ↑ Isak Aasvestad: History of the Jewish Cemetery in Kremmen , website of the University of Potsdam, accessed on December 28, 2019
4. ↑ From the history of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area: Oranienburg , accessed on December 28, 2019
5. ^ Regina Scheer - Dealing with the Monuments, Brandenburg State Center for Political Education in the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the State of Brandenburg 2003, ISBN 3-932502-36-1 , p. 106
6. ↑ Photo of the birth announcement , accessed on December 25, 2019
7. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries to the person, both accessed on December 25, 2019
   * MARGOT PAULA BORCHARDT , based living on a commemorative sheet of 1999, submitted by a niece, Hedva Gati, back in Israel,
   * MARGOT PAULA GREEN , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
8. ↑ Advertisement engagement Paula Lewinski
9. ↑ ^{a b} Dirk Nierhaus: Stolpersteine ​​relocated , on moz.de, April 30, 2012, accessed on December 26, 2019
10. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on December 26, 2019:
    * META BORKARD , based on a commemorative sheet from 1999, submitted by his granddaughter, Hedva Gati, then living in Israel, and
    * META BORCHARDT , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
11. ^ Jüdische Schicksale Werder: Familie Jacob , accessed on December 26, 2019
12. ↑ Yad Vashem has the following entries on the sister's children, both accessed on December 26, 2019:
    * KÄTE JACOB , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
    * KURT JACOB , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
13. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on December 28, 2019:
    * ERICH BORCHARDT , based on a commemorative sheet from 1999, submitted by his brother's granddaughter, Hedva Gati, then living in Israel, and
    * ERICH BORCHARDT , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
14. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on December 27, 2019:
    * WALTER BORCHARDT , based on a memorial sheet from 1999, submitted by his granddaughter, Hedva Gati, then living in Israel, and
    * WALTER BORCHARDT , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
15. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Borchardt, Walter Valter , accessed on December 27, 2019
16. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names HILDE BORCHARDT , based on a commemorative sheet from 1999, submitted by Hedva Gati, then living in Israel.
17. ↑ Note: The plaque was attached either in 1973 or in 1988. 2 sources have different information on this
18. ^ Uni Potsdam: Kremmen , accessed on December 28, 2019