List of stumbling blocks in Potsdam

Stumbling blocks for the Lehmann family

The list of stumbling blocks in Potsdam includes those stumbling blocks that were laid by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig in the Brandenburg capital of Potsdam . They are dedicated to the victims of National Socialism , all those who were harassed, deported, murdered, emigrated or driven to suicide by the Nazi regime.

Demnig lays a separate stone for each victim, usually in front of the last place of residence they chose.

Relocations in Potsdam

The following stumbling blocks were laid in the state capital Potsdam on the following days:

• September 27, 2006, July 3, 2008, March 9, 2009, May 5 and December 1, 2013, October 14, 2014, March 20, 2018, February 20, 2019, December 6, 2019.

The selection of the victims, the creation of the biographies and the search for descendants took place on a broad social basis. Schools and pupils in particular were integrated into this process. An example: A group of teenagers and young adults from Protestant parishes conducted intensive research in archives for a year on the fate of the Herzfeld family at the suggestion of Friedenskirche pastor Simon Kuntze and under the direction of historian Sascha Topp .

image	inscription	address	Life
	HERE LIVED KÄTHE ALEXANDER KATZ GEB. BUKI JG. 1,891 deported in 1943 MURDERED IN AUSCHWITZ	Griebnitzstrasse 8	Käthe Alexander-Katz lived in Fritz Hirschfeld's house in the 1930s and looked after his seriously ill wife. The Catholic woman of Jewish origin was murdered in Auschwitz.
	JULIUS BACK JG LIVED HERE . 1868 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 19.12.1942	Ebräerstrasse 4	Julius Back was born on September 25, 1868 as the first child of his parents in Wronke ( Posen ). There he grew up, there he met his future wife, Marta nee. Lippmann (see below), and there he became a master baker. The two married on August 17, 1898 in Wronke. The couple had three children, Kurt (born June 4, 1899), Margarete and Margot. In 1922 the couple opened a bakery in Potsdam, at Brandenburger Strasse 22. Until 1932, the family also lived there. Then the couple gave up the business and moved to Kupferschmiedsgasse, which is now called Ebräerstrasse again. From 1748 to 1763 the first Jewish community hall in Potsdam was located there. The daughters married and all three children left their home country after the Nazis came to power. Margarete Orbach was the first of the three to go to London. Margot Bernstein was also supported by her parents in emigrating. Kurt, who was single and still lived with his parents, managed to escape to Bolivia. On March 12, 1940, the elderly couple also applied for an exit visa to Bolivia . But the government there increasingly restricted the immigration of Jews and the Third Reich finally issued a complete emigration ban for Jewish citizens on October 23, 1941. The couple lost their entire fortune and were forcibly moved to the assembly camp in the Jewish old people's home in Babelsberg. On October 3, 1942, both were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . A few weeks later, on December 19, 1942, Julius Back died of the consequences of his imprisonment. His wife was able to survive the concentration camp imprisonment. It was ransomed for foreign currency in February 1945 and brought to Switzerland.
	HERE LIVED MARTA BACK GEB. LIPPMANN JG. DEPORTED 1873 1942 THERESIENSTADT LIBERATED / SURVIVED	Ebräerstrasse 4	Marta Back born Lippmann was born on January 10, 1873 in Wronke. She met the future master baker Julius Back (see above) and married him on August 17th, 1898 in her hometown. The couple had three children, Kurt (born June 4, 1899), Margarete and Margot. The family moved to Potsdam and opened a bakery there in 1922 at Brandenburger Strasse 22. Until 1932 the family also lived there. The daughters married. Then the couple gave up the business and moved with their still unmarried son to Kupferschmiedsgasse, today Ebräerstrasse again. All three children left their home country after the National Socialists came to power. Margarete Orbach was the first of the three to go to London. Margot Bernstein was also supported by her parents in emigrating. Kurt managed to escape to Bolivia. The couple also wanted to emigrate to Bolivia in 1940, but it was too late. They lost all their belongings, had to move to a collection camp and were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on October 3, 1942 . Julius Back died there on December 19, 1942. Marta Back survived her imprisonment in the concentration camp and came to Switzerland on February 5, 1945 as part of an exchange campaign between Jews for foreign currency. She lived until 1962.
	HUGO BARON LIVED HERE [...]	Lindenstrasse 15	Hugo Baron had lived in Potsdam since 1898 and ran a shop for men's and boys' outfits, including at Lindenstrasse 15. As a long-time member of the Jewish community, he was discriminated against, persecuted and deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto. He died there on December 2, 1942.
	FRANZ BERNHARD JG LIVED HERE . 1862 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 24.5.1943	Berliner Strasse 53	Franz Bernhard was born on March 24, 1862 in Tangermünde . He came from a bourgeois family who ran a respected banking business in downtown Potsdam. He grew up at Am Kanal 46, in his mother's family home. In keeping with tradition, he joined his father's banking business, P. Bernhard , which had been located at Charlottenstrasse 76 since 1882, and took over its management. He was born in his first marriage to Clara. Marcuse married. The couple had two children, daughter Henny and son Heinrich Julius, named Heinz. His wife died in 1907. The family owned a villa with a large garden on Tiefen See, at that time Neue Königstraße 33, today Berliner Straße 53. Franz Bernhard was born into his second marriage to Helene. Veilchenfeld married. In 1924 he handed over the management of the bank to Emil Hechler, who however kept the company name P. Bernhard. As a Jew, he and his family were robbed of all property during the Nazi era. Franz Bernhard had to see how his life's work was destroyed and the family's fortune gradually stolen. He himself had to move to the Jewish retirement and infirmary next to the Babelsberg observatory and lost his remaining assets through a fraudulent "home purchase contract" for Theresienstadt . There he was awarded the "75. Alterstransport ”(I / 79) deported on November 20, 1942. His transport number was 9876. He died on May 24, 1943 in the concentration camp. The family grave is located in the Jewish cemetery in Potsdam . The plaque for Franz Bernhard was engraved: “His life was a role model. His death is an obligation. " Heinrich Julius Bernhard , or Heinz for short , was born on July 23, 1893 in Potsdam. He was the son of the banker Franz Bernhard and Clara born. Marcuse. His mother died in 1907, and his father later remarried. He studied medicine and eventually became a specialist in nervous and mental diseases. He was arrested, first deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp and later to the Mauthausen concentration camp . On February 15, 1945, he was murdered in Ebensee by representatives of the Nazi regime.
	HERE LIVED DR. PAUL ELKAN BERNHARDT [...]	Ludwig-Richter-Strasse 15	Dr. Paul Elkan Bernhardt lived in what is now Ludwig-Richter-Strasse and worked as a neurologist. In 1942 he presumably committed suicide to avoid the threat of deportation.
	HELENE DORNBUSCH GEB. LIVED HERE REINHOLD JG. DEPORTED 1875 1942 RIGA ESCAPE TO DEATH 1/24/1942	Alt Nowawes 116	Helene Dornbusch b. Rheinhold was born on December 28, 1875 in Koblenz . She married Theodor Dornbusch from Potsdam, who was four years her junior. The marriage remained childless. On January 7, 1942, her husband was forced to draw up and prepare a declaration of assets . On January 13, 1942, the elderly couple was forcibly deported, with Transport 8, train Da 44 from Berlin to Riga . There they both committed suicide on January 24, 1942. The Dornbuschs' apartment in Babelsberg was cleared, the inventory confiscated and auctioned on March 3, 1942 at 10 a.m. on the premises of the shipping company Grünefeld at Wilhelmstraße 83.
	THEODOR DORNBUSCH JG LIVED HERE . 1879 DEPORTED 1942 RIGA ESCAPE TO DEATH 01/24/1942	Alt Nowawes 116	Theodor Dornbusch was born on August 26, 1879 in Darmstadt . His parents ran a brush shop. He was the firstborn of four siblings, two brothers and two sisters. He became a qualified engineer and, after a stopover in Hanover, worked from 1910 to 1922 at the Orenstein and Koppel company in Drewitz (Teltow district). He married Helene geb. Rheinhold from Koblenz. The marriage remained kinderlos.Beide brothers served in the First World War . His brother Julius entered voluntarily and fell in 1915. Theodor Dornbusch was sent to the Eastern Front, but was able to survive. From 1918 the couple lived at Wilhelmstrasse 118 (today Alt Nowawes 116). He supported his sister who was still living in Darmstadt. For a while he was employed as a trainer at the AEG company in Berlin, and later temporarily as a designer at Union-Kupplungs in Berlin. He was temporarily unemployed. On January 7, 1942, he was forced to draw up and prepare a declaration of assets . As a result, he received a pension of 92.50 Reichsmarks per month. On January 13, 1942, the elderly couple was forcibly deported, with Transport 8, train Da 44 from Berlin to Riga . There they both committed suicide on January 24, 1942.
	MARGOT FALKENBURG GEB. LIVED HERE BRAUER JG. 1910 DEPORTED 1942 RIGA STUTTHOF MURDERED 14.1.1945	Alt Nowawes 36	Margot Falkenburg b. Brauer was born on July 11, 1910 in Potsdam as the daughter of the businessman Max Brauer. She spent her childhood in her hometown and married Heinz Siegfried Falkenburg (born on January 6, 1903 in Dessau ). Margot lived with her father for a long time, and her job was an office clerk. She tried to get an exit permit first to England, where her husband had emigrated, then to Argentina, where her sister-in-law Elly Falkenburg lived. From October 1st, 1939, she sublet lived with Kurt Samter (see below) at Babelsberger Wilhelmstrasse 36 (today Alt Nowawes 36). There was no longer any emigration, she had to do forced labor instead . For a weekly wage of 17 to 18 Reichsmarks, she worked as a winder in the Glissa textile factory in Potsdam-Babelsberg. On January 13, 1942, she was deported to the Riga ghetto on the 8th Osttransport - together with 1,034 other Jews from Potsdam and Berlin, including her landlord Kurt Samter . She arrived there on January 16, 1942. In 1943 she was deported to the Kaiserwald concentration camp, after which it was evacuated to the Stutthof concentration camp . She arrived there on October 1, 1944. On January 14, 1945, Margot Falkenburg was murdered by the Nazi regime. Her husband was interned in Great Britain in 1940 and then deported to Australia with the HMT Dunera . He had to live in camps until the end of the war. He then went to Haifa in Palestine, where he died decades later.
	HERE LIVED PAULA Gormanns GEB. HIRSCHBRUCH JG. 1888 DEPORTED 1942 RIGA MURDERED 5/11/1943 AUSCHWITZ	Ludwig-Richter-Strasse 30	Paula Gormanns b. Hirschbruch was born on April 10, 1888 in Magdeburg as the daughter of Lesser Hirschbruch and Rosa. Grant born. She married Siegfried Gormanns (see below). The couple first lived in Stettin , where their two sons were born, Kurt Simon (born September 9, 1919) and Walter David (born 1925, see below). Later, the husband took over her father's small textile business in Potsdam. Paula Gormanns was a housewife and mother, supported her husband in running the business and was considered a very sociable person. She met her friends regularly and also fulfilled social obligations in the Jewish community. The family first moved into an apartment behind the old town hall, on Blücherplatz, which no longer exists, and last lived in today's Ludwig-Richter-Straße 30. The son Kurt attended high school, but suffered greatly from the anti-Semitic abuse and beatings of his classmates and former soccer friends. At the age of 17 he decided to emigrate, went to Haifa in Palestine and started an apprenticeship as a waiter there in December 1936. Mother, father and younger brother, however, were arrested and deported to the Riga ghetto on January 13, 1942 . Her husband and father died there in August 1942. Paula Gormanns and her younger son were deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp a little later and murdered there on November 5, 1943 by the Nazi regime. Kurt Simon Gormanns survived the Shoah . He worked as a bus driver and died on September 28, 2008 in Haifa.
	SIEGFRIED GORMANN'S JG LIVED HERE . 1878 DEPORTED 1942 RIGA MURDERED AUG. 1942	Ludwig-Richter-Strasse 30	Siegfried Gormanns was born in Mannheim on January 1, 1878 . His parents were Simon Gormanns (1846–1885) and Helene geb. Aberle (1852-1925). He had four siblings, Thekla (born 1875, later Baer), Amanda (born 1876, later Zivi), Laure (born 1879, later Hirschle) and Leopold (born 1880). He married Paula geb. Deer break. The couple first lived in Stettin , where their two sons were born: Kurt Simon (born 1919), who emigrated to Palestine in 1936, and Walter David (born 1925, see below). As a result, Siegfried Gormanns took over the small textile business of his father-in-law Lesser Hirschbruch in Potsdam. The store was located at Brandenburger Straße 33, later the move was made to Wilhelmplatz, at the corner of Charlottenstraße. His wife helped him run the business. The family lived first at Blücherplatz, later at today's Ludwig-Richter-Strasse 30. He was arrested for racist reasons along with his wife and younger son and deported to the Riga ghetto on January 13, 1942 . He died there in August 1942. Wife and son Walter were murdered on November 5, 1943 in the Auschwitz concentration camp . Son Kurt was able to survive in exile.
	WALTER DAVID GORMANNS JG LIVED HERE . 1925 DEPORTED 1942 RIGA MURDERED 5/11/1943 AUSCHWITZ	Ludwig-Richter-Strasse 30	Walter David Gormanns was born on May 15, 1925 in Stettin . His parents were Siegfried Gormanns and Paula geb. Hirschbruch (see above). He had an older brother, Kurt, born in 1919. The family moved to Potsdam, where the father took over his father-in-law's textile business. Kurt fled to Palestine in 1936 and was the only one to survive the Holocaust . Father, mother and son Walter were deported to the Riga ghetto on January 13, 1942 . The father died there in August 1942. After that, Walter Gormanns was deported together with his mother to the Auschwitz concentration camp . He spent the last months of his life cleaning excrement and dead people from the deportation trains arriving in Auschwitz. On November 5, 1943, he and his mother were murdered by the Nazi regime.
	SAMUEL GUTTMANN JG LIVED HERE . 1879 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 17.5.1943	At the place of the unit 2	Samuel Gutmann was born on June 25, 1879 in Königsberg (East Prussia). His mother was Rebecca b. Sack, she came from Lithuania. Samuel lived on the premises of the synagogue congregation until he had to leave the apartment. He was a pupil of Eduard Birnbaum , the creator of works of synagogue music , and eventually became cantor, teacher and later chief cantor himself. He was the official successor of Zemach Schönberger (1852–1906), who had shaped the Jewish life of Potsdam for years. He was appointed 2nd chairman of the General German Cantor Association. He had good connections to the organist and bell player of the Christian garrison church , Professor Otto Becker , with whom he played several times together. On October 28, 1942, at the age of 63, he and 99 other people were deported from Berlin to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in the "Alterstransport I / 72" . He died there on May 17, 1943. His wife was killed in the Jewish retirement home on Babelsberger Bergstrasse. A memorial stone donated and erected by John Gersmann and Beate Spier in the Jewish cemetery in Potsdam commemorates them .
	HERE LIVED DR. GUSTAV ADOLF HERZFELD JG. 1861 PROBLEM BAN 1938 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 10/27/1942	Potsdamer Strasse 60	Dr. Gustav Adolf Herzfeld was born in New York on May 7, 1861. He came from a German banking family, his parents were Josef Herzfeld (1824–1901) and Ida geb. Hallgarten (1837-1899). He had three siblings, Georg (1859–1929), Marie Josephine Victoria, later married Vohsen (1865–1930), also called Meemy, and Rosa Eleonora, later married von den Steinen (1867–1944). He studied law and married Elise geb. Hemmerling. The couple had a son, Joachim. In 1903 the family moved to Potsdam, where Herzfeld had a villa built in the neo- baroque style. The building is located at today's Geschwister-Scholl-Straße 54. The family was in close contact with publishers, writers and industrialists and enriched the city's cultural life. In 1908 he converted to the Protestant faith in the Petri congregation in Berlin, and in 1909 he was admitted to the bar. His son died in the First World War. His wife committed suicide in 1923. He moved to today's Potsdamer Straße 60 and from then on belonged to the Bornim parish. After the National Socialists came to power, he was initially able to retain his license as a so-called "old attorney". He joined forces with colleagues of Jewish origin in a joint law firm. In 1938 he was also banned from working. He had to wear the yellow star. In 1942 he was forced to go to a so-called Jewish retirement home in Babelsberg. He then attempted suicide at the age of 81. The suicide failed, he was taken to St. Josefs Hospital, nursed back to health and on October 3, 1942, deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on the 3rd "Große Alterstransport" . There he was killed on October 27, 1942. In 1984 a memorial plaque for the lawyer was unveiled in Potsdam. Great-nieces came from Switzerland to lay the Stolpersteine.
	HERE LIVED MORITZ 'MAX' HIRSCH BREAK JG. 1876 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 10.5.1943	Kiezstrasse 10a	Moritz Max Hirschbruch was born on March 20, 1876 in Czersk , West Prussia. His parents were Falk Hirschbruch and Paulina geb. Margoniska. He had at least four sisters and two brothers, one of whom was Lesser Hirschbruch, the father of Paula Gormanns (see above). He married Meta Berndt from Potsdam and after the death of his father-in-law took over his thriving wholesale company. This specialized in colonial goods, coffee imports and yeast production and employed up to forty workers and employees. The regular customers in Potsdam and the surrounding area were mainly supplied with horse-drawn carts and delivery vehicles, the confectioneries Braun, Genicke, Klaeden, Ludwig, Rabin and Weiss, but also grocery stores, bakeries and hotels. The Hirschbruch couple had three children, Fritz (born 1910), Margot and Liselotte, who died after just a few weeks. The economic crisis and the boycott of Jewish companies by order of the Nazi regime brought the company into an existential crisis as early as 1933 and 1934. The property at Brauerstraße 6 had to be sold and in 1934 the company moved - with a dwindling supply and a lack of customers - to the basement of Kiezstraße 10a. The grandson attended the school on Dortustraße until one day the school director announced that the boy was a good student but could no longer attend an “Aryan school”. The boy moved to Schönhauser Allee, to the Auerbach orphanage. On the night of the pogrom in 1938, the Nazis broke into the children's home and tried to torch it. Older students could prevent it. The synagogue on Wilhelmplatz was set on fire and burned down. Moritz Hirschbruch was arrested on the night of the pogrom and interned in the Oranienburg concentration camp. Daughter Margot, now a partner in her father's company, was forced to give up the company without any consideration - under the threat that she would otherwise not see her father again. The arrest of the husband and the loss of the family's livelihood so upset Moritz Hirschbruch's wife that she died. After his release from the concentration camp, the now widower found accommodation in the Jewish old people's home in Babelsberg. Although his grandson David Levin was able to survive the Shoah , he was one of 1,000 children who were brought to Great Britain on August 14, 1939 on a children's transport by train via Holland. But the family and property were finally destroyed, the wife dead, son and daughter-in-law in the Netherlands, the grandson in England. In May and October 1942 he sent two preprinted war postcards from the Red Cross, the last signs of life. He writes of great longing, "fear of wandering" and trust in God. On January 12, 1943 Moritz Hirschbruch was awarded the “79. Alterstransport ”was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . He died there on May 10, 1943, weakened by transport and illness. Fritz Hirschbruch was born on March 27, 1910 in Potsdam. He married Edith geb. Herzog, b. on March 6, 1914 in Berlin as the daughter of Max and Liess Herzog. The couple lived in Berlin and at an unknown point in time fled to the Netherlands . The two were caught there by the Nazi regime and deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943. The memorial book , ed. from the Federal Archives and the Dutch Oorlogsgravenstichting date the murder of Edith Hirschbruch as September 10, 1943 and Fritz Hirschbruch as March 31, 1944.
	FRITZ HIRSCHFELD JG LIVED HERE . 1886 ESCAPE 1939 HOLLAND INTERNED WESTERBORK DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT 1944 AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Griebnitzstrasse 8	Fritz Hirschfeld was chairman of the Potsdam district court from 1927 to 1933 and was one of the city's most respected lawyers. Because of his Jewish origins, he was persecuted and murdered by the National Socialists.
	WILHELM KANN JG LIVED HERE . 1880 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 4.1.1944	Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 113	Wilhelm Kann was the last Jew from Potsdam. He was born on November 17, 1880 into an upper-class family. His father owned a bank that had existed since 1842 and had a good reputation. He himself also became a banker, but ultimately remained hapless. After the National Socialists came to power in January 1933, he took over commercial agencies. He worked for the synagogue community and the Reich Association of Jews, and devoted his energies above all to Jewish life. In the end, he lived all alone in an unheated attic apartment in his parents' house. On June 18, 1943, Wilhelm Kann was "deregistered by the police" as an alleged emigrant. The meager facility and its remaining cash were confiscated and auctioned off in September 1943. On June 29, 1943, he was deported from Berlin with Transport I / 97, No. 13.499, to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . After that, Potsdam was considered “Jew-free”. His Prussian sense of duty cost him his life on January 4, 1944 in Theresienstadt. The four children managed to emigrate. As a result, his name also survived: grandson Michael Kann became a director, screenwriter and actor. In his work, he primarily deals with the persecution of the Jews. In a permanent exhibition in connection with the work of Michael Kann, the Filmmuseum Potsdam showed a harrowing last postcard to the family's nanny, Anna Groß.
	HERE LIVED CLARA PURCHASE JG. 1897 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 02.27.1943	Karl-Marx-Strasse 8	Clara Kauf was born on August 30, 1897. Her parents were Emil Kauf and Pauline geb. Mosheim (see below). She was paralyzed from birth and was looked after by her mother and a nurse. Since her parents were living in a residential situation, she was spared a fate at home. After the National Socialists came to power, however, the perspective of the disabled woman darkened. On January 13, 1943, she and her parents were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . All three family members died there in quick succession in the first half of 1943, first the daughter on February 27, then the mother on the 11th and finally the father on June 21, 1943.
	HERE LIVED EMIL PURCHASE JG. 1863 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 21.6.1943	Karl-Marx-Strasse 8	Emil Kauf was born on May 1, 1863 in Samter (Posen) as the son of Joseph Kauf (1822–1898) and Karoline, b. Sliwinski (around 1820–1888) born. He had three brothers and a sister who all died long before him. He is listed in Berlin address books from 1889, initially as a "trader". He married Pauline geb. Mosheim. On August 30, 1897, their daughter Clara was born, who was paralyzed from birth. She was looked after by her mother and a nurse. In 1902 he founded his own company for the production of women's coats, which was based at Kronenstrasse 37 until 1926. At that time Berlin was a famous place in the fashion world and Emil Kauf was able to achieve the rise of his company with great skill. The fashion house first moved to Jerusalemer Straße, then to Charlottenstraße 64. In 1912, he bought a plot of land for the family in the charming villa colony of Neubabelsberg and built a house. The systematic robbery of the family began during the Nazi era, initially through the ordinance to exclude Jews from German economic life , which forced Emil Kauf to dissolve the traditional company. His assets had to be listed on official forms, valuables had to be delivered. This was followed by the Jewish property tax and finally in November 1941 the forced sale of the house and property. Efforts to emigrate failed because of the advanced age of the couple, then because of the outbreak of war. After they had lost almost everything, they had to apply for admission to the "nursing home of the Reichsvereinigung" in Potsdam-Babelsberg and were then forced to sign a "home purchase contract" for the Theresienstadt concentration camp . The Kauf family was deported to Theresienstadt on January 13, 1943. All three family members died there in quick succession in the first half of 1943, the daughter on February 27, the mother on the 11th and the father on June 21, 1943.
	HERE LIVED PAULINE PURCHASE GEB. MOSHEIM JG. 1865 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 11.6.1943	Karl-Marx-Strasse 8	Pauline Kauf born Mosheim was born on June 21, 1865 as the daughter of Sally Mosheim and Rosa. Katzenstein born. She had a brother, Karl Mosheim (1862–1936). She married Emil Kauf (see above), who later became a highly successful textile merchant in Berlin. The couple had a daughter, Clara, born on August 30, 1897, who was paralyzed from birth (see above). In 1912 the family moved to a villa in Potsdam. The mother and a nurse took care of the daughter. Pauline Kauf, her husband and daughter were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on January 13, 1943 . All three family members died there in quick succession in the first half of 1943, first the daughter on February 27, then the mother on the 11th and finally the father on June 21, 1943.
	ALFRED LEHMANN JG LIVED HERE . IN 1908 ARRESTED 1938 'RASSENSCHANDE' ZUCHTHAUS BRANDENBURG ZUCHTHAUS CELLE 1941 SACHSENHAUSEN MURDERED 9.9.1941 GROSS-ROSEN	Weinbergstrasse 36	Alfred Lehmann was born in Potsdam on October 30, 1908. He was the second son of Dr. Siegfried and Margarete Lehmann. His brother was called Günter, geb. 1905. Alfred attended the municipal secondary school from 1917 and the municipal high school from 1924. There he graduated from high school in 1927. He then studied law in Heidelberg, Munich and Berlin. In 1931 he passed the first state examination in law, but could no longer take the second state examination due to the law on the restoration of the civil service of April 7, 1933. Jewish lawyers were banned from working under the Nazi regime (with certain exceptions for the time being) . He applied to the Berlin-based company Gebrüder Peiser and was accepted as a commercial clerk on May 1, 1933. He continued to live with his parents at Potsdamer Augustastraße 36 (today Weinbergstraße). On September 23, 1938, he was arrested for denouncing him and charged with so-called racial disgrace . The flight from Germany planned for October 1938 therefore failed. On November 9, 1938, in a trial before the Potsdam Regional Court, he was sentenced to two years and six months in prison for violating the law for the protection of German blood and German honor . He was transferred to the Brandenburg prison on November 29, 1938 , and later to the Celle prison . There he had to do hard work in the Mulmshorn field work detachment, which severely damaged his health. His term ended on March 19, but he was not released. He was transferred to the Potsdam Police Prison, taken into " protective custody " and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp on April 5, 1941 . On September 9, 1941, Alfred Lehmann was murdered by the Nazi regime in the Groß-Rosen concentration camp . His brother Günter and his family managed to escape to the USA in 1939. The mother was deported to Auschwitz, the father died in the Jewish hospital in Berlin.
	MARGARETE LEHMANN JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1882 1943 MURDERED January 12, 1943 AUSCHWITZ	Weinbergstrasse 36	Margarete Lehmann b. Lipschütz was born on March 1, 1882 in Breslau . She married the lawyer Siegfried Lehmann from Neustettin. The couple settled in Potsdam and had two sons, Günter (born 1905) and Alfred (born 1908, see above). Her husband ran a law firm from 1920. In 1933 the notary's office was withdrawn, in 1938 he was banned from working and became unemployed. The family's situation deteriorated dramatically. The couple had to move to the Jewish retirement home in Potsdam-Babelsberg and finally leave Potsdam. In Berlin they were separated. While her husband remained in the Jewish Hospital, Margarete Lehmann was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1943 on the so-called 26th Osttransport, where she was murdered. Son Günter managed to escape to the USA with his family in 1939. Son Alfred was murdered on September 9, 1941 in the Groß-Rosen concentration camp. Margarete Lehmann's husband only survived a few days; he died on February 7, 1943 in the Jewish Hospital in Berlin. She was only pronounced dead in 1952.
	DR. SIEGFRIED LEHMANN JG LIVED HERE . 1874 PROHIBITION OF PROFESSIONS 1938 HUMILIATED / DISRIGHTS DEAD 7.2.1943	Weinbergstrasse 36	Dr. Siegfried Lehmann was born on April 16, 1874 in Neustettin , studied law and married Margarete Lipschütz, eight years younger from Breslau. The couple had two sons, Günter (born 1905) and Alfred (born 1908, see above). He became a lawyer and from 1920 ran a law firm together with Herbert Marcuse at Brandenburger Straße 24. His notary's office was withdrawn as early as the summer of 1933 . As a so-called old attorney, however, he was able to continue working as a lawyer. In September 1938 the younger son was arrested. On December 1, 1938, the general ban on Jewish lawyers came into force and Dr. Siegfried Lehmann lost his livelihood at the age of 64. The older son Günter and his family managed to escape to the USA in 1939. In 1941 and 1942 the impoverished couple lived in the Jewish retirement home at Bergstrasse 1. At the end of 1942 they had to leave Potsdam and were brought to Berlin. Margarete Lehmann was deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp on the so-called 26th Osttransport in January 1943 and murdered there. Dr. Siegfried Lehmann stayed behind in Berlin and died on February 7, 1943 in the Jewish Hospital . He was buried in the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee .
	HERE LIVED KÄTHE MEYER STONE GEB. ADAM JG. DEPORTED 1884 1942 [...]	New Fahrland	Käthe Meyerstein born Adam was born in Berlin on July 10, 1884 . Her parents were Saul and Fanny Adam. She married Paul Otto Meyerstein, a businessman. The couple had two sons and lived in Neu Fahrland . While the sons managed to escape to the USA, the parents did not manage to emigrate. Both were on January 13, 1942 with Transport No. 44 deported to the Riga ghetto. Her husband died there. On November 5, 1943, she was deported to Auschwitz , where she was murdered.
	HERE LIVED PAUL OTTO MEYER STONE JG. DEPORTED 1876 1942 [...]	Neu Fahrland, Spandauer Strasse 14	Paul Otto Meyerstein was born in Berlin on June 29, 1876 . His parents were Hugo Ernst Meyerstein and Henrietta. He was a landowner and a businessman. In 1920 he acquired the old Am Wiesenrand bakery in Neu Fahrland. There he lived with his wife Käthe geb. Adam and two sons. While the sons managed to escape to the USA, the parents did not manage to emigrate. Both were deported to the Riga ghetto on January 13, 1942. Paul Otto Meyerstein died there in 1943. His wife was deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	HERE LIVED SELMA NEUMANN GEB. HORRWITZ JG. 1862 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 27.9.1942	Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 13 (formerly Nauener Straße 41)	Selma Neumann b. Horrwitz came from a successful banking family. She was born on February 1, 1862 in Potsdam as the daughter of Adolf and Louisa Hornwitz and grew up together with her brother James on the upper floor of the house at Nauener Strasse 41. She lived in this house all her life until she was deported. Horrwitz House, Potsdam She married the doctor Hermann Neumann, born in 1859. The couple had a daughter, Charlotte Luise Henriette, born on January 18, 1890 in Potsdam. Selma's husband was a medical adviser, obstetrician, board member and medical advisor for the Potsdam synagogue community . He conducted his ordination on the ground floor of the house at Nauener Strasse 41. In 1901, Selma Neumann's brother died in Berlin, and in 1908 her father. She was the sole heir and the house was transferred to her name. The daughter married Herrmann Schreiber (1882–1954), who became rabbi of Potsdam in 1912. The two had a son, Paul, born in July 1911 in Potsdam. Her husband died on December 6, 1935. Because of his merits, he was given a grave in the honor row of the Jewish cemetery in Potsdam . Like all Jews in Germany, Selma Neumann was gradually robbed of her entire property, including through the so-called Jewish property tax . Her property was banned and in 1938 she had to meticulously list all her possessions, including family heirlooms and wedding favors. Step by step, all of their property was confiscated. She herself was arrested and taken to Berlin. On August 19, 1942, the now 80-year-old lady was deported from Berlin on the 45th old-age transport to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . Three days before her death, the valuable furniture was auctioned off, and the neighbors won the bid. She did not survive the deportation for long; she died on September 27, 1942 in Theresienstadt. Enteritis is the cause on the death notice . Daughter, son-in-law and grandson were able to emigrate to London in early 1939 and thus survive the Shoah . Charlotte Schreiber died on November 26, 1975. She and her husband are buried at the Jewish cemetery in Berlin-Weißensee . A memorial inscription on her husband's grave in Potsdam commemorates Selma Neumann.
	ALBERT ROSENBAUM JG LIVED HERE . 1875 DEPORTED GHETTO WARSAW ? ? ?	Körnerweg 4	Albert Rosenbaum , also Bernhard Rosen , was born on June 17, 1875 in Berlin. He was the youngest of four children and grew up in Prenzlauer Berg . First he attended the Luisenstädtische Gymnasium , later a Realgymnasium. After graduating from school, he began an apprenticeship as a bank clerk, but broke it off to try his luck as an actor. In 1895 he took the stage name Bernhard Rosen . He participated in several Berlin theaters. In Potsdam's Walhalla Theater he met Betty Bukofzer (see below), an employee in the director's office, his future wife, who was known for her beautiful voice. During the First World War he served as an infantryman in Romania. Here, too, he took on engagements, for example at the theater in Focsani . On August 17, 1917, he married his Betty while on home leave. The couple had two sons: Eric, who completed an apprenticeship as a waiter and was able to emigrate to Philadelphia in time, and Gerhard, who was sent to England on a children's transport. In 1928 the family moved from Berlin to Babelsberg , at Körnerweg 4. In 1935 Albert Rosenbaum was excluded from the Reichstheaterkammer for racist reasons and was no longer allowed to perform. The couple lost the house through forced sale and had to move out in 1942. They came to a collective flat at Grossbeerenstrasse 98 and were deported from there to the Warsaw ghetto a little later . Albert Rosenbaum died there that same year. His wife was later pronounced dead. The sons survived in emigration. Gerhard later went to his brother Eric in the USA.
	HERE LIVED BETTY ROSE TREE GEB. BUKOFZER JG. 1891 GHETTO DEPORTED WARSAW ? ? ?	Körnerweg 4	Betty Rosenbaum born Bukofzer was born on November 26, 1891 in Bromberg (Poland). Her parents were Julius Bukofzer and Luiza geb. Karov. She moved to Potsdam and took a position in the management office of the Walhalla Theater . She had a beautiful voice, sang in the synagogue choir and also as a soloist with piano accompaniment. At her workplace she got to know the actor Albert Rosenbaum (see above). During the First World War he was drafted, but the two stayed in contact. On August 17, 1917, while her fiancé was on leave from the front, the two married. The couple had two sons: Eric, who completed an apprenticeship as a waiter and was able to emigrate to Philadelphia in time, and Gerhard, who was sent to England on a children's transport. In 1928 the family moved from Berlin to Babelsberg , at Körnerweg 4. In 1935, her husband was banned from working, and they were subsequently forced to sell the house and move to a collective apartment at Grossbeerenstraße 98. A little later the couple were deported to the Warsaw ghetto . The husband died there that same year. Betty Rosenbaum was also murdered by the Nazi regime, in an unknown location on an unknown date. She was later pronounced dead. The sons survived in emigration. Gerhard later went to his brother Eric in the USA.
	HERE LIVED ELISABETH SALINGER GEB. BRESLAUER JG. 1870 DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 20.2.1943	Jägerallee 25	Elisabeth Salinger (born Breslauer on November 1, 1870 in Berlin) was the fourth of five children of Heinrich Breslauer and Ida, geb. Cook. One of her two brothers was the future architect Alfred Breslauer . In 1895 she married Paul Salinger , b. 1865 in Berlin, also an architect (see below). Brother and husband ran a successful architecture office together for decades. The couple had at least one daughter, Charlotte. Because of their advanced age, the Salingers were convinced that they had nothing to fear and stayed in Germany. However, they had to fill out a declaration of assets on October 2, 1942 and were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp the next day. The man died there on November 26, 1942, the woman on February 20, 1943. The daughter was able to survive the Shoah . She had married the doctor Arnold Benfey and emigrated with him to the United States in 1936. After the fall of the Nazi regime, they both returned to Germany in 1961. Arnold Benfey died on July 22, 1962 in Munich, his wife on August 23, 1982 in Oberstdorf . At least two of her siblings were also able to survive the Shoah: Alfred Breslauer (1866–1954) and Lene Breslauer (1868–1956).
	PAUL SALINGER JG LIVED HERE . 1,865 deported in 1942 THERESIENSTADT TOT 11/26/1942	Jägerallee 25	Paul Salinger
	KURT SAMTER JG LIVED HERE . 1882 DEPORTED 1942 RIGA MURDERED MARCH 1942	Alt Nowawes 36	Kurt Samter was born on November 17, 1882 in Wolsztyn (German: Wollstein ) in the province of Posen. In 1910 he came to Potsdam. Around 15 years later he was registered at Französische Straße 25, the headquarters of Julius Zielenziger's flour, grain and animal feed company. He first became an authorized signatory, later the owner of the company. On October 1, 1939, Samter moved to Babelsberger Wilhelmstrasse 36, today Alt Nowawes 36. Margot Falkenburg (see above) sublet lived with him. The house was owned by the Jewish Abraham family, had to be forcibly sold in 1940 and then served as collective accommodation for Jewish citizens. Kurt Samter was deported on January 13, 1942 with the first transport from Potsdam via Berlin to Riga , together with Margot Falkenburg and other Jews from Babelsberg. The surviving Johanna Rosenthal reports: “In the course of Thursday we [...] received the request to meet at the Gestapo on Friday morning at 8 o'clock [...] we were then locked up for two days. Sunday, January 11th we went to Berlin with covered cars to be connected to a transport. " All cash and papers were taken from the deportees. In the Riga ghetto they lived under inhumane conditions at temperatures of up to 40 degrees Celsius. Kurt Samter died there in mid-March 1942 of starvation and frostbite. At the end of April 1942, his apartment in Potsdam was cleared and his household items were auctioned.
	HERE LIVED FRITZ STUDENTS JG. 1894 IN RESISTANCE / SPD 'SCHUTZHAFT' 1933 MISTRADED / RELEASED ARRESTED 1941 'HEIMTÜCKEGESETZ' MURDERED 5.12.1942 SACHSENHAUSEN	Grossbeerenstrasse 152	Fritz Schüler was born on October 4, 1894 in Ketzin . He married Hertha geb. Kleinschmager, born in Potsdam in 1896. The couple had four children, including Horst Schüler (born 1924). Fritz Schüler was a reader of water consumption meters at the Charlottenburg waterworks , a staunch social democrat and a works councilor until 1933. He started a protest when the company's Jewish director was dismissed. Due to his political convictions and his rejection of the Nazi regime, he was often in trouble, and was also picked up from his apartment by the SA and detained. He came home with a bruised face, but the family didn't talk about it. On March 3, 1942, he was sentenced to six months' imprisonmentfor offenses against the so-called treachery law , which he served in Moabit Prison . After his release he was transferred to the remand prison on Lindenstrasse and from there to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where he died on December 5, 1942. A few days after his death, his wife received the ashes in a tin can. It was still labeled Green Beans . A few weeks later, Hertha Schüler also died.
	BERTHA SIMONSOHN GEB. LIVED HERE. GERSMANN JG. 1876 DEPORTED 1943 THERESIENSTADT DEAD 17.6.1943	Brandenburger Strasse 19	Bertha Simonsohn born Gersmann was born on July 1, 1876 in Schneidemühl . She married Max Simonsohn (1873-1940), a businessman. The couple had three sons: Richard, Ludwig and Ernst. The family ran a shop at Brandenburger Strasse 19. Bertha Simonsohn is said to have been a fun-loving woman who spent a lot of time with her children and was also very interested in culture. She regularly visited her son Richard and daughter-in-law Hertha in Berlin-Charlottenburg. The daughter-in-law should have good contact and a. with Erich Kästner . The Nazi regime obtained the forced sale of the house and property, and the proceeds were posted to an account that was not accessible to her. She urgently needed the money for the medical care of her seriously ill husband. After his death she moved to Waisenstrasse 57, in a house that had formerly belonged to her uncle James Gersmann, the last chairman of the synagogue community. Now it served as collective accommodation for the robbed Potsdam Jews. Bertha Simonsohn was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on April 19, 1943 with the 86th transport for the elderly . Two months later, on June 17, 1943, she died there. There is still a touching farewell letter to her children.
	HERE LIVED PAUL WALLICH JG. 1882 HUMILIATED / DISRUSTED ESCAPE TO DEATH 11/11/1938	Weinbergstrasse 36	Paul Wallich was born on August 10, 1882 in the Villa Schöningen in Potsdam, the son of Hermann Wallich (1833–1928), one of the founding directors of Deutsche Bank . He studied philosophy and economics in Freiburg and Munich and then worked in German and international banks, in New York and Berlin. From 1910, Wallich and his family used Villa Schöningen, at least in the summer months. Villa Schöningen, Potsdam He eventually became a partner in J. Dreyfus & Co. , one of the most important private banks in the Weimar Republic. He belonged to the Gesellschaft der Freunde , a Jewish aid organization in Berlin, until its forced dissolution in 1935. In May 1938, the Dreyfuß Bank was forced into liquidation by the National Socialists, and Paul Wallich was appointed liquidator. After the so-called Reichskristallnacht he committed suicide on November 11, 1938. His wife and three children left Germany in the 1930s. His son Henry C. Wallich (1914–1988) later became professor of economics at Yale University . The villa was confiscated and " Aryanized " by the Nazi regime .
	HERE LIVED ERNA WELL BORN LIPPER JG. 1,895 deported in 1942 RIGA STUTTHOF 1944 MURDERED	Babelsberg Stahnsdorfer Straße 90 (formerly Ufastraße 92)	Erna Wohl born Lipper was born on June 2, 1895 in Jauer as the daughter of Berta and Viktor Lipper. She married the businessman Siegfried Wohl (see below) and became a housewife. The couple lived in Dramburg in Pomerania and had three children: daughter Hannelore was born in 1922, daughter Inge two years later and finally son Gerhard in 1928. In the family there was poetry, music and sports. After the National Socialists came to power in 1933, the situation for the family in Darmburg became untenable due to anti-Semitic excesses. The family sold the house and fled to Babelsberg . The sales proceeds were frozen by the National Socialists in a blocked account. In Babelsberg, the Wohls had to sublet a room to make ends meet. In 1936 the eldest daughter was brought to safety in Palestine. The couple wanted to emigrate to the United States via Chile with their two younger children. Although luggage had already been sent in advance, the company failed. On January 13, 1942, Erna Wohl, her husband and the two younger children were deported to Riga. There all four were murdered by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah .
	GERHARD WOHL JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1928 1942 RIGA MURDERED	Babelsberg Stahnsdorfer Straße 90 (formerly Ufastraße 92)	Gerhard Wohl
	INGE WOHL JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1924 1942 RIGA MURDERED MAY 1944	Babelsberg Stahnsdorfer Straße 90 (formerly Ufastraße 92)	Inge Wohl
	SIEGFRIED WOHL JG LIVED HERE . DEPORTED 1889 1942 RIGA MURDERED	Babelsberg Stahnsdorfer Straße 90 (formerly Ufastraße 92)	Siegfried Wohl was born on August 13, 1889 in Bublitz , West Pomerania. He was a businessman and born with Erna. Lipper (see above) married. The couple had three children, Hannelore (born 1922), Inge (born 1924) and Gerhard (born 1928). The family originally lived in Dramburg , Pomerania , now in Poland. After the National Socialists came to power, pogroms broke out there. The Wohls had to sell their house, but could not dispose of the proceeds. They fled to Babelsberg. The assets were in a blocked account and only after multiple inquiries did they once receive 700 RM for their necessities. In order to alleviate the material hardship, the family had to take in two lodgers, Charlotte Henschel and Regina Hirschberg. Intensive preparations for the planned escape to Chile failed. Siegfried Wohl was deported to Riga in 1942 with his wife, younger daughter and son . All four family members were murdered as part of the Shoah . The lodgers were also deported and murdered. The only family member who could survive the Nazi regime was their daughter Hannelore. She lived in Palestine, got married and was then called Khana Zinderman . She submitted death notices to Yad Vashem for all murdered members of her family and for two victims from her husband's family.
	HERE LIVED ANNA TARGET ZIGER GEB. LANDSBERGER JG. 1867 ESCAPE HOLLAND interned WESTERBORK TOT 11/22/1943	Brandenburger Strasse 19	Anna Zielenziger born Landsberger was born on June 1, 1867 in Glogau , Silesia . She had two siblings, Else and Felix. All three children received a good education. At the age of 21 she married Julius Zielenziger, a successful entrepreneur and sworn expert for flour, grain and animal feed. From 1916 he was a city councilor in Potsdam. For forty years he was a board member of the Potsdam synagogue community, and from 1934 he was its chairman. He was also an honorary member of the Potsdam merchants' association, treasurer of the Chamber of Commerce and senior president of the Prussian State Association of Jewish Communities. The wife also took on a number of representative tasks, such as the chairmanship of the Israelite Women's Association or the advisor at the Potsdam Girls' Home . V. The couple had two children: Kurt and Gertrud. The daughter married Richard Fränkel and emigrated to Haifa at the end of 1933 . Son Kurt also married, he had a son, Wolfgang Erich, who became the star of his grandmother's eyes. Anna and Julius Zielenziger also prepared for emigration. In October 1937 the entry permit to Palestine was received , but Julius died unexpectedly at the beginning of 1938. Anna decided the following year to emigrate to Amsterdam to live with her son Kurt. But here, too, the living conditions worsened and she was only allowed to use 500 Reichsmarks per month of her assets. The arrest followed in July 1943. She was taken to the Westerbork transit camp . On November 22, 1943, Anna Zielenziger was murdered by the Nazi regime. Her urn is in the Amsterdam cemetery. Grandson Eric (in New York) and their two daughters (in Haifa) survived.
	AUGUSTE ZÖLLLNER GEB. LIVED HERE. HIRSCHBERG JG. 1,851 deported in 1943 THERESIENSTADT TOT 06/23/1943	Jägerallee 8	Auguste Zöllner b. Hirschberg came from a long-established and prominent Potsdam family who was known far beyond the city's borders. She was born on December 1, 1851. Her older brother Julius Hirschberg (1843-1925) was a famous ophthalmologist, professor at the Friedrich Wilhelm University and owner of an ophthalmological institute in the capital. Brother Rudolf (1850–1926) worked as a banker and was a member of the assembly of representatives of the synagogue community. Brother Wilhelm (1858–1919) was with Meta Hirschberg, geb. Katzmann (1865–1942 Auschwitz) married. The couple lived at Jägerallee 7. Auguste married Julius Zöllner (December 5, 1839 - June 17, 1891). The couple had two children. She lost her husband at an early age and also survived both children, they died in 1910 and 1939 respectively. She inherited the house at Jägerallee 8, where she finally spent her old age alone. The National Socialists systematically robbed the old lady and also prevented her from prematurely reducing the proceeds through donations . At the age of 91 she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on June 16, 1943 with the 91st Alterstransport , where she died a week later. A representative family burial place of the Hirschbergs exists in the Jewish cemetery in Potsdam . Only her nephew Fritz Hirschberg, a doctor, son of her brother Wilhelm, who had emigrated to Norway in 1939, could survive.

See also

• List of places with stumbling blocks

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Potsdam  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Stumbling blocks in Potsdam

supporting documents

1. ↑ Potsdam's latest news : “Stumbling block” for Oberkantor Gutmann . December 13, 2007
2. ↑ ^{a b} The 30th stumbling block for Potsdam . In: Märkische Allgemeine , March 20, 2017
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} State capital Potsdam: Press release 780 , accessed on December 10, 2019
4. ^ ^{A b} State capital Potsdam: Julius and Marta Back, b. Lippmann . accessed on September 25, 2018
5. ↑ holocaust.cz: BACK JULIUS: DEATH CERTIFICATE, GHETTO TEREZÍN . accessed on September 25, 2018
6. ^ ^{A b} State capital Potsdam: Franz Bernhard . accessed on September 24, 2018
7. ↑ holocaust.cz: FRANZ BERNHARD . accessed on September 24, 2018
8. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : HEINRICH J BERNHARD . with an excerpt from the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 , ed. from the Federal Archives in Koblenz, accessed on September 16, 2018
9. ^ ^{A b} State capital Potsdam: Theodor and Helene Dornbusch, b. Rheingold . accessed on September 25, 2018
10. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names has two entries about Helen Dornbusch, both accessed on September 25, 2018:
    • HELENE DORNBUSCH . with an extract from the Berlin Memorial Book of the Jewish Victims of National Socialism, Free University Berlin , Central Institute for Social Science Research, Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1995,
    • HELENE DORNBUSCH . with an excerpt from the memorial book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny 1933–1945 , ed. from the Federal Archives in Koblenz.
11. ↑ State capital Potsdam: Margot Falkenburg, b. Brewer . accessed on September 12, 2018
12. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : PAULA GORMANNS . with an extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives in Koblenz, accessed on September 16, 2018
13. ^ State capital Potsdam: Family Gormanns . accessed on September 16, 2018 (there a number of incorrect dates of birth)
14. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : SIEGFRIED GORMANNS . with an extract from the memorial book of the Federal Archives in Koblenz, accessed on September 16, 2018
15. ^ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : WALTER DAVID GORMANNS . Brother's death report, accessed September 16, 2018
16. ^ State capital Potsdam: Samuel Guttmann . accessed on September 21, 2018
17. ^ State capital Potsdam: Dr. Gustav Herzfeld . accessed on September 22, 2018
18. ↑ After 1945 David Levin went to Israel in a kibbutz, later he worked as a music teacher. See Guido Berg: Sound of a childhood in Potsdam . Potsdam Latest News , July 31, 2010
19. ↑ The Central Databank of Shoah Victims' Names has three reports about Fritz Hirschbruch, all accessed on September 22, 2018:
    • FRITZ HIRSCHBRUCH , with data from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny 1933–1945 , ed. vom BArch ;
    • FRITZ HIRCHBRUCH , with data from the Dutch Oorlogsgravenstichting ;
    • FRITZ HIRSCHBRUCH , testimonial of his cousin Ursel Peiser Hirschbruch.
20. ↑ The Central Databank of Shoah Victims' Names has five reports about Edith Hirschbruch, all accessed on September 22, 2018:
    • EDITH HIRSCHBRUCH , with data from the memorial book - Victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny 1933–1945 , ed. vom BArch ;
    • EDITH HIRSCHBRUCH , with data from the Berlin Memorial Book of the Jewish Victims of National Socialism , ed. from the Free University of Berlin ;
    • EDITH HIRCHBRUCH , with data from the Dutch Oorlogsgravenstichting ;
    • EDITH HIRSCHBRUCH , testimonial of her cousin Hilla Kalkstein geb. Funny;
    • EDITH HIRSCHBRUCH , testimonial of her husband's cousin, Ursel Peiser Hirschbruch.
21. ↑ holocaust.cz: Wilhelm Kann . accessed on September 21, 2018
22. ^ ^{A b c d} State capital Potsdam: Family purchase . with a photograph of the couple Pauline and Emil Kauf in front of their house at Karl-Marx-Straße 8, accessed on September 16, 2018
23. ↑ ^{a b c} State capital Potsdam: Alfred Lehmann . accessed on September 22, 2018
24. ↑ Yad Vashem has three entries on the person, all accessed on December 16, 2019:
    * KAETHE MEYERSTEIN , submitted by a relative, Marion March Dispeker,
    * KÄTHE MEYERSTEIN , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    * KAETHE MEYERSTEIN , based on a Entry in the memorial book of Berlin .
25. ↑ Märkische country seats of the Berlin bourgeoisie , accessed on December 16, 2019
26. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on December 16, 2019:
    * OTTO PAUL MEYERSTEIN , submitted by a relative, Marion March Dispeker,
    * PAUL OTTO MEYERSTEIN , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives.
27. ^ State capital Potsdam: Selma Neumann, b. Horror joke . with a picture of the residential building at Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 13 (formerly Nauener Straße 41), accessed on September 14, 2018
28. ↑ holocaust.cz: Neumann, Selma (death notice) . accessed on September 15, 2018
29. ↑ Searching for traces at the Jewish cemetery in Potsdam . a handout for teaching, ed. from the Association for Jewish Studies e. V., Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2017, pages 42 and 43
30. ^ ^{A b} State capital Potsdam: Albert and Betty Rosenbaum, b. Bukofzer . with a picture of the laying, accessed on September 14, 2018
31. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : BETTY ROSENBAUM . submitted by her son Eric in 1992, accessed September 14, 2018
32. ↑ State capital Potsdam: Paul Salinger and Elisabeth Salinger, b. Breslauer . accessed on September 25, 2018
33. ↑ State capital Potsdam: Kurt Samter . based on a memory report by Johanna Rosenthal, in: Schockenhoff, Volker: “I don't know what happened to you ...”, p. 37, with a picture of the relocation, accessed on September 12, 2018
34. ^ State capital Potsdam: Fritz Schüler . with a portrait of a student, accessed on September 9, 2018
35. ↑ State capital Potsdam: Bertha Simonsohn, b. Gersmann . with a portrait of Simonsohn, accessed on September 9, 2018
36. ↑ Katie Hafner: The house on the bridge. The Schöningen Villa in Potsdam and its residents. Märkischer Verlag, Wilhelmshorst 2004, ISBN 3-931329-36-4
37. ↑ ^{a b c d} Blog Pommerscher Greif eV: Four stumbling blocks for the Wohl family , February 23, 2019
38. ↑ City of Potsdam: Action Stolpersteine: Familie Wohl , accessed on May 4, 2019
39. ↑ ^{a b} Yad Vashem: SIEGFRIED WOHL , based on a report from his daughter, accessed on May 4, 2019
40. ↑ Yad Vashem: CHARLOTTE HENSCHEL , based on an entry in Berlin's Memorial Book of the Jewish Victims of National Socialism, accessed on May 4, 2019
41. ↑ holocaust.cz: REGINA HIRSCHBERG , accessed on May 4, 2019
42. ↑ Märkische Allgemeine : Four new stumbling blocks in Potsdam , February 21, 2019
43. ↑ Yad Vashem: Submitter Khana Zinderman , accessed May 4, 2019
44. ↑ State capital Potsdam: Anna Zielenziger, b. Landsberger . accessed on September 1, 2018
45. ↑ State capital Potsdam: Auguste Zöllner, b. Hirschberg . accessed on September 1, 2018