List of stumbling blocks in Vestland

The list of stumbling blocks in Vestland lists all stumbling blocks in the Norwegian province (Fylke) Vestland . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . The Stolpersteine ​​were designed by the German artist Gunter Demnig and are mostly laid by himself. As a rule, the stumbling blocks are in front of the last self-chosen place of residence of the victim. Stumbling blocks are called snublesteiner in Norwegian .

All stumbling blocks in this province are dedicated to Jewish operas. The first relocations took place in June 2014 in Bergen.

Holocaust in Norway

The second mass deportation took place with the MS Gotenland

Norway was occupied by German troops from April 9, 1940 to May 8, 1945. At that time there were around 2,100 Jewish Norwegians and refugees from Central Europe in the country. Of these, around a thousand people were able to save themselves to neutral and unoccupied Sweden. Immediately after the German troops marched in, smear campaigns against Jews and the Aryanization in Norway began . Step by step, the Jews in the country were robbed of all their belongings. The first mass arrests took place in late autumn 1942. On November 26, 1942, the Norwegian police and Gestapo handed over 532 Norwegian Jews (302 men, 188 women and 42 children) to the SS. They arrived in Stettin on a cargo ship belonging to the North German Lloyd , the Danube , and from there they were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. 346 of them, including all women and children, were murdered in the gas chambers immediately upon arrival on December 1, 1942. 186 men survived the selection and were tattooed with the numbers 79064 to 79249. Only nine of them were able to survive the Shoah . On February 25, another 158 Jews were shipped to Stettin on the Gotenland and brought to Auschwitz via Berlin. 28 men were classified as fit for work, the others murdered immediately. This happened on March 3, 1943.

Stumbling blocks in Vestland

Alver

There is a stumbling block at the Alverstraumen, a strait in the municipality of Alver . Alverstraumen was part of the then independent municipality of Lindås until 2019 .

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	BERNHARD MÜLLER LIVED HERE BORN 1890 DEPORTED 1941 DACHAU KILLED February 13, 1942	Alversund, Radøyvegen 237	Bernhard Müller was born in Radomyśl , Poland, in 1890 . He was a tanner and came to Norway as a labor emigrant via Sweden in January 1939. In the summer of 1939 he succeeded in getting his wife Cyla (also Cecylie, born 1907) and the children Oskar (born 1928) and Berta (born 1932) to Norway on a tourist visa, just before the German invasion of Poland . The family planned to emigrate to South America, where relatives lived, for which capital still had to be raised. The residence permit for Norway was extended for a further six months in December 1939 and May 1940. After the German occupation of the country, emigration was no longer possible. In 1940 Bernhard Müller was hired at LK Sellevolds Lærfabrikk in Alverstraumen north of Bergen. The family moved there. On October 23, 1940, Bernhard Müller was arrested by the German security police. He was first interned in the Ulven camp and from August 1941 in Møllergata 19 in Oslo. On December 17, 1941, he was deported to the Dachau concentration camp . Bernhard Müller lost his life there on February 13, 1942. After her husband's arrest and the loss of income, Cecylie Müller had to support her children on her own. With the support of the watchmaker Herschel Rabinowitz (1891-1942) from Bergen and the Jewish community of Oslo, the family was able to move to Bergen in May 1941. They were arrested there with their children on November 25, 1942. They were brought to Bredtveit prison in Oslo and deported on February 25, 1943 via Stettin and Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Her son Oskar survived the selection, but Cecylie and Berta Müller were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival on March 3, 1943. Oskar Müller was killed during a death march in the spring of 1945. The stumbling blocks for Bernhard Müller's family members lie in Bergen.

Mountains

In Bergen , Norway's second largest city, 17 stumbling blocks were laid at nine addresses.

Stumbling block	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IDA BECKER GEB. LIVED HERE GOLDMAN BORN 1917 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 03/03/1943	Bergen, Welhavens gate 36	Ida Becker née Goldmann, was born on February 4, 1917 in Wizna , Poland . Her parents were Samuel Goldmann and Frida, née Rabinowitz. She came to Norway in 1937 and married Israel Josef Becker in 1939, born in Oslo in 1916. The couple had one son, Sam (born April 1941). On October 26, 1942, the husband was arrested and interned. Ida Becker and her son were arrested on November 25, 1942 and taken to Oslo. There they were imprisoned in Bredtveit prison. On February 25, 1943, they were deported to Stettin on the Gotenland ship, from where they were brought along with 156 other Jews from Norway via Berlin to Auschwitz-Birkenau . Immediately after arriving at the extermination camp on March 3, 1943, Ida Becker and her son were murdered in a gas chamber. Her husband Josef was also murdered by the Nazi regime, presumably also in Auschwitz. The date of his death is unknown.
	ISRAEL JOSEF BECKER LIVED HERE BORN 1916 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED UNKNOWN DAY OF DEATH	Bergen, Welhavens gate 36	Israel Josef Becker was born in Oslo on May 26, 1916. His parents were immigrants from Russia. The father, Hille Becker (born 1885), came from Smolensk , the mother, Judith, nee Zemechman (born 1888), from St. Petersburg . He had two younger siblings: Herman Hirsch (born 1920) and Ada Abigael (born 1922). He attended middle school and then business school. Becker worked as an employee and in 1939 married Ida Goldmann from Poland. The couple had a son, Sam, born in April 1941. On October 26, 1942, Josef Becker was arrested and interned near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was deported to Stettin on the Danube ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Israel Josef Becker was murdered by the Nazi regime. The date of death is unknown. His sister, wife and son were also murdered by the Nazi regime. They were deported to Stettin on the Gotenland ship in February 1943 and murdered in a gas chamber in Auschwitz-Birkenau on March 3, 1943. The stumbling block for his sister was laid in Stavanger. His brother Herman managed to escape to Great Britain, where he fought in the Norwegian Air Force. He died in March 1945 in an attack on the Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen.
	SAM BECKER LIVED HERE BORN 1941 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Bergen, Welhavens gate 36	Sam Becker was born on April 8, 1941. His parents were Israel Josef Becker and Ida, née Goldmann. His father came from Russian emigrants, his mother came from Poland. His father was arrested in late October 1942. On November 25, 1942, Sam, just 1 year old, was arrested along with his mother. You were transferred to Bredtveit prison in Oslo. On the night of February 25, 1943, both were deported with the Gotenland to Stettin Poland, then by truck via Berlin to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Immediately after arriving on March 3, 1943, Sam Becker and his mother were murdered in a gas chamber. He was then a year and ten months old. His father was also murdered by the Nazi regime.
	RUBEN BERG LIVED HERE BORN IN 1920 DEPORTED IN 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED ON AN UNKNOWN DATE	Bergen, Ibsens gate 84	Ruben Berg was born in Oslo on January 20, 1920. He had a twin brother, Magnus, and three other siblings. His parents, Abraham and Sofie Berg, died in 1921. The children were placed with various Jewish families in Oslo and Trondheim. Ruben and his twin brother Magnus finally came to the newly founded Jewish orphanage in Oslo in 1923/24. Ruben Berg became a seaman and worked as a machinist on the MS Oslofjord. In autumn 1942 he found work in Laksevåg, a district of Bergen. He lived in Kronstad in Bergen and was arrested on November 3, 1942. Ruben Berg was interned in the Bergen District Prison and a week later transferred to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was first transported to Akershuskaia, then on the Danube cargo ship to Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Ruben Berg was murdered by the Nazi regime. The date of his death is unknown.
	HERE LIVED ALICE PINK Borinsky GEB. BIRNBAUM BORN 1892 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Bergen, Welhavens gate 73	Alice Rosa Borinski b. Birnbaum was born on July 5, 1892 in Berlin-Friedrichsfelde . She married Paul Borinski, born in Königshütte in 1881. The couple had two children, Annelise and Fritz. In February 1940 the couple fled from Hamburg to Norway. Paul Borinski was arrested on October 26, 1942, and in November 1942 he was deported on the freighter Danube to Stettin and from there to Auschwitz-Birkenau and murdered. Alice Rosa Borinski was also arrested on January 6, 1943. She was taken to the Bergen District Prison and two weeks later to Bredtveit Prison in Oslo. On February 25, 1943, she was deported on the freighter Gothenburg and also came from Stettin to Auschwitz. Alice Rosa Borinski was also murdered in a gas chamber immediately after arriving in Auschwitz on March 3, 1943. Both children were able to flee in time, their daughter to Switzerland and their son to Palestine.
	HERE LIVED PAUL Borinsky BORN 1881 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 01/12/1942	Bergen, Welhavens gate 73	Paul Borinski was born on April 24, 1881 in Königshütte. He became a chemist and married Alice Rosa, née Birnbaum, from Berlin. The couple had two children, Anneliese and Fritz. In February 1940, he and his wife fled from Hamburg to Norway. On October 26, 1942, Paul Borinski was arrested and transferred to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. One month later he was deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship. From there he was taken to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp , where Paul Borinski was murdered in a gas chamber immediately after his arrival on December 1, 1942. His wife was also murdered in a gas chamber in Auschwitz-Birkenau on March 3, 1943. Both children were able to survive the Nazi regime because they fled in time - the daughter to Switzerland and the son to Palestine.
	HERE LIVED FRANZ DAUS BORN 1896 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 12/13/1942	Bergen, Søndre Bellevue 19	Franz Daus was born on November 16, 1896 in Hamburg. His parents, James Daus and Anna, née Marcus, had converted to the Lutheran evangelical faith the year before he was born. They belonged to the political and cultural elite of the Hanseatic city. In 1912 Franz Daus visited Norway for the first time, where there were friendly contacts with the Beyer family in Bergen. He served as a volunteer in World War I and was captured by the French in 1915. In 1920 he returned from captivity. He was awarded the Iron Cross Second Class and the Hanseatic Cross for his services to the front . Daus studied law and philosophy at the universities of Hamburg, Freiburg and Jena until 1923. In his spare time he worked as a cellist. In 1921 he married Elly Jasper, the daughter of Marine Adjutant Gisbert Jasper. The couple had two children, Martin and Peter. From 1927 he worked as a judge at the Hamburg district court. The marriage ended in divorce in 1931. In 1933 Franz Daus lost his position as judge due to his Jewish descent. Franz Daus was arrested in 1937. He spent two years in the Glasmoor penitentiary . He left Germany immediately after his release. He had a temporary passport for Norway, where he was taken in by the Beyer family. Daus learned Norwegian, made contact with the Waldersfolenschule in Bergen and taught private students how to play the cello. Franz Daus was arrested on October 26, 1942 and taken to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. A month later he was deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Franz Daus was murdered by the Nazi regime on December 13, 1942.
	JULIUS EIDENBOM LIVED HERE BORN 1871 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Bergen, C. Sundts gate 18	Julius Eidenbom was born on September 10, 1871 in Rajgród , Poland. He went to Norway in 1892 and established himself as a merchant in Bergen. In 1903 he opened a men's fashion store in Strandgaten. After the great fire of 1916, he worked in his brother Isaac's shop. Four years later he took over the business and the following year he also changed the company name to his name. With effect from December 31, 1941, he sold. Julius Eidenbom was arrested on October 26, 1942 and taken to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. He was released on November 7th, but only to be arrested again in Bergen on November 25th, 1942. The German occupiers moved him to Bredtveit prison in Oslo and deported him in February 1943. Julius Eidenbom was murdered on March 3, 1943 in Auschwitz. His nephews Moritz Rabinowitz (1887-1942) and Herschel Rabinowitz (1891-1942) were also killed by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah , as was Moritz Rabinowitz's family (daughter, son-in-law and grandchild). The stumbling block for Moritz Rabinowitz lies in Haugesund in Rogaland, the one for Herschel Rabinowitz in Bergen and the stumbling blocks for the other family members were moved to Etne (Skånevik).
	HERE LIVED HANS PAUL WILHELM HUSZÁR BORN 1914 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 01/16/1943	Bergen, Welhavens gate 62	Hans Paul Wilhelm Huszár was born on July 31, 1914 in Nordhausen . His parents were Bartholomeus Huszár (1878-1935) and Vilma, née Kornfeld (born 1884). His parents came from Budapest. The family came to Norway when Hans was one year old. At the age of 18 he converted to Catholicism. He attended the arts and crafts school in Bergen, took private lessons and became a cartoonist. In the spring of 1940 he took part in the fighting against the German invaders in western Norway. He later joined the resistance. On October 26, 1942, Hans Huszár was arrested and taken to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was deported on the freighter Danube . When he arrived in Auschwitz a week later, he was assigned to forced labor. Hans Paul Wilhelm Huszár lost his life on January 16, 1943. His mother, Vilma, was arrested on November 26, 1942, but was released. Presumably because of her Hungarian citizenship, she was not deported. She found accommodation in a Catholic hospital in Bergen and was able to survive the Nazi occupation there.
	ISAK LEIB MARIANSON LIVED HERE BORN 1889 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 2/17/1943	Bergen, Magnus Barfots gate 11	Isak Leib Marianson , also Mariason, was born in Smolensk , Russia , in 1889 . He came to Norway in 1913 and eventually settled in Bergen as a merchant. He remained unmarried. On June 28, 1941, Isak Leib Marianson was arrested and taken to the Ulven Police Detention Center. On March 13, 1942, he was transferred to the Grini Police Detention Center and in August of the same year to Kvænangen in Northern Norway. On November 22, 1942, a chain of deportations began that ended with his death - back to Grini, then with the MS Monte Rosa to Aarhus and from there in a cattle wagon to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Isaac Leib Marianson was killed by the Nazi regime on February 17, 1943.
	BERTA MÜLLER LIVED HERE BORN 1932 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Bergen, Møhlenprisbakken 4a	Berta Müller was born on February 14, 1932 in Krakow , Poland. Her parents were Bernhard Müller, a tanner, and Cyla, nee Neumann, also called Cecylie. She had a brother, Oskar, who was about four years older than her. In 1939 the family emigrated to Norway, just in time for the German invasion of Poland . Her father came to Norway as a migrant worker, the other family members came to Norway on tourist visas. The other goal was to flee to South America, but the means were lacking. After the occupation of Norway by Hitler's Germany, the family could no longer leave the country. On October 23, 1940, her father was arrested and interned. The family lived in Alverstraumen at the time. After that, her mother struggled to get through with herself and the children. In May 1941 Berta Müller, her brother and her mother moved to Bergen. All three were arrested there on November 25, 1942. They were taken to Bredtveit prison in Oslo and, from February 25, 1943, were deported to Stettin on the Rotenburg cargo ship and then in cattle wagons via Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Berta Müller and her mother were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival on March 3, 1943. Her father had already been murdered a year earlier, on February 13, 1942, in the Dachau concentration camp . Her brother, then almost fifteen years old, survived the selection and was assigned to forced labor, but he probably died during a death march in the spring of 1945.
	CECYLIE (CYLA) MÜLLER LIVED HERE BORN 1907 DEPORTED IN 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Bergen, Møhlenprisbakken 4a	Cecylie Müller , called Cyla, was born on February 27, 1907 in Nowy Targ , Poland, her parents were Jakob Neumann and his wife Blima and Jakob Neuman. She was married to Bernhard Müller (born 1890) from Radomysl, Poland. The couple had two children, Oscar (born 1928) and Bertha (born 1932). Her husband managed to get a work visa for Norway, and in July 1939 Cyla Müller followed her husband with the children with tourist visas. The family wanted to flee to South America, but the funds were lacking. After the occupation of Norway by Hitler's Germany, the family could no longer leave the country. On October 23, 1940, her husband was arrested and interned. The family lived in Alverstraumen at the time. After her husband's arrest and the loss of income, Cecylie Müller had to support her children on her own. With the support of the watchmaker Herschel Rabinowitz (1891-1942) from Bergen and the Jewish community of Oslo, the family was able to move to Bergen in May 1941. Cecylie Müller and her children were arrested there on November 25, 1942. They were brought to Bredtveit prison in Oslo and deported on February 25, 1943 via Stettin and Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Her son Oskar survived the selection, but Cecylie and Berta Müller were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival on March 3, 1943. Oskar Müller was probably killed during a death march in the spring of 1945.
	OSCAR MÜLLER LIVED HERE BORN 1928 DEPORTED IN 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED JAN. 1945	Bergen, Møhlenprisbakken 4a	Oscar Müller was born on June 30, 1928 in Chorzów , which was then Polish . His parents were Bernhard Müller, a tanner, and Cyla, née Neumann, also called Cecylie. His sister Berta was born in 1932. In 1939 the family emigrated to Norway, just in time for the German invasion of Poland . The goal was to flee to South America, but the means were lacking. After the occupation of Norway by Hitler's Germany, the family could no longer leave the country. On October 23, 1940, the father was arrested and interned. The family lived in Alverstraumen at the time. After that, the mother found it difficult to get through with herself and the children. In May 1941 Oscar Müller, his sister and his mother moved to Bergen. All three were arrested there on November 25, 1942. They were brought to Bredtveit prison in Oslo and on February 25, 1943, deported to Stettin by cargo ship Rotenburg and then in cattle wagons via Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp . His mother and sister were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival on March 3, 1943. Oskar Müller, at the age of 14, survived the selection and had to do forced labor. According to survivors, he was still alive in January 1945. After that there is no longer any trace of him. It is very likely that he died during a death march in the spring of 1945. The stumbling block for his father, he was murdered on February 13, 1942 in the Dachau concentration camp , lies in Alverstraumen.
	HERE LIVED Herschel HERMANN RABINOWITZ BORN 1891 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 22.12.1942	Bergen, Strandgaten 53	Herschel Hermann Rabinowitz was born on October 30, 1891 in Rajgród , Poland. He was the youngest son of Isaac Levy Rabinowitz and Chaia Rosa, née Eidenbom. He had a brother, Moritz Rabinowitz (1887-1942) and two sisters, Etka and Fradlia. Rabinowitz was a trained watchmaker. At the request of his brother, he emigrated to Haugesund in Norway in 1914 to support him in his business. In 1920 Herschel Rabinowitz moved to Bergen and established himself as a businessman. In 1924 the brothers married two sisters from the Goldberg family. His wife, Rosa, born in Landsberg in 1894, died in 1934. The marriage remained childless. Herschel Rabinowitz was arrested on October 26, 1942 and interned in the Berg internment camp outside Tønsberg. A month later he was deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there in a cattle wagon to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Herschel Hermann Rabinowitz was killed on December 22, 1942. His brother Max and his family as well as his uncle Julius Eidenbom were also murdered by the Nazi regime as part of the Shoah . Stumbling blocks for his relatives are in Bergen, Etne and Haugesund.
	HERE LIVED JOSEPH HIRSCH SCHECHTER BORN 1892 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED January 1943	Bergen, Skivebakken 25 B	Joseph Hirsch Schechter was born on July 2, 1892 in Elisabethgrad , Ukraine . He studied violin at the Royal Conservatory in Dresden, became a violinist and married Johanna Franke, born in 1897. The marriage failed. In 1919 he emigrated to Norway. From 1920 to 1928 he was first violinist in the Bergen Symphony Orchestra. In 1924 he was appointed 2nd concertmaster. Towards the end of the 1930s he had several commissions as a soloist with the Bergen Radio Ensemble. Joseph Hirsch Schechter was arrested on October 26, 1942 in Bergen and taken by train to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. A month later he was deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp in a cattle wagon . Joseph Schechter was killed by the Nazi regime on January 14, 1943.
	HERE LIVED CARL SCHEER BORN 1906 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 06/07/1943	Bergen, Wolffs gate 5	Carl Scheer was born on May 14, 1906 in Trondheim . He was the eldest of seven children of David Scheer and his wife Sara, née Steinfeld. His father was a businessman. When he was two years old, his family moved to Bergen. After primary school he attended Anthon Johansen's handelsskole, a business school in Bergen. He entered his father's business, the Grand Magasin , and eventually became a managing director. In 1928 he bought a license himself and had the business Centrumsmagasinet registered in Bergen. In February 1940 his father died. The following year Carl Scheer got engaged to Mirjam Laks, who lived in Oslo. During the action against the male Jews on October 26, 1942, he was in Oslo, but was not caught because he was registered in Fana, a district of Bergen, and did not appear on the lists of the Oslo State Police. Two days later, however, he was admitted to the Rikshospitalet in Oslo because of severe abdominal pain. He was arrested from the hospital, taken to Bredtveit prison and deported on November 26th together with the brothers Benjamin, Harry and Leonard. They came to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp in cattle wagons. Carl Scheer was murdered there on June 7, 1943. His three brothers were killed in 1943. The stumbling blocks for Benjamin and Leonard Scheer are in Oslo. His mother and sisters Lilly, Amalie and Esther survived the Shoah and were able to flee to Sweden in December 1942.
	HERE LIVED HARRY HIRSCH SCHEER BORN 1913 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED August 1943	Bergen, Wolffs gate 5	Harry Hirsch Scheer was born on September 19, 1913 in Bergen. His parents were the merchant David Scheer (1876-1940) and Sara, née Steinfeld (born 1880). His father was from Estonia and his mother from Sweden. He had six siblings: Carl, Lilly, Benjamin, Amalie, Esther and Leonard. After attending business school, he worked as a salesman. On October 26, 1942, he was arrested during the nationwide campaign against all male Jews and initially imprisoned for a month in the Berg internment camp outside Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942 - together with all three brothers - on the freighter Danube to Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp . He survived the selection, got an inmate number tattooed on him and was assigned to forced labor. Harry Hirsch Scheer died in early September 1943. All of the brothers were killed in Auschwitz during 1943. The stumbling blocks for Benjamin and Leonard Scheer are in Oslo. His mother and three sisters survived the Shoah and were able to flee to Sweden in December 1942.

Etne

Skånevik is part of the Etne municipality . Three stumbling blocks were laid in this village.

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	EDITH REICHWALD GEB. LIVED HERE RABINOWITZ BORN 1918 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3/3/1943	Skånevik, Skånevikvegen 10	Edith Reichwald , née Rabinowitz, was born on August 16, 1918 in Haugesund . She was the only child of Moritz Rabinowitz and his wife Johanne, née Goldberg. She spent her childhood with her mother in Bergen. She became a ballet dancer, her mother died in 1939. In the same year she married Hans Reichwald (born 1916) from Vienna. The couple first settled in Kristiansand , and later in the small village of Skånevik in Etne in Sunnhordaland. In 1940 their only child, son Harry, was born. In May 1941 her father, whose open demeanor against anti-Semitism was a thorn in the side of the Nazis, was arrested and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . He died there in February 1942. On October 26, 1942, at German instigation, her husband was arrested and deported to Auschwitz. Edith Reichwald went with her son to her mother-in-law, Jeanette Reichwald, who lived in the Frafjord near Stavanger. The two women and Harry were also arrested on November 25, 1942 and taken to Bredtveit prison in Oslo. From there they were deported to Stettin on the troop transport ship Gothenburg and then on to the Auschwitz extermination camp in a cattle wagon via Berlin . Immediately after arriving on March 3, 1943, Edith Reichwald was murdered in a gas chamber by the Nazi regime together with her son and mother-in-law Her husband Hans Reichwald died in Auschwitz in January 1945.
	HERE LIVED HANS REICH FOREST BORN 1916 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 01/17/1945	Skånevik, Skånevikvegen 10	Hans Reichwald was born in Vienna on September 29, 1916 . His parents were Jacob Reichwald and Jeanette, née Storch. He had an older brother, Wilhelm, born in 1913. Hans Reichwald was a trained mechanical engineer. In 1936 his brother was adopted by Julius Fein and Rösi, née Storch, his mother's brother-in-law and sister, who had remained childless. Wilhelm Reichwald was able to travel to Norway because his adoptive parents lived in Stavanger. The Norwegian relatives also managed to get immigration papers for Hans Reichwald and his parents and in 1938 the rest of the family fled to Norway. In the following year he married Edith, née Rabinowitz, born in Haugesund in 1918 . The couple initially settled in Kristiansand , but then moved to the small village of Skånevik in Etne in Sunnhordaland. This is where his father-in-law, Moritz Rabinowitz, retired after the outbreak of the World War. Hans Reichwald set up his own bicycle workshop in Skånevik. In November 1940 Hans and Edith Reichwald's only child was born, son Harry. In May 1941 his father-in-law, whose open demeanor against anti-Semitism was a thorn in the side of the Nazis, was arrested and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . He died there in February 1942. On October 26, 1942, Hans Reichwald was arrested by the local police officer and taken to the Haugesund police headquarters. From there he was taken to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. In the course of the wave of arrests, his father and uncle were also arrested in Stavanger. The three men were deported to Stettin on November 26, 1942 by freighter Danube and from there in a cattle wagon to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Hans Reichwald survived the selection and got a tattooed number. While he was doing forced labor in the Auschwitz camp, almost his entire family was gradually murdered in the Auschwitz gas chambers. It is not known how much of it he saw. His father was murdered on December 1, 1942, and his uncle in February 1943. On March 3, 1943, his wife and son, mother and aunt died in the gas chambers. Hans Reichwald himself died on January 17, 1945 in Auschwitz after two years of martyrdom. Only his brother could survive the Shoah . He fled to Sweden in December 1942 and thus escaped the National Socialists' access. After the fall of the Nazi regime, he returned to Norway and settled in Bergen. Stumbling blocks for his relatives and his wife's relatives can be found in Bergen, Etne, Haugesund and Stavanger.
	HERE LIVED HARRY RICH FOREST BORN 1940 deported in 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 03/03/1943	Skånevik, Skånevikvegen 10	Harry Reichwald was born on November 23, 1940. He was the only child of Hans Reichwald and Edith, née Rabinowitz. He was arrested with his mother and grandmother on November 25, 1942 in Stavanger. He was then imprisoned for three months in Bredtveit prison in Oslo. At the end of February 1943, Harry Reichwald and his mother were deported on the troop transport ship Gotenland to Aarhus in Denmark and from there via Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Immediately after arriving in Auschwitz on March 3, 1943, Harry Reichwald and his mother were murdered in a gas chamber. Harry Reichwald was 2 years and four months old. Almost his entire family was exterminated by the Nazi regime. The maternal grandfather, Moritz Rabinowitz, was murdered in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in February 1942. The paternal grandparents, Jakob Reichwald and Jeanette, née Storch, were separated, deported to Auschwitz on various transports and each killed in a gas chamber immediately upon arrival. Other relatives such as his great-uncle Herschel Rabinowitz were also sent to the gas chambers. His father was murdered on January 17, 1945 after more than two years of forced labor in the Auschwitz concentration camp. There are stumbling blocks for his relatives in Bergen, Etne, Haugesund and Stavanger.

Kvam

In Ålvik , part of Kvam Municipality , three stumbling blocks were laid at one address.

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	IN Alvik LIVED CLOTHILDE SARA HANAUER GEB. MAYER BORN 1882 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Ålvik, Ålvikvegen 1051	Clothilde Sara Hanauer , née Mayer, was born on November 29, 1882 in Frankfurt am Main as the daughter of Gustav and Philipine Mayer. She married Ferdinand Hanauer and completed a language degree at the University of Frankfurt. The marriage ended in divorce in 1933. She worked as a shorthand typist for many years. In April 1939 she fled to Norway, to Ålvik, where her sister Claire Türkheimer and her son Fritz lived. The nephew worked as a representative for Bjølvefossen AS, an iron casting plant. On December 9, 1942, the sisters Claire and Clothilde were arrested by a local police officer in Ålvik and taken to Bergen County Prison. They remained imprisoned there until December 18, 1942, the day on which the two women were brought to Oslo on a train under the supervision of two police officers, where they were imprisoned in Bredtveit prison. On the night of February 25, 1943, the sisters and 156 other Jews were deported to Stettin on the cargo ship Gotenland , and from there they were deported via Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Immediately after arriving in Auschwitz on March 3, 1943, Clothilde Hanauer and Claire Türkheimer were murdered in a gas chamber by the Nazi regime. Her nephew had been murdered in Auschwitz on January 14, 1943.
	IN Alvik LIVED CLAIRE TURK HEIMER GEB. MAYER BORN 1879 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 3.3.1943	Ålvik, Ålvikvegen 1051	Claire Türkheimer , nee Mayer, was born on April 13, 1879 in Trier as the daughter of Gustav and Philipine Mayer. She had at least one sister, Clothilde. She came to Norway in 1905 and married the tradesman Max Türkheimer, born in Breslau in 1865. The couple had a son, Fritz Josef, born in 1907 in Kristiania , as Oslo was then called. From 1911 she also worked in retail. Her husband died in 1921 and she became a Norwegian citizen in 1925. Her son spent a few years abroad and returned to Norway in 1933. Two years later he found a job in Ålvik and settled there. The mother followed the son. In 1939 her sister also arrived in Ålvik, fleeing from Hitler's Germany. On October 26, 1942, Fritz Türkheimer was arrested on his way to work. A month and a half later, on December 9, 1942, the sisters Claire and Clothilde were also arrested by a local police officer in Ålvik and taken to the Bergen District Prison. They remained imprisoned there until December 18, 1942, the day on which the two women were brought to Oslo on a train under the supervision of two police officers, where they were imprisoned in Bredtveit prison. Claire Türkheimer had asked the Bergen State Police to be detained in the same place as her son. However, he had already been deported to Auschwitz. On the night of February 25, 1943, the sisters and 156 other Jews were deported to Stettin on the cargo ship Gotenland , and from there they were deported via Berlin to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Immediately after arriving in Auschwitz on March 3, 1943, Clothilde Hanauer and Claire Türkheimer were murdered in a gas chamber by the Nazi regime. Her son was murdered in the same place on January 14, 1943.
	IN THIS POINT, FRITZ JOSEF TÜRKHEIMER WAS ARRESTED BORN IN 1907 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 14.1.1943	Ålvik, Ålvikvegen 1051	Fritz Josef Türkheimer was born on February 27th in Kristiania , as Oslo was then called. He was the only child of the Breslau merchant Max Türkheimer (1865-1921) and his wife Claire, née Mayer, who was born in Trier in 1879. His father came to Norway in 1893, founded a trading company for leather and shoes and represented the German company Rosenstern & Co, based in Hamburg. For some time he was chairman of the Israelite Faith Community in Kristiania. Fritz Türkheimer grew up in the Frogner district and completed his Abitur with Latinum at the commercial high school in Oslo in 1925. He studied languages ​​at the University of Oslo and became a member of the Norwegian Student Club. Türkheimer went to Hamburg and worked there as a commercial clerk. He also spent several years in Calcutta and Paris before returning to Oslo in 1933. In 1935 he took a job as a correspondent at Bjølvefossen in Ålvik, a major cast iron works, and lived on the premises in Ålvikbukta in the Hardangerfjord. His mother moved in with him, and in 1939 his aunt, Clothilde Hanauer, who had fled Germany. On October 26, 1942, Fritz Türkheimer was arrested by the Norwegian State Police on the way to the administration building of Bjølvefossen AS and first brought to Bergen, from there to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was deported to Stettin on the freighter Danube and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Fritz Türkheimer was murdered there on January 14, 1943 by the Nazi regime. Seven weeks later, on March 3, 1943, his mother and aunt were also murdered in a gas chamber in Auschwitz.

Laying data

The stumbling blocks in the province of Vestland were laid personally by the artist on the following days:

• June 14, 2014: Bergen (Møhlenprisbakken 4a, Welhavens gate 36, 62 and 73, Wolffs gate 5 (Harry Hirsch Scheer))
• June 4, 2015: Bergen
• August 25, 2017: Kvam
• June 7, 2018: Alvers , Bergen (Wolffs gate 5 (Carl Scheer)), Etne

literature

• Kristian Sebak: ... vi blir neppe nogensinne mange her , Jøder i Bergen 1851-1945

See also

• List of stumbling blocks in Norway
• List of places with stumbling blocks

Web links

Commons : Stumbling Blocks in Norway  - Collection of Images

• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ^ Danuta Czech : Calendar of the events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945 . Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-498-00884-6 , p. 347
2. ↑ Astrid Hygen Meyer: Aldri mer November 26th. In: klassekampen.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
3. ^ Israel Gutman, Eberhard Jäckel, Peter Longerich, Julius H. Schoeps (eds.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust - the persecution and murder of the European Jews. 2nd Edition. Piper, Munich / Zurich, April 1998, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , B. II, pp. 1013-1016, keyword: Norway
4. ↑ BERNHARD MÜLLER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
5. ↑ IDA BECKER, F. GOLDMANN. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b c} SAM BECKER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
7. ↑ ^{a b} ISRAEL JOSEF BECKER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
8. ↑ ADA ABIGAEL BECKER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
9. ↑ RUBEN BERG. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
10. ↑ ALICE ROSA BORINSKI, F. BIRNBAUM. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
11. ↑ PAUL BORINSKI. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
12. ↑ FRANZ DAUS. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
13. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933-1945: Daus, Franz , accessed on May 4, 2020
14. ↑ Snublestein.no: JULIUS EIDENBOM , accessed on April 28, 2020
15. ^ Moritz Rabinowitz. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed May 4, 2020 . 
16. ↑ HANS PAUL WILHELM HUSZÁR. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
17. ↑ Snublestein.no: ISAK LEIB MARIANSON , accessed on April 28, 2020
18. ↑ BERNHARD MÜLLER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed May 5, 2020 . 
19. ↑ BERTHA MÜLLER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
20. ↑ Snublestein.no: CECYLIE (CYLA) MÜLLER, F. NEUMAN , accessed on April 28, 2020
21. ↑ OSCAR MÜLLER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
22. ↑ Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : HERMANN HERCHEL RABINOWITZ , memorial sheet by Guttorm H. Frre from Haugesund (1986), accessed on May 5, 2020
23. ↑ HERSCHEL HERMANN RABINOWITZ. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 22, 2020 . 
24. ↑ JOSEPH HIRSCH SCHECHTER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
25. ↑ ^{a b} CARL SCHEER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
26. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: CARL SCHEER , memorial sheet submitted by his sister Amalie Laksov, accessed on May 6, 2020
27. ↑ ^{a b} HARRY HIRSCH SCHEER. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
28. ↑ according to the inscription on the stumbling block in August 1943
29. ↑ EDITH REICHWALD. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
30. ↑ Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: EDITH REICHWALD , based on Berlin's Memorial Book of the Jewish Victims of National Socialism , accessed on May 6, 2020
31. ↑ HL-SENTERET Senter for studier av Holocaust and livssynsminoriteter: Wilhelm Reichwald , Stavanger Aftenblad, August 10, 2012
32. ↑ HANS REICHWALD. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
33. ↑ Snublesteiner.no: HARRY REICHWALD , accessed on May 4, 2020
34. ↑ Snublesteiner.no: MORITZ RABINOWITZ
35. ↑ Snublesteiner.no: JACOB REICHWALD
36. ↑ Snublesteiner.no: JEANETTE REICHWALD F. STORCH
37. ↑ HARRY REICHWALD. In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
38. ↑ Yad Vashem has two entries on the person, both accessed on May 9, 2020:
    * CLOTHILDE HANAUER , based on the memorial book of the Federal Archives,
    * HANAUER , based on the memorial book of Berlin.
39. ↑ CLOTHILDE SARA HANAUER (1882-1943). In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
40. ↑ ^{a b} snublestein.no: FRITZ JOSEF TÜRKHEIMER (1907-1943) , accessed on May 9, 2020
41. ↑ CLAIRE TÜRKHEIMER (1879-1943). In: snublestein.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
42. ↑ Yad Vashem : CLARA TUERKHEIMER , accessed on May 9, 2020
43. ↑ Yad Vashem has three entries on the person, all accessed on May 9, 2020:
    * FRITZ TUERKHEIMER , based on the Death Books from Auschwitz ,
    * FRITZ TUERKHEIMER , based on a death report from Snorri Bergsson,
    * FRITZ TUERKHEIMER , based on the Relief Committee of the WJC.
44. ↑ snublestein.no: Nedleggelse av snublesteiner i Bergen i 2014 , accessed on April 25, 2020
45. ↑ Etne kommune: Historisk markering i Skånevik June 7th and June 16th 2018

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