List of stumbling blocks in Campania

Stumbling blocks in Naples

The list of stumbling blocks in Campania contains the stumbling blocks in the Italian region of Campania , which remind of the fate of the people from this region who were murdered, deported, displaced or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . The stumbling blocks were laid by Gunter Demnig . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence. Its name is in Italian: pietre d'inciampo .

The first stumbling blocks in this region were laid in Naples on January 4, 2020 .

Jewish history of Naples

For centuries, Naples had an active Jewish community, going through good times and bad, until they were definitively evicted from the city in 1541. A few Jews were recalled by the Bourbons in 1740 , but this time the period of tolerance lasted only seven years. It was not until 1831 that Jews were able to settle permanently in Naples again, but only a few came to the city. The Jewish presence was in particular demand for financial transactions and Carl Mayer von Rothschild was the first to settle here in 1831, set up a banking house and grant the Bourbons a large loan that would enable them to return to the throne of Naples. The Rothschilds lived in today's Villa Pignatelli , which also housed an oratory, and in the 1860s promoted the construction of a synagogue in Via Cappella Vecchia. Around a thousand Jews lived in Naples in the 1920s, the all-time high. After that, the number of local Jews decreased continuously. The Italian racial laws also met the Jewish community of Naples tough. Jews were excluded from numerous professions and were no longer allowed to study. The Neapolitan Jews of Greek origin were expelled and had to return to Greece. Most of them were later deported and murdered from Thessaloniki and Athens as part of the Shoah . In September 1942, 36 young Jews from Naples were assigned to forced labor in agriculture. They came to Tora e Piccilli , a municipality in the province of Caserta . There they made contact with the local population and so at the end of 1942 some Jewish families were able to flee to the small town from Naples before the bombing raids. After the armistice in Cassibile , the locals hid around fifty Jews in the woods and were able to save them from deportation. In a four-day uprising , Naples liberated itself from German occupation at the end of September 1943. As a result, and the subsequent Allied invasion, the Jews who remained in the city were also protected from deportation and murder.

However, 14 Jews from Naples, who had fled the bombings to central and northern Italy, were captured, deported and murdered by German forces. This included the Pacifici family, who lost nine of the eleven family members. After the end of Nazi fascism, the Jewish community in Naples only had 534 members. This number fell to around half in the following decades.

Stumbling blocks in Naples

The table is partially sortable; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

image	translation	Location	Name, life
	IOLE BENEDETTI LIVED HERE BORN 1884 ARRESTED 6/12/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 06/02/1944	Piazza Bovio, 33	Iole Benedetti was born in Florence on May 28, 1884 . Her parents were Davide Benedetti and Enrica Lopes Pegna. At least she had a sister, Elena. She was a housewife and married to Amedeo Procaccia. The couple had three children: Aldo, Ivonne and Elda and three grandchildren (Renato, Paolo and Luciana). In 1918 the family moved to Naples because her husband was Schammes in the local synagogue. The youngest daughter was born in Naples. Daughter-in-law and sons-in-law later also lived in the family unit. The family wanted to get to safety in 1943 and they went to Tuscany together, where the eight of them hid in an old house in Cerasomma, a district of Lucca . They were betrayed and arrested on December 6, 1943. Their daughter Yvonne, her husband and their son was not with them. Iole Benedetti was interned with her seven other family members in Bagni di Lucca . On January 30, 1944, the couple and seven relatives, their son-in-law had been arrested on January 20, 1944, were deported from Milan to Auschwitz on Transport No. 6. The only granddaughter died in the sealed cattle wagon. Iole Benedetti and her husband were murdered in the gas chamber immediately upon arrival on February 6, 1944. Most of her family was murdered in Auschwitz, only her daughter Yvonne was able to save herself and her son Renato.
	MILENA MODIGLIANI LIVED HERE BORN 1915 ARRESTED 6/12/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 6/02/1944	Piazza Bovio, 33	Milena Modigliani was born on September 8, 1915 in Livorno . She was the daughter of Gino Modigliani and Emma Benedetti. She was a housewife and married to Aldo Procaccia. The couple had a son, Paolo (born 1943). The family wanted to get to safety in 1943 and moved to Tuscany with their in-laws and other family members. They were betrayed and Milena Modigliani was arrested together with her husband and son and five other relatives on December 6, 1943 in Cerasomma and was then interned in Bagni di Lucca and in the San Vittore prison in Milan . On January 30, 1944, the camp was closed and the Procaccia couple were deported with seven relatives in Transport No. 6 from the Milano Centrale railway station to Auschwitz. Milena Modigliani was murdered there on February 6, 1944, on the day the transport arrived, together with her son in a gas chamber. Her husband was forced to do labor and was murdered on May 1, 1944.
	ORESTE SERGIO MOLCO LIVED HERE BORN 1911 ARRESTED 20.1.1944 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ DEAD 28.2.1945	Piazza Bovio, 33	Oreste Sergio Molco was born on January 8, 1911 in Viareggio, the son of Augusto and Lina Molco. He was an electrician and married to Ivonne Procaccia and went to his wife's family in Naples. The couple had a son, Renato. The extended family wanted to get to safety in 1943 and moved to Tuscany together. While his in-laws went to Cerasomma with most of the family, Oreste Sergio Molco moved with his wife and son to his hometown. He was arrested on January 20, 1944, his wife and son were not in the house, saw the arrest from a distance and were able to save themselves. He was transferred to Bagni di Lucca , where his in-laws and other family members, who were arrested on December 6, 1943, had been interned for weeks. On January 30, 1944, he and his wife's relatives were deported from Milan to Auschwitz in Transport No. 6. 700 people arrived in Auschwitz with the transport, only 97 men and 31 women survived the selection and were sent to the camp. Oreste Sergio Molco was one of them. Sergio Oreste Molco died on February 28, 1945 as a result of his imprisonment in the camp. The wife and son survived the Shoah and emigrated to Israel.
	LORIS PACIFICI LIVED HERE BORN 1910 ARRIVED 6.12.1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Piazza Bovio, 33	Loris Pacifici was born on June 3, 1910 in Livorno . His parents were Flaminio Ruggero Pacifici and Elisa Servi. He was a sales representative and married to Elda Procaccia. The couple had a daughter, Luciana, born on May 28, 1943 in Naples. The whole family, including his in-laws and his wife's siblings, fled from Naples to Tuscany. Loris Pacifici, his wife and daughter and other relatives were betrayed and arrested on December 6, 1943 in Cerasomma , a district of Lucca . The family was interned in Bagni di Lucca for weeks . On January 30, 1944, the camp was closed and Loris Pacifici and his wife and eight-month-old daughter were deported from Milan to Auschwitz. His daughter froze to death in the sealed cattle wagon. Loris Pacifici, his in-laws and other relatives of his wife were murdered in Auschwitz. His wife was transferred to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and died there.
	LUCIANA PACIFICI LIVED HERE BORN IN 1943 ARRIVED 6/12/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Piazza Bovio, 33	Luciana Pacifici was born in Naples on May 28, 1943. Her parents were Loris Pacifici and Elda Procaccia. The family wanted to get to safety with their grandparents and other relatives and went to Cerasomma, a district of Lucca in Tuscany , in 1943 . They were betrayed and arrested. They were interned for weeks in the newly built camp in Bagni di Lucca. The camp was closed on January 30, 1944 and, at the age of eight months, she was deported from Milan to Auschwitz on Transport No. 6. Luciana Pacifici froze to death in the sealed cattle wagon. Her mother was murdered in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in December 1944 . Her father, her maternal grandparents and other relatives were murdered in Auschwitz. Luciana Pacifici has been commemorated by a street in Naples, Via Luciana Pacifici, since 2015, and a pedestrian bridge in Viareggio since 2018. In Cerasomma, the library was named after her and her cousin Paolo Procaccia.
	ALDO PROCACCIA LIVED HERE BORN IN 1905 ARRESTED 6.12.1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED	Piazza Bovio, 33	Aldo Procaccia was born in Florence on November 5, 1905 . His parents were Amedeo Procaccia and Jole Benedetti. He had two sisters: Elda and Ivonne. Procaccia was a trader and married to Milena Modigliani from Livorno. The couple had a son, Paolo (born 1943). The family wanted to get to safety in 1943 and moved to Tuscany with their parents, sisters, their partners and children. They were betrayed and Aldo Procaccia was arrested along with his wife and son on December 6, 1943 in Cerasomma. He was then interned in Bagni di Lucca and in the San Vittore prison in Milan . On January 30, 1944, the Procaccia couple were deported with their son and six other relatives in Transport No. 6 from Milan to Auschwitz. Of the 700 deportees, only 97 men and 31 women survived the selection; all others were murdered in the gas chambers. Aldo Procaccia was one of the few who came to the camp. The prisoner number 173465 was tattooed on him . Aldo Procaccia did not survive the Shoah. His niece died during the transport. The parents and a brother-in-law were murdered in Auschwitz, and another brother-in-law died shortly after the liberation in 1945. His sister Elda was murdered in Bergen-Belsen.
	AMEDEO PROCACCIA LIVED HERE BORN IN 1881 ARRESTED 6 December 1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 6 February 1944	Piazza Bovio, 33	Amedeo Procaccia was born in Florence on June 20, 1881 . His parents were Angelo Procaccia and Fortunata Di Segne. He had at least one brother, Umberto. He was married to Jole Benedetti. The couple had three children (Aldo, Ivonne and Elda) and three grandchildren (Renato, Paolo and Luciana). In 1918 the family moved to Naples because he became a Schammes in the local synagogue. The youngest daughter was born in Naples. Daughter-in-law and sons-in-law later also lived in the family unit. The family wanted to get to safety and moved to Tuscany. But they were betrayed and arrested in Cerasomma, a district of Lucca. His daughter Ivonne, her husband, and the couple's son, Renato, were elsewhere and were not arrested. He was interned in Bagni di Lucca for weeks with his wife and other family members. On January 30, 1944, the Procaccia couple and seven relatives were deported from Milan to Auschwitz. His granddaughter froze to death in the sealed cattle wagon. Amedeo Procaccia and his wife were murdered in the gas chambers immediately after arriving on February 6, 1944. Daughter Elda died in Bergen-Belsen. Son, grandson, brother, sons-in-law and daughter-in-law were murdered in Auschwitz, his son-in-law Sergio Oreste Molco died shortly after his liberation from the consequences of his imprisonment in the camp. His daughter Yvonne and grandson Renato escaped the Shoah and emigrated to Israel.
	ELDA PROCACCIA LIVED HERE BORN 1919 ARRESTED 6/12/1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 1945 BERGEN-BELSEN	Piazza Bovio, 33	Elda Procaccia was born in Naples on May 7, 1919. Her parents were Amedeo Procaccia and Jole Benedetti. She had two siblings: Aldo and Ivonne. She was a housewife and married to Loris Pacifici from Livorno. The couple had a daughter, Luciana (born 1943). The whole family fled from Naples to Tuscany. But the Procaccia and the Pacifici were betrayed and arrested on December 6, 1943 in Cerasomma, a district of Lucca. Afterwards they were interned in Bagni di Lucca for weeks . On January 30, 1944, the camp was closed and Elda Procaccia was deported from Milan to Auschwitz with her husband and eight-month-old child. Her daughter Luciana froze to death in the sealed cattle wagon. Elda Procaccia's further path is presented in different ways. While there are sources that state that she died of starvation and disease in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1944 (according to Stolperstein not until 1945), other sources give 1944 and Auschwitz as the place of her death. Her husband, her parents and other relatives were murdered in Auschwitz, only her sister Yvonne and her son survived.
	PAOLO PROCACCIA LIVED HERE BORN 1943 ARRESTED 6.12.1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 6.2.1944	Piazza Bovio, 33	Paolo Procaccia was born in Naples on January 3, 1943 . His parents were Aldo Procaccia and Milena Modigliani. His family fled with him to Tuscany. There they were betrayed and arrested on December 6, 1943 in Cerasomma. Paolo was interned with his parents in a camp in Bagni di Lucca and then in San Vittore prison in Milan . On January 30, 1944, Paolo Procacci was deported with his parents, grandparents and other relatives in Transport No. 6 from the Milano Centrale railway station to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Paolo Procaccia was murdered together with his mother in a gas chamber on February 6, 1944, immediately after the train arrived in Auschwitz. His father and grandparents were also murdered in Auschwitz. His cousin died during the transport. An aunt was murdered in Bergen-Belsen, and two uncles did not survive Auschwitz either.

Out of the family of eleven, only two survived: Renato Molco, who was five at the time of the deportations, and his mother Ivonne Procaccia, Oreste Sergio Molco's wife. They later emigrated to Israel.

Laying data

The memorial work in Naples did not begin with the stumbling blocks. In the 1990s, the synagogue was renovated with government funding. In 2008, two exhibitions were organized in cooperation with Yad Vashem : one on the T-4 campaign , the targeted murder of the mentally ill, the ostracism of so-called degenerate art and the use of medicine as an instrument of persecution, and another presented twenty portraits of women who survived the ghetto and execution camps In November 2015, a street was named after Luciana Pacifici , the little Jewish girl whose fate is described above. The street was previously named after the lawyer Gaetano Azzariti (1881–1961), one of the architects of the Italian race laws .

The Stolpersteine ​​for Naples were initiated by Alfredo Cafasso Vitale and Nico Pirozzi, they were laid on January 4, 2020 by Gunter Deming himself. The project was supported by the city's long-standing Senator for Culture, Nino Daniele, who was replaced at the end of November 2019. His successor, Eleonora de Majo, caused outrage in the city's Jewish community through statements critical of Israel. Their representatives and those of the Federazione Italia Israele stayed away from the laying of the stumbling blocks.

Web links

• Nico Pirozzi: La Shoah in Campagnia , Fondazione Valenzi
• Stolpersteine.eu , Demnig's website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Napoli ebraica: Storia della Comunità , accessed on May 11, 2020
2. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Benedetti, Jole , accessed on February 23, 2020
3. ↑ Judaica Mediterranea: VIA LUCIANA PACIFICI - Napoli, November 17, 2015 , accessed on February 23, 2020
4. ↑ ^{a b} Nico Pirozzi: La Shoah in Campania, pp. 9-10 , accessed on February 23, 2020
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e} La Repubblica : Luciana e Sergio, due bambini nella Shoah , accessed on February 23, 2020
6. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Iole Iula Procaccia , based on a report submitted by her daughter Yvonne Molco, with a photo by of Iole Benedetti, accessed on February 27, 2020
7. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Modigliani, Milena , accessed on February 23, 2020 (with a photograph by Milena Modigliani with her son)
8. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : Milena Melania Procaccia , based on a report submitted by her sister-in-law Yvonne Molco, accessed on February 23, 2020
9. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Sergio Molco , based on a report submitted by his widow Yvonne Molco, accessed on February 23, 2020
10. ^ Danuta Czech: Calendar of the events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945 . Reinbek near Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-498-00884-6 , p. 720
11. ↑ La memoria ritrovata, istruzioni per l'uso , accessed on February 23, 2020
12. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Molco, Oreste Sergio ', accessed on February 23, 2020 (with a portrait)
13. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Pacifici, Loris , accessed February 24, 2020
14. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Loris Pacifici , based on a report submitted by his sister-in-law Yvonne Molco, with a photo by of Loris Pacific, accessed on February 24, 2020
15. ↑ Judaica Mediterranean: VIA LUCIANA PACIFICI - Napoli, 17 novembre 2015 , accessed on February 24, 2020
16. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Pacifici, Luciana with a photo of the baby, accessed February 24, 2020
17. ↑ Omaggio a Luciana Pacifici, la più piccola deportata della provincia di Lucca , accessed on February 24, 2020
18. ↑ La Gazzetta di Lucca: Giornata della Memoria: Cerasomma intitola la biblioteca ai piccoli Luciana e Paolo, deportati ad Auschwitz e mai più ritornati , accessed on February 24, 2020
19. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Procaccia, Aldo , accessed on February 24, 2020 (with a photograph by Aldo Procaccia with his son)
20. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Aldo Proccacia , based on a report submitted by his sister Yvonne Molco, accessed on February 24, 2020
21. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Procaccia, Amedeo , accessed on February 26, 2020
22. ↑ Tonino Scala: Napoli, da quarant'anni convive con una strada dedicata al presidente del tribunale della razza ... , February 27, 2014
23. ↑ La Repubblica Napoli.it: Una strada dedicata a Luciana Pacifici , accessed on February 27, 2020
24. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Procaccia, Elda , accessed February 27, 2020
25. ↑ The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names: Elda Pacifici , based on a report submitted by her sister Yvonne Molco, accessed February 27, 2020
26. ↑ CDEC Digital Library: Procaccia, Paolo , accessed February 29, 2020
27. ↑ Historical Archive of Naples-: "Psyche in chains" and "Golden and cinder hair" memories of the shoah , accessed on May 11, 2020
28. ↑ La Repubblica : Una strada dedicata a Luciana Pacifici , November 17, 2015 (with three photographs of the Pacifici family)
29. ^ Italia Israele Today: Napoli, perché non ci saremo alla inaugurazione delle “pietre d'inciampo” , January 4, 2020

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