List of stumbling blocks in Brescia

Vicolo dell'Inganno 1 in Brescia with the stumbling block for Ubaldo Migliorati, who was murdered in the Buchenwald concentration camp

The list of the stumbling blocks in Brescia contains the stumbling blocks of the city of Brescia in Lombardy , reminiscent of the fate of the people from this region, from the Nazis , deported, were expelled or driven to suicide murdered. The Stolpersteine ​​were laid by Gunter Demnig , whose name is in Italian: pietre d'inciampo .

On November 23, 2012 in Brescia - the first place in Lombardy - nine stumbling blocks were laid in memory of victims of racist and political deportations under the patronage of the Italian President . Further relocations took place on January 12, 2015.

Some of the tables can be sorted; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Historical background

After Italy left the war, the city of Brescia was occupied by the German Wehrmacht on September 10, 1943. The SS security police moved into quarters in Via Panoramica and was headed from June 1944 and January 1945 by SS-Hauptsturmführer Erich Priebke , who had previously been involved in the massacre in the Ardeatine Caves in March 1944 . From December 1943, Brescia was also the seat of the Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana , the new fascist militia of the Saló regime . Immediately after the German occupation of Brescia, resistance was formed by communists, socialists, actionists and the Catholic Brigate Fiamme Verdi . Members of the Gruppo di Azione Patriottica carried out a series of attacks on facilities belonging to the German occupiers and Italian fascists in Brescia. The partisans also formed in three valleys north of Brescia, in Val Camonica , Val Sabbia and Val Trompia . After the murder of a member of the militia on November 13, 1943 in Brescia, SS units and fascists combed the houses in the old town, searched for numerous people who were accused of "anti-fascist activities" using prepared lists, and shot three men in Piazza Rovetta: Arnaldo Dall ' Angelo, Guglielmo Perinelli and Rolando Pezzagno. The German ambassador Rudolf Rahn telegraphed to the Foreign Office in Berlin that the corpses were deliberately left there until the next day, “to make the population aware of the consequences of the attacks on the fascists” (telegram of November 25, 1943). Most of the people arrested for political reasons were taken to Carcere Canton Mombello prison and interrogated. A number of executions followed in various parts of the city, including a. at the shooting range in the Castello.

The Fossoli concentration camp in 1944

Brescia had only a small Jewish community, and most of its members managed to escape before the Germans began arresting Jews in early December 1943. Most of them were foreign Jews who were arrested by the Nazi regime and deported to the Fossoli concentration camp . Out of 23, only two survived.

A number of stumbling blocks in Brescia are also dedicated to members of the Italian armed forces who, after Italy left the war on September 8, 1943, were disarmed by the German armed forces, arrested and deported as Italian military internees (IMI) to Germany, where they had to do forced labor. The IMI status was used to deny the formerly allied soldiers the status of prisoners of war , which they under the protection of III. Geneva Convention of 1929 on the Treatment of Prisoners of War . The Italian military internees were sometimes even worse treated than the Soviet prisoners due to the ruthless exploitation of their labor, food deprivation and lack of medical care.

Brescia

image	Surname	Location	Life
	MARIO BALLERIO JG LIVED HERE . 1918 MILITARY PRISONER ARRIVED 8.9.1943 MURDERED 15.4.1944 PRZEMYSL	Viale Venezia 45	Mario Ballerio was born on July 8, 1918 in Redona (in the province of Bergamo ). In July 1936 he completed his Matura in Brescia and in 1941 he completed his engineering studies at the Politecnico di Milano . He then found work in a company in the textile industry in Brescia, where his father Giuseppe worked. He was unable to continue studying economics and political science at the Università Cattolica di Milano because he was called up in December 1941. After Italy left the war on September 8, 1943, he was disarmed and arrested near Leipzig, where he was attending a training course for Italian armed forces. He refused to join the Repubblica Sociale Italiana and was subsequently deported to Przemyśl (Poland) as a so-called Italian military internee (IMI) . Like all prisoners, he suffered from hunger and cold, contracted tuberculosis and was admitted to the local hospital in January 1944. Without proper treatment, he died there on April 15, 1944. It was not until October 30, 1949 that the family learned of the circumstances of his illness and death from a letter from his companion Mario Mattioli. Mario Ballerio was buried in the Przemysl municipal cemetery, exhumed in 1957 and taken to his final resting place in the Italian military cemetery in Bieleny (near Warsaw). It was not until 1993 that his relatives learned of his final resting place.
	QUI ABITAVA ROBERTO CARRARA JG. 1915 POLITICAL PRISONER 9/30/1944 DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED 12/11/1944	Contrada del Carmine 39	Roberto Carrara (1915–1944) - like his brother-in-law Domenico Pertica - withdrew from being called up for military service and joined the partisans. He was arrested on September 30, 1944, deported via Bozen to Mauthausen concentration camp , where he died on December 11, 1944.
	ANGELO COTTINELLI JG LIVED HERE . 1909 MILITARY PRISONER ARRIVED 9/8/1943 MURDERED 6/25/1944 NEUMARKT	Via delle Battaglie 16	Angelo Cottinelli (1909-1944) was dismissed from military service in 1929 for health reasons. In 1943 he was drafted again, but after Italy left the war on September 8, 1943, he was disarmed by the German occupiers, arrested and deported to Germany as a so-called Italian military internee (IMI). He was committed to forced labor and killed on June 25, 1944 in the Neumarkt POW camp.
	HERE LIVED ALBERTO DALLA VOLTA JG. 1922 ARRESTED 1.12.1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED UNKNOWN LOCATION AFTER 18.1.1945	Piazza della Vittoria 11	Alberto Dalla Volta (1922–1945) and his father Guido were arrested on December 1, 1943 because of their Hebrew origin and initially deported to the Fossoli concentration camp . On February 22, 1944, father and son were deported to Auschwitz . In his book Is that a person? reported Primo Levi about him: "Alberto is my best friend. He's only twenty-two years old, two years younger than me, but none of us Italians has shown such adaptability as he has. Alberto has entered the camp with his head held high, and he lives in the camp unharmed and uncorrupted. He understood before anyone else that this life is war; he did not allow himself to be spared, did not waste any time complaining and pitying himself and the others, but took up the fight from day one. "Alberto Dalla Volta's father was killed on November 15, 1944 in a gas chamber by the NS- Regime murdered. He himself died in an unknown place during a death march after the evacuation of the Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1945.
	HERE LIVED GUIDO DALLA VOLTA JG. 1894 ARRESTED 1.12.1943 DEPORTED AUSCHWITZ MURDERED 15.11.1944	Piazza della Vittoria 11	Guido Dalla Volta (1894–1944) and his son Alberto were arrested on December 1, 1943 because of their Hebrew origins and initially held in the Fossoli concentration camp . On February 22, 1944, father and son were deported to Auschwitz . Guido Dalla Volta was murdered on November 15, 1944 in a gas chamber by the Nazi regime.
	EMILIO FALCONI JG LIVED HERE . 1911 MILITARY PRISONER ARRESTED 08/09/1943 09/20/1943 MURDERED 03/08/1945 FORBACH BEARING N 2026	Via G. Bonomelli 62	Emilio Falconi (1911-1945) was disarmed and arrested in France after Italy left the war on September 8, 1943. He was deported as a so-called Italian Military Internee (IMI) to Forbach, where he died on March 8, 1945. His grave is on the Cimitero di Guerra Italiano in Frankfurt.
	SEVERINO FRATUS JG LIVED HERE . 1891 POLITICAL PRISONER 2.3.1944 DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED 8.4.1945	Via Fratelli Ugoni 6	Severino Fratus (1891–1945) was a mechanic at the Breda company in Sesto San Giovanni. He was arrested on March 2 or 23, 1944 (sources diverge) in connection with the general strike that lasted from March 1 to March 8, 1944. He was initially held in Bergamo and then deported to Mauthausen concentration camp , where he died on April 8, 1945.
	ALESSANDRO GENTILINI JG LIVED HERE . 1916 ARRIVED 6/6/1944 POLITICAL PRISONER DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN GUSEN MURDERED 04/17/1945	Contrada del Carmine 16	Alessandro Gentilini was born on August 26, 1916 in Lonato del Garda in the province of Brescia . According to the inmate ID card, he was 1.75 meters tall, had brown eyes, a straight nose, a normal-shaped mouth and ears. On the day he was arrested as a partisan, June 6, 1944, it was his wife's birthday, his daughter Liliana was just three years old and his son Odoardo two. He was deported to Mauthausen concentration camp and got the number 115530 tattooed on him. The Nazi regime murdered Alessandro Gentilen on April 17, 1945 in the Gusen concentration camp .
	HERE LIVED UBALDO MIGLIORATI JG. 1923 ARRESTED 02/27/1945 COME POLITICO deported Buchenwald MURDERED 03/12/1945	Vicolo dell'Inganno 1	Ubaldo Migliorati was born on July 17, 1923 in Pavone del Mella, the son of Riccardo Migliorati and Maria Segari. The following description of the person results from the report of the position commission of May 21, 1942: Height 1.71 meters, normal stature, oval face, brown hair, brown eyes. On January 14, 1943, the student was drafted and two days later the infantry of the Dep. 33 ° Regg. assigned. On April 24, 1943, Migliorati was appointed corporal and - after a short leave from the front for exams at the university - on July 15, 1943, Caporal Maggiore. From September 8, 1943, he is considered sbandato [disappeared]. To date, there is no information about where he was from September 1943 to August 1944. On August 9, 1944, he was captured by German troops and held as a political prisoner. On the basis of a letter dated September 7, 1950 from a relative who lived in Hanover, it can be reconstructed that Migliorati was first imprisoned in the Torgau Wehrmacht prison and then in the Wildflecken camp . This is where his last letter comes from, dated November 1944. On February 27, 1945, it arrived in Buchenwald concentration camp and was named “polit. Italian "classified, got a red triangle and the number 133,818. There he died on March 12, 1945. Pneumonia was given as the official cause of death. The family was not informed until July 14, 1945 by express letter from the Italian Ministero della Difesa Esercito. In 1957 he was awarded the Croce al merito di guerra .
	DOMENICO PERTICA JG LIVED HERE . 1923 POLITICAL PRISONER 09/30/1944 DEPORTED GUSEN MURDERED 04/21/1945	Contrada del Carmine 39	Domenico Pertica (1923–1945) was - like his brother-in-law Roberto Carrara - a member of the 54ª brigata Garibaldi. He was arrested on September 30, 1944 and deported to Gusen concentration camp , where he died on April 21, 1945.
	DOMENICO PERTICA JG LIVED HERE . 1921 POLITICAL PRISONER DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN GUSEN MURDERED January 21, 1945	Via Fratelli Lechi / corner Largo Torrelunga	Rolando Petrini , born in 1921, was a university student in Siena. He was arrested together with Teresio Olivetti and murdered by the Nazi regime in Gusen concentration camp in 1945 . Via Rolando Petrini in Brescia commemorates the resistance fighter.
	PIETRO PIASTRA JG LIVED HERE . 1891 ARRIVED 10/19/1944 POLITICAL PRISONER DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED 04/10/1945	Via Nicola Tartaglia 47	Pietro Piastra was born in Palermo on January 31, 1891 , and on an unknown date, he moved to the city of Brescia . He is one of those 302 to 320 Sicilians who were put to death by the Nazi regime and whose name is known. The total number of Sicilians murdered by the National Socialists is estimated at over 800. Due to the early liberation of Sicily by Anglo-American troops, the number of Sicilian victims was long believed to be low, but many of those who were born there fell into the hands of the Nazis elsewhere. Piastra fled to Collio , but was arrested there on October 16, 1944 by black brigades, transferred to Brescia and tortured. On November 20, 1944, he was deported to the Bolzano concentration camp, and on December 19 to Mauthausen , where he was murdered by the Nazi regime on April 10, 1945, less than a month before it was liberated by American troops.
	FEDERICO RINALDINI JG LIVED HERE . IN 1923 ARRESTED August 19, 1944 POLITICAL PRISONER DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED March 27, 1945	Vicolo delle Dimesse 2	Federico Rinaldini was born in Brescia on September 29, 1923. He was an employee and followed his older brother Emiliano, he joined the liberation movement, the Brigata Fiamme Verdi "Giacomo Perlasca". He took care of pamphlets and illegal writings, also acted as a relay between the partisans of the Valle Sabbia and the city of Brescia. On August 19, 1944, he was arrested, subsequently interrogated and tortured, but refused to disclose his name or information. On November 20, 1944, he was handed over to the German occupiers and immediately deported to the Bolzano concentration camp. On January 8, 1945, he was transferred to Mauthausen concentration camp and murdered there on March 27, 1943 by the Nazi regime.
	SILVESTRO ROMANI JG LIVED HERE . 1923 ARRIVED 11/18/1943 POLITICAL PRISONER DEPORTED MAUTHAUSEN MURDERED 03/17/1945	Via Pila 37	Silvestro Romani was born in 1923. He was arrested on November 18, 1943, subsequently deported to Mauthausen concentration camp and murdered there on March 17, 1945 by the Nazi regime.
	HERE LIVED ANDRE TREBESCHI JG. 1897 POLITICAL PRISONER ARRESTED 6.1.1944 DEPORTED DACHAU MAUTHAUSEN GUSEN MURDERED January 24th, 1945	Via delle Battaglie 50	Andrea Trebeschi was born in Brescia on September 3, 1887. He comes from a Catholic family. His grandfathers had in the Italian wars of independence fought. He himself was drafted in the First World War. On his return to Brescia, he took over the chairmanship of the Manzoni student association and in 1918 founded the student magazine La Fiona . In 1922 he married Vittoria De Toni and the couple had four children: Maria, Cesare, Giovanni and Elvira. In 1923 he was elected chairman of the Catholic Youth of Brescia selected and graduated in jurisprudence at the University of Siena from. He worked as a lawyer, joined the Partito Popolare Italiano and developed into a staunch anti-fascist. The magazine he founded was consequently banned by the Mussolini regime . Trebeschi belonged to the Catholic partisan formation Fiamme Verdi and escaped interrogation in 1943 by fleeing. As a result, however, he was caught and arrested twice, in December 1943 and January 6, 1944. After persevering in several interrogations, the SS deported him first to Dachau and then to Mauthausen , where he remained until December 31 Had to do forced labor. From there he came to the Gusen concentration camp , where he was murdered by the Nazi regime on January 24, 1945.

Laying data

The stumbling blocks of Brescia were laid by Gunter Demnig personally on the following days:

• November 23, 2012: Contrada del Carmine 39, Piazza della Vittoria 11, Via delle Battaglie 16 e 50, Via Fratelli Ugoni 6, Via G. Bonomelli 62, Viale Venezia 45
• January 12, 2015: Contrada del Carmine 16, Via Fratelli Lechi / Largo Torrelunga, Via Nicola Tartaglia 47, Via Pila 37, Vicolo delle Dimesse 2, Vicolo dell'Inganno 1

swell

• Brescia on gedenkorte-europa.eu, the homepage of Gedenkorte Europa 1939–1945 , accessed on September 28, 2015
• L'Eco delle Valli : “Pietre d'inciampo”, il paese ricorda i suoi deportati , January 1, 2014

Web links

Commons : stumbling blocks in Brescia  - collection of images

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Memorie d'inciampo: Ricordo di Mario Ballerio ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 10, 2015
2. ^ Comune di Brescia: Pietre d'inciampo, Brescia riccorda le vittime dei Lager , accessed on October 31, 2015
3. ↑ Sources: 1. Archivio di Stato di Brescia 2. Archivio dell'Anagrafe del Comune di Brescia 3. ITS (International Tracing Service) Bad Arolsen (D) Comitè International Croix Rouge Ginevra 4. Elenco deportati, reg. 4, ARECBs b. 65 / e; Internati militari. Vari, reg. 1,2, ARECBs b. 65 / d; Civili deportati, ARECBs b. 65 / e
4. ↑ Other sources give January 30, 1891 as the date of birth.
5. ↑ Ultime Lettere: Federico Rinaldini , accessed on November 4, 2015; a facsimile and transcript of Rinaldini's letter to his parents can also be found on this website
6. ↑ Memorie d'inciampo: Ricordo di Andrea Trebeschi ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The  archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 10, 2015

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