List of stumbling blocks in Denmark

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Stumbling blocks in front of the Great Synagogue in Copenhagen

The list of stumbling blocks in Denmark lists all stumbling blocks that have been laid in Denmark . The stumbling blocks are usually in front of the last self-chosen place of residence of the victim and remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . The Stolpersteine ​​were designed by the Cologne artist Gunter Demnig and are usually laid by himself.

Stumbling blocks are called snublestene in Danish . They are mostly in front of an earlier self-chosen residence. In Denmark there are currently (as of September 2019) twelve stumbling blocks, one in Frederiksberg and eleven in the capital Copenhagen . The first transfers took place in June 2019, in the presence of survivors and family members of the victims. They are based on an initiative of the Forum för levande historia , the association of Holocaust survivors and the Jewish community in Stockholm.

History of the Jews in Denmark

Riots against Jews, 1819

Álvaro Dinis , a Portuguese merchant who was just expelled from Hamburg, was one of the first Jews in the Danish sphere of influence. In 1619 he settled in the exile town of Glückstadt , founded in 1617 in the Duchy of Holstein , which was then under the Danish government, and founded the first Jewish community here in 1622 with the approval of King Christian IV and his governor Gerhard Rantzau . Dinis became a confidante of the Danish heir to the throne. Under Friedrich III. , King of Denmark and Norway from 1648 to 1670, in 1682 the first Jewish community was founded in the newly built city of Fredericia . Two years later, a small Jewish community was also founded in Copenhagen . The reasons for approval were always also economic. Around 1780 around 1,600 Jews lived in Denmark, all of them with permanent residence permits based on their personal property. Outside of places such as Glückstadt, which are privileged with religious freedom , Jews were socially and economically discriminated and even had to attend Protestant services for a while.

While there were still riots against Jews in 1819, the situation calmed down in the following years. Slowly they were able to acquire civil rights and were able to integrate into society - both as merchants and as intellectuals. They founded numerous companies, many of which have survived in one form or another to this day. At the beginning of the 20th century, around ten thousand Jewish emigrants from Eastern Europe came to Copenhagen, mostly on their way to the USA. However, around 3,000 of them stayed in Denmark because they did not have enough money to travel on. These "new Jews" were poor, spoke Yiddish and lived in the slums of Copenhagen. Many of them were socialists, Zionists, or ultra-Orthodox Jews . The established Jews of the middle and upper classes in Copenhagen feared that the newcomers would affect the relationship between Danish society and Jews in general. They collected donations and helped the poorest Jews and tried to integrate them into Danish-Jewish society.

There was also a wave of refugees between 1933 and 1939. Again, Jewish refugees passed through the country. This time there were around 4,500 and, as a rule, the authorities did not allow German refugees to settle in Denmark. Some were temporarily allowed to stay as apprentices in agriculture, where they were preparing to emigrate to Palestine . Stateless Jews were sent back to the German Reich from April 1940, the German occupation of the country. Some of them died in the Nazi extermination camps.

Rescuing the Danish Jews

Danish Jews in the lifeboat to Sweden

Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz (1904–1973), a German diplomat who had long since turned away from National Socialism, immediately informed the Danish Social Democrat Hans Hedtoft after he had learned that the arrest would be for the night of October 1st, 1943 of the Danish Jews and then their deportation via Germany to the concentration camps in the east was planned. The Danish civilian population prevented the arrest and deportation of "their Jews" in a unique solidarity campaign. Within one night, most of the Jews conspicuous in Denmark were transferred in small and medium-sized boats to neutral Sweden , which was not occupied by German armed forces. The rescue operations took place across the Öresund , the Kattegat and the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea . 7,742 Jewish people, 1,376 of whom were not Danish nationals, were brought to safety, as well as 686 non-Jewish family members. They were given a permanent right of residence in Sweden until the fall of the Nazi regime. When the Nazis started their raids at the beginning of October, there were only a few hundred Jews in the country instead of the original 8,000. The arrested Jews were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp in three transports . On October 2, 1943, 83 Jewish men and women were deported from Aalborg and 198 from Copenhagen . The third transport with 175 Jews left the Horserød camp on October 13, 1943. On November 23, 1943, six men were deported from this camp to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and ten women and children to the Ravensbrück concentration camp .

After negotiations with Heinrich Himmler, the Danish government succeeded in getting 423 Danish citizens released from the Theresienstadt concentration camp in early 1945 . Just under 1% of the Jewish population in Denmark fell victim to the Shoah , by far the lowest rate in all areas occupied by Germans.

Casualty numbers, sorry

The daily Berlingske published the following calculation: Around 50 Jews from Denmark died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp . Twenty German or stateless Jews were murdered in concentration camps . 25 to 30 Jews committed suicide or drowned in the Baltic Sea while fleeing to Sweden in 1943. This results in a number of victims between 95 and 100.

In 2005, the Danish Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen officially apologized to the Jewish people and also to all innocent people who were "delivered to an uncertain fate with the active participation of Danish authorities in Hitler's Germany."

Stumbling blocks

Frederiksberg

image inscription address Life
Stolperstein for Jacob Thalmay (Frederiksberg) .jpg
HERE LIVED
JACOB THALMAY
BORN 1904
deported in 1944
SACHSENHAUSEN
AUSCHWITZ
VICE COME 03/09/1945
DEATH MARCH TO MELK
Carl Plougsvej 7
Erioll world.svg
Jacob Thalmay was born in Warsaw on January 21, 1904 . His parents were Lipa and Hannah Thalmay. He had four siblings. The family came to Denmark in 1905. The owner of an optician's shop in the center of Copenhagen was musical and spoke several languages. In 1934 he married Johanne, née Bornstein. The couple had a son Bent (born 1935). Jacob Thalmay participated under the code name Bent Jacobsen in the Danish resistance against the German occupation forces, both in acts of sabotage and the distribution of illegal documents, as well as in hiding people at risk and in helping people escape. In 1943 he made sure that his wife and son were brought to safety in Sweden by boat. He himself stayed in Denmark to continue his resistance work. After learning that some relatives had been arrested and deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , he put on a Nazi uniform and called at the Gestapo headquarters. He wanted to have the relatives brought back to Denmark. However, his disguise was exposed by a Danish-Icelandic collaborator of the Nazi regime, a former neighbor. Jacob Thalmay was arrested by the Gestapo and interned in several Danish prisons. He was finally deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and transferred to Auschwitz on August 20, 1944. At the beginning of 1945 he had to start a death march towards Mauthausen. On March 9, 1945, he collapsed in the Melk subcamp and died.

A plaque in the memorial grove in Ryvangen commemorates Jacob Thalmay.

Copenhagen

image inscription address Life
Stumbling block for Irma Barasch (Copenhagen) .jpg
HERE LIVED
IRMA BARASCH
BORN AS 1893 MARCUSE
ARRESTED 08/29/1942
deported to GERMANY
07/09/1942
AUSCHWITZ
MURDERED
Nørregade 27
Erioll world.svg
Irma Barasch , nee Marcuse, was born on June 9, 1893 in Wriezen . She was an accountant and married to Julius Barasch (see below). The couple lived in Denmark for a while. Irma Barasch and her husband were arrested on August 29, 1942 for their husband's political activities and deported to Germany on September 7, 1942. She was taken to a collection camp for Jews on Grosse Hamburgerstrasse and was deported from here on February 26, 1943 to Auschwitz on Transport No. 30. Irma Barasch was murdered in Auschwitz, probably on the day of her arrival.

Her husband was also deported to Auschwitz and murdered.

Stumbling stone for Julius Barasch (Copenhagen) .jpg
JULIUS BARASCH
LIVED HERE
BORN 1898
ARRESTED August
29, 1942 SHIPPED TO GERMANY
September
7, 1942
MURDERED October 23, 1943 AUSCHWITZ
Nørregade 27
Erioll world.svg
Julius Barasch wasbornin Hamburg on May 25, 1898. The family originally came from Rendsburg . His parents were Simon and Clara Barasch. Both were born in Denmark and their families had lived in southern Denmark for a long time. Julius Barasch had at least one sister. He studied law and economics, but did not complete the studies. In the First World War he served in the German Army . After the war he was employed as a journalist for the Berliner Tageblatt . From 1929 he ran his own correspondence and advisory office in Berlin. He married Irma Marcuse, an accountant (see above).

While working for the Berliner Tageblatt , he wrote a review of an anti-Semitic book by Artur Dinter , a völkisch politician. Julius Barasch wanted to prove that Dinter had falsified quotations. There was a trial, but the Berlin court classified the article as defamatory and in 1931 sentenced the editor of the newspaper to a fine of 1,200 marks and Julius Barasch to a fine of 500 marks.


In 1933 the SA came to Barasch when he was not there. The editor of the Berliner Tageblatt had already been arrested at this time. The Baraschs fled to France. After five months they went to Denmark, where they arrived in Esbjerg on October 4, 1933 and were recognized as refugees. Barasch's sister and mother emigrated to Sydney in 1936 (Barasch's father had died in 1933), Julius Barasch and his wife wanted to follow them, but two applications were rejected.

Julius Barasch and his wife lived in Denmark in a refugee home and received social assistance. Barasch could only sell a few newspaper articles. From 1938 the couple fought for work permits, but did not receive any. With a donated typewriter, he wrote applications for other emigrants and earned money.
In 1937 Barasch was primarily responsible for an exhibition on the Spanish Civil War and, among other things, came back into the focus of the police. On August 29, 1942, Barasch was arrested for his political activities and deported to Germany on September 7, 1942, together with his wife. They arrived in Warnemünde and were taken from there to Berlin. Barasch's wife was taken to a collection camp and was deported to Auschwitz in February 1943 and murdered. Julius Barasch was also deported to Auschwitz at an unknown point in time and was murdered here on October 23, 1943.

Stumbling stone for Herschel Fischel Choleva (Copenhagen) .jpg
HERSCHEL FISCHEL
CHOLEVA LIVED
HERE BORN IN
1885
ARRESTED 4.10.1943
DEPORTED 1943
THERESIENSTADT
DYED 17.10.1944
Rantzausgade 18
Erioll world.svg
Herschel Fischel Choleva was born on December 18, 1885 in Szydłowiec (Poland). He was a tailor and came to Denmark in 1907. In 1911 he married Jehudit, née Zweigenbok (born 1885). In 1916 daughter Sulamith was born. On October 4, 1943, they and about 20 other people hid in the Amager acid factory and waited for a crossing to Sweden. They were discovered and arrested by the Germans. The group came to Dagmarhus in Copenhagen. At that time a building occupied by the Gestapo . From there the family was transferred to the Horserød camp. On October 12th, Herschel Fischel Choleva and 174 other people of Jewish faith were taken to the train station in Helsingør , from where a train took the prisoners to Gedser the next day . From there it went on to Warnemünde , then in cattle wagons to Theresienstadt, where the transport with the designation XXV / 3 arrived on October 14, 1943. Choleva's transport number was 56. Herschel Fischel Choleva lost his life here on October 17, 1944.

Choleva's daughter Sulamith survived. In Theresienstadt she worked as a teacher.

Stolperstein for Schmul Sender Jonisch (Copenhagen) .jpg
SCHMUL SENDER
JONISCH
LIVED HERE
BORN 1899
DEPORTED 1943
THERESIENSTADT
MURDERED MARCH 1944
AUSCHWITZ
Sølvgade 34
Erioll world.svg
Schmul Sender Jonisch , also Schmuel Sender Jonisch or Shmuel Zender Jonisch, was born on March 18, 1899 in Warsaw . In the 1920s he moved to Berlin. He was very religious and unmarried. In April 1938 he fled to Denmark. He entered the country illegally. For some time he received financial support from the Mosaic Faith Society . From September 1940 to June 1941 he worked at the Sundholm Laboratory . From August 1941 he lived at Sølvgade 34. He regularly attended the ultra-orthodox synagogue Machsike Hadas . On October 4 or 5, 1943, Schmul Sender Jonisch was arrested by the Germans and interned in the Horserød camp. On October 12, 1943, Paul Hennig made a film in the camp in which Jonisch can be seen. On the evening of the same day he and 174 other people of Jewish faith were taken to the train station in Helsingør , from where a train drove the prisoners to Gedser the next day . From there it went on to Warnemünde , then in cattle wagons to Theresienstadt, where the transport with the designation XXV / 3 arrived on October 14, 1943. His transport number was 52. When the orthodox Jew Schmul Jonisch was tried to cut the hair in the delousing facility, he is said to have lost his temper. He was interned in the "mental hospital" in Theresienstadt. Due to an agreement between Adolf Eichmann and Werner Best , concluded on November 1, 1943, Danish Jews were no longer deported to extermination camps. To get around this, Jonisch was deported to Auschwitz on March 20, 1944 with 41 other patients as well as two nurses and a doctor who were mentally ill with Transport Dx (his prisoner number on this transport was 23). There Schmul Sender Jonisch was murdered in a gas chamber with most of the other patients immediately upon arrival. The others did not survive either.

Jonisch was the only one of those deported from Denmark in October 1943 who was brought to Auschwitz.

Stumbling stone for Pinkus Katz (Copenhagen) .jpg

PINKUS KATZ LIVED HERE
BORN 1875
ARRESTED October
1, 1943 DEPORTED 1943
THERESIENSTADT
DYED March 15, 1944
Ravnsborg Tværgade 3
Erioll world.svg
Pinkus Katz , also Pinkhas Katz, was born on July 13, 1875 or 1876 in Simferopol . In 1902 he married Rebekah, née Duksin (1884-1976), the couple had six children, two born before 1908, four more were born in Denmark, where the family had moved in 1908. Pinkus Katz was a cobbler. The family first lived at Saxogade 45, then moved to Ravnsborg Tværgade 3. There they were arrested during the night of October 1, 1943, together with their daughter Anna, who was born in 1911. They were taken to Langeliniekaj, where their eldest son Solomon, his wife Chaja and their daughter were already. The family was deported to Theresienstadt. Pinkus' Katz's deportation number was 96. On October 5, 1943, the transport arrived in Theresienstadt. On March 15 or March 16, 1944, Pinkus Katz died here after a long illness.
Stolperstein for Thora Krogmann (Copenhagen) .jpg
THORA
KROGMANN LIVED HERE, BORN IN
1875 AS WOHLMUTH
ARRIVED October
1, 1943 DEPORTED 1943
THERESIENSTADT
DYED August 13, 1944
Krystalgade 12
Erioll world.svg
Thora Therese Krogmann , nee Wohlmuth, was born in Copenhagen on February 13, 1867. Her parents were the cigar manufacturer Herman Wohlmuth (born 1816) and Bolette, born in Lublin (February 23, 1829 - May 20, 1914). Thora Krogmann had seven siblings. She became a lithographer and on June 16, 1895 married Israel Krogmann (born 1860), who was born in Russia. This came to Denmark via Sweden. The couple had two sons: Herman (born 1896) and Emanuel (born 1898). In May 1912 the family moved into the house of the Meyers Minde Foundation. People of the Jewish faith could live freely here. In 1916, Thora Krogmann's husband died. On October 1, 1943, she and 11 other residents of the house were deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on Transport XXV / 2 . Thora Krogmann's transport number was 112. The foster son of her son Emanuel, Leo Säbel (1924-2015), who had come to Denmark with the child and youth Alijah from Leipzig in 1939 , was also deported. The transport arrived in Theresienstadt on October 5, 1943. Thora Krogmann lost her life in Theresienstadt on August 13, 1944.
Stumbling block for Rosa Nachemsohn (Copenhagen) .jpg
HERE LIVED
ROSA NACHEMSOHN
BORN AS 1868 HILLELSOHN
ARRESTED 01/10/1943
deported in 1943
THERESIENSTADT
VICE COME 22/12/1943
Krystalgade 12
Erioll world.svg
Rosa Nachemsohn , nee Hillelsohn, was born on January 7, 1868 in Libau , then Russia . She married Semele Louis Nachemsohn (born 1854). In 1895 their first child, a son, was born and the family fled to Denmark. Semele Nachemsohn died in 1902, Rosa Nachemsohn was alone with four children. The family moved into the house of the Meyers Minde Foundation. People of the Jewish faith could live freely here. On October 1, 1943, Rosa Nachemsohn was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp together with 11 other residents of the house with Transport XXV / 2 . Her transport number was 140. On October 5, 1943, the transport arrived in Theresienstadt. Rosa 's descendant lost her life in Theresienstadt on December 22, 1943.
Stumbling block for Ruth Fanni Low (Copenhagen) .jpg
HERE LIVED
RUTH FANNI
LOW
BORN 1920 AS PLUG ELSON
ARRESTED 04/05/1940
deported to GERMANY
07/11/1940
MURDERED August 1943
AUSCHWITZ
Kronprinsensgade 13
Erioll world.svg
Ruth Fanni Niederig , née Steckelson, was born on November 15, 1920 in Wilhelmsdorf near Berlin . In 1938 the hairdresser married the tailor Schulim low (born in 1910 in Oświęcim). In October 1938, Schulim's family was "expatriated" and taken to the German-Polish border. Schulim Low lived in Warsaw for half a year. After Ruth Niederig was to be expelled because of his marriage to him, he traveled back to Berlin. The couple fled from Berlin to Denmark. In May 1939 they crossed the border near Flensburg on foot. From there they traveled by bus to Copenhagen. They were arrested in Nyborg and sent to prison. A few days later the couple were sent to Gdansk by ferry. There they were turned away and after five days drove back to Copenhagen on the same ferry. The couple will remain in custody there for an additional two months. Ruth Niederig wrote letters of supplication to King Christian X and love letters to her husband. He also wrote letters to authorities and letters to his wife. All letters are confiscated. The Jewish Hildskommitee became aware of the couple and helped. In August 1939, Rith Niederig and her husband were released from prison and given money and meal cards from the committee. In 1940 they applied for visas for the USA and Italy. Schulim low believed that it would be easier to emigrate from Italy to the USA. In May 1940, Ruth Niederig went to the cinema in the evening, during which time Schulim low was arrested in front of friends' house. Since Schulim Niederig spoke only poor Danish, the situation could not be clarified. The next day the police picked up Ruth Niederig as well. Again the couple was in jail. The attorney general Harald Petersen wanted to deport both to Poland, which was not possible, which is why the police chief Harry Chr. Mikkelsen Kudsk recommended that the couple be released. In the meantime, requests from the authorities in the USA for further papers for Schulim low came in, so his visa was still not approved. The German authorities agreed to take in the couple. Troels Hoff, at that time still a public prosecutor and after the war head of the Danish security service , wrote on June 6, 1942 about this case: "One day you will be sent to Poland". On July 11, 1940, Ruth and Schulim low were handed over to the German authorities and taken to Flensburg, where they spent another two months in prison. On September 12th, they were deported to the Schloßhofstrasse labor camp in Bielefeld, where Ruth Niederig and her husband performed forced labor. On March 2, 1942, Ruth Niederig and her husband were deported to Auschwitz. Of the 1,500 deportees, 820 were murdered immediately, Ruth and Schulim low were tattooed and were taken to the camp. Shortly after her arrival at the camp, Ruth low was bitten by sheepdogs and died.

Her husband Schulim low met a former acquaintance in the camp with whom he was a member of the Socialist Party. This acquaintance had meanwhile switched sides and was a prison guard here. With his help, Schulim low was able to survive the forced labor, including for the Buna works , and the camp. In January 1945 he was transferred to Buchenwald, where he was liberated in April 1945. Low came back to Bielefeld. He met a woman who brought a child into the relationship. They moved to Sweden together, and from there to Canada. He changed his name to Fritz Niedrich, worked as a tailor again and opened a shop in Hamilton . In 1987 Fritz Niedrich died of a heart attack in his home in Toronto.

Stolperstein for Ernst Platzko (Copenhagen) .jpg
HERE LIVED
ERNST PLATZKO
BORN 1882
ARRESTED 09/17/1940
deported to GERMANY
09/18/1940
SACHSENHAUSEN
MURDERED 10/16/1942
Bredgade 3
Erioll world.svg
Ernst Platzko was born on April 1, 1882 in Nové Mesto nad Váhom . He was the father of four children: three sons and a daughter. He was a traveling salesman and lived and worked in Vienna. In 1937, Platzko moved to London with his youngest son Karel (later Karl). He was also a traveling salesman in Denmark and Scandinavia for over 20 years . On April 7, 1940, Platzko landed in Denmark with goods from well-known London fashion houses, but two days later the Germans occupied Denmark and Platzko was stuck in Copenhagen. He sold all of his goods to three Danish department stores. The 25,000 kroner brought in by the sale could only be paid out in monthly installments of 6,700 kroner through the Danish National Bank , so that Platzko had to stay in Copenhagen. He had to report to the police three times a week and was instructed to leave the country as quickly as possible. During his forced stay, he lived in the Askestad guesthouse, which was located at 3 Bredgade. On July 26, 1940, Ernst Platzko reported to the police that he had applied for visas for Sweden and the USA, and there was also an affidavit of his son-in-law who lived in the USA. Swedish Consulate Secretary Nils-Eric Ekblad said it would take three weeks, but Platzko would likely be able to get a visa. After two weeks there was a refusal, but he could apply for a visa for Sweden again if he had a visa for the USA. Platzko contacted his son-in-law again to speed up the process, and announced this to the police. On August 23, 1940, he had to surrender his Czech passport, which was only valid until August 18, 1940. In September there was official activity in the Platzko case. On September 12, 1940, German authorities applied for his extradition. This application was made on the basis of a list of names drawn up by the Attorney General Eivind Larsen and sent to the German authorities. Justice Minister Harald Petersen approved the extradition. On September 16, there was another letter from the German authorities regarding the transfer of Platzko to Germany. Platzko was arrested without warning on September 17, 1940 and immediately extradited to Germany the next day. He was in a prison until November 30, 1942, then he was deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and given the prisoner number 34393. He was assigned to Block 38. Ernst Platzko lost his life on October 16, 1942, when the cause of death was given as " pulmonary tuberculosis ".

According to a grandson of Platzko, it has not yet been clarified what happened to the outstanding claim for more than 25,000 kroner.

Stumbling stone for Liselotte Schlachcis (Copenhagen) .jpg
LISELOTTE SCHLACHCIS
LIVED
HERE
BORN 1910
ARRESTED 06/27/1941
SHIPPED TO GERMANY
03/08/1941
MURDERED 01/30/1943
AUSCHWITZ
Borgmestervangen 4A
Erioll world.svg
Liselotte Ruth Schlachcis was born on March 23, 1910 in Pinne , then Prussia . Her parents were Eduard Schlachcis and Martha, née Lewinsohn. From 1922 the family lived in Hamburg-Wandsbek . Schlachci's mother ran a shoe shop there. Liselotte Schlachsis was registered in Segeberg in 1926 , but in 1928 she returned to her mother's apartment "von Riesen". The father had died by 1930 at the latest, the mother had sold her shoe store. Schlachcis became a secretary. In 1931 she moved to Hamm , her mother went to Barmbek in 1932 . In 1932 Schlachcis joined the KPD , which was banned by the National Socialists from 1933 and could only work in secret. She became engaged to the communist Rudolf Lindau, who was executed in 1934. Liselotte Schlachcis was active in the North Section of the KPD, with Paul Kreft and Conrad Blenkle , among others . As a resistance fighter and as a Jew, she was at double risk. She fled to Denmark, Copenhagen. There she lived with her partner Willi Adam, for a time the management cadre of the Northern Section of the illegal KPD in Copenhagen, as well as a couple of friends, both also party members, in a shared apartment. Schlachsic was allegedly betrayed by her partner and arrested in her apartment on June 27, 1941. On August 3, 1941, she was deported to Germany and then spent a year and seven months in Fuhlsbüttel prison in Hamburg . There was a stamp on her prisoner registration card: "Strictly separate from all political prisoners!" On June 26, 1942, she was sentenced to six years in prison for high treason . On July 9, 1942, she was transferred to the Lübeck-Lauerhof women's prison, and on November 14, 1942, to the women's section of the Neumünster prison. On the basis of the order to transfer all Jewish prisoners in German prisons, penitentiaries or concentration camps to the Auschwitz extermination camp, Liselotte Schlachcis was deported to Auschwitz on December 17, 1942 and murdered there by the Nazi regime on January 30, 1943.
Liselotte Schlachcis - Wandsbeker Marktstrasse 79 (Hamburg-Wandsbek) .Stolperstein.nnw.jpg

Liselotte Schlachcis' mother had also fled to Copenhagen. In 1955 she hired a Hamburg lawyer who was supposed to have the high treason ruling overturned, which he succeeded in the same year. Schlachcis' mother tried to have the death of her daughter announced, but unsuccessfully turned to Hans Schwartz, the general secretary of the prisoner organization Amicale Internationale de Neuengamme . However, the prisoner records from the Neumünster correctional facility from the period up to 1945 were lost and the files of the Hamburg public prosecutor's office were destroyed in 1955. Due to this, Liselotte Schlachcis was declared dead retrospectively to May 9, 1945. The exact date of death of Liselotte Schlachcis could only be determined later.

Another stumbling block for Liselotte Schlachcis is at Wandsbeker Marktstrasse 79 in Hamburg.

Stolperstein for Beile Malka Zipikoff (Copenhagen) .jpg
BEILE MALKA
ZIPIKOFF LIVED
HERE, BORN IN
1861, ARRIVED
AS LUGGAGE
October 1, 1943 DEPORTED 1943
THERESIENSTADT
DYED October 21, 1943
Krystalgade 12
Erioll world.svg
Beile Malka Zipikoff , née Unterschlag, was born in Drissa on March 21, 1860, or on an unknown date in 1861 . Her parents were Noah Abraham Unterschlag and Chana Leah, née Riskin. She was married to Zalman Zipikoff (1861-1924), who came from Russia . The couple had six children, including Nisan (born 1887) and Cheike, also Chaja (* 1891 or 1893). In 1905 the family moved to Denmark. In 1924, Beile Zipikoff's husband died and she moved in with one of her daughters, later she moved into the house of the Meyers Minde Foundation. People of the Jewish faith could live freely here. On October 1, 1943, Beile Malka Zipikoff was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp together with 11 other residents of the house with Transport XXV / 2 . Her transport number was 198. On October 5, 1943, the transport arrived in Theresienstadt. Beile Malka Zipikoff lost her life in Theresienstadt on October 21, 1943.

Two children, a grandson, a daughter-in-law and two sons-in-law drowned while fleeing from Denmark to Sweden on October 5, 1943: the eldest son Nathan Nisson and his wife Helene, née Brechner (born 1893), the eldest daughter Chaja and her husband Greinim Greinimann (born 1891), the grandson Jakob (born 1915), son of Eleiser and his wife Leah, née Donde, and the husband of their youngest daughter, Chaim Petrol Wassermann (born 1897).

Individual evidence

  1. nordisch.info: The first stumbling blocks in memory of Nazi victims revealed in Copenhagen , June 18, 2019, accessed on September 2, 2019
  2. ^ The Jewish Hamburg: Dinis, Álvaro , accessed on September 3, 2019
  3. Jorun Poettering: Commerce, Nation and Religion: Merchants between Hamburg and Portugal in the 17th Century , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2013, ISBN 978-3525310229 , p. 301
  4. ^ European Jewish Congress: Denmark , accessed October 11, 2019
  5. ^ Jewish Journal : Denmark revisited: Hatred and violence in the 'Righteous among the Nations' , accessed October 11, 2019
  6. Chr. L. Wiegmann: Brief history of the Christian religion and church life in the Danish states, especially in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein , p. 59
  7. The History of the Jews in Denmark , accessed October 11, 2019
  8. Denmark: Jews in Denmark , accessed October 11, 2019
  9. a b Gerhard Spörl : How Denmark Saved Its Jews from the Nazis, spiegel.de, October 17, 2013, accessed on September 2, 2019
  10. ^ HG Adler: Theresienstadt 1941–1945. The face of a coercive community. Wallstein 2005, ISBN 3-89244-694-6 , p. 778
  11. berlingske.d: Nazismens ofre mindes: Nu bliver snublesten også en realitet i Danmark , accessed on September 2, 2019
  12. My News Desk: Snubbelstenar invigdes i Stockholm , June 14, 2019, accessed on September 2, 2019
  13. Official website of the Mauthausen Memorial: Jacob Thalmay 1907 - 1945 , short biography, written by Charlotte Thalmay, Jacob Thalmay's granddaughter, accessed on July 11, 2019
  14. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : JACOB THALMAY , memorial sheet submitted by his granddaughter, Charlotte Thalmay Waniewitz, accessed on June 22, 2019
  15. snubelsten.org: Jacob Thalmay , with a photo of him and his family, accessed on July 12, 2019
  16. a b Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson: Medaljens bagside , Jødiske flygtningeskæbner i Danmark 1933-1945. Published 2005, 472 pages. ISBN 87-91393-60-4 . Quoted here from the online version , accessed on July 18, 2019. Note: Vilhjálmsson gives the 32nd east transport for Irma Barrasch and October 25, 1943 as the date of death for Julius Barasch, but this does not correspond to the dates on Yad Vashem
  17. snubelsten.org: Irma and Julius Barasch , with a photo of the couple, accessed on July 18, 2019
  18. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names has two entries, both accessed on July 18, 2019:
    • IRMA BARASCH , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives in Koblenz,
    • IRMA BARASCH , based on an entry in the list of deportees from Berlin, Berlin Memorial Book of Jewish Victims of National Socialism, Free University of Berlin 1995.
  19. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names has two entries, both accessed on July 18, 2019:
    • JULIUS BARASCH , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives in Koblenz,
    • JULIUS BARASCH , based on an entry in Death Books from Auschwitz, Remnants, ed. from the State Museum in Auschwitz-Birkenau
  20. snubelsten.org: Herschel Fischel Choleva , accessed on July 23, 2019
  21. holocaust.cz: FISCHEL HERSCHEL CHOLEWA , accessed on July 23, 2019
  22. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names has two entries, both accessed on July 23, 2019:
  23. Sulamtih Choleva, interactive maps , accessed on July 23, 2019
  24. Video excerpt, including Jonisch, can be seen here , accessed on July 24, 2019
  25. The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names : SCHMUL SENDER JONISCH , based on an entry in the Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch , accessed on July 24, 2019
  26. Snublesten: Schmul Sender Jonisch (1899-1944) , accessed on July 24, 2019
  27. Deskgram: #danishjewsintheresienstadt , accessed July 24, 2019
  28. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names : PINKHAS KATZ , based on an entry in the Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch , accessed on August 3, 2019
  29. snubelsten.org: Pinkus Katz , accessed on August 3, 2019
  30. Gedcom-udskrift for Gerda ROTHENBURG: Generation 3 , accessed on August 16, 2019
  31. ^ Jødisk Information Center: Arrestation og deportation , accessed on August 16, 2019
  32. Leo Säbel, interactive map , accessed on August 16, 2019
  33. snubelsten.org: Thora Krogmann , accessed on August 16, 2019
  34. holocaust.cz: THORA KROGMANN , accessed on August 16, 2019
  35. Kristeligt Dagblad: Holocausts ofre mines nu i Københavns gader , accessed on August 16, 2019
  36. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names has two entries, both accessed on August 16, 2019:
  37. snublesten.org: Rosa Nachemsohn , accessed on August 17, 2019
  38. holocaust.cz: ROSA NACHEMSOHN , accessed on August 17, 2019
  39. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: ROSA NACHEMSOHN , based on an entry in the Theresienstädter Gedenkbuch, accessed on August 17, 2019
  40. Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson: Medaljens bagside - jødiske flygtningeskæbner i Danmark 1933-1945, Vandkunsten, Copenhagen 2005, pp. 83-96
  41. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: Ernst Platzko , submitted by his daughter Jana Katzenellenbogen, accessed on August 20, 2019
  42. Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson: Medaljens bagside - jødiske flygtningeskæbner i Danmark 1933-1945, Vandkunsten, Copenhagen 2005, pp. 97-108
  43. politiken.dk: Jøder kræver dansk undskyldning , accessed on August 20, 2019
  44. Ursel Hochmuth: Nobody and nothing is forgotten - biograms and letters from Hamburg resistance fighters 1933-1945. An Ehrenhain documentation in text and pictures , published by the VVN - Bund der Antifaschisten eV Hamburg, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-89965-121-9 , p. 88
  45. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names has two entries, both accessed on August 30, 2019:
    • LISELOTTE SCHLACHCIS , based on an entry in the memorial book of the Federal Archives in Koblenz, here with an obviously incorrect date of death (deported on December 17, 1942, murdered on January 30, 1942),
    • LISELOTTE SARA SCHLACHCIS , based on an entry in the Auschwitz Book of the Dead
  46. Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Liselotte Schlachcis , accessed on August 30, 2019
  47. holocaust.cz: BEILE MALKA ZIPIKOFF-UNTERSCHLAG , accessed on September 3, 2019
  48. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names has four entries for Beile Malka Zipikoff, all accessed on September 3, 2019:
  49. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names : NATHAN NISSON CIPIKOFF , based on a Page of Testimony by Salo Wassermann, a nephew, from 1995
  50. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: HELENE CIPIKOFF , based on a Page of Testimony by Salo Wassermann, a relative, from 1995
  51. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: CHAJA GREINIMANN , based on a Page of Testimony by Salo Wassermann, a grandson of Beile Malka Zipikoff, from 1995
  52. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: GREINIM GREINIMANN , based on a Page of Testimony by Salo Wassermann, a grandson of Beile Malka Zipikoff, from 1995
  53. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: JAKOB CIPIKOFF , based on a Page of Testimony by Salo Wassermann, a grandson of Beile Malka Zipikoff, from 1995
  54. The Central Database of Shoah Victim's Names: CHAIM BENZION WASSERMANN , based on a Page of Testimony by Salo Wassermann, the son, from 1974
  55. snubelsten.org: Beile Malka Zipikoff , accessed on September 2, 2019