List of stumbling blocks in the Pays de la Loire region

Four stumbling blocks in L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer

The list of stumbling blocks in the Pays de la Loire region includes the stumbling blocks in the French region of Pays de la Loire . They remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . The stumbling blocks are laid by Gunter Demnig . As a rule, they are in front of the victim's last self-chosen place of residence. In this region, however, twelve of the thirteen stumbling blocks that have been laid so far lie in front of the memorial for the fallen of their hometown. The laying in this region was carried out in close cooperation with the Hamburg Stumbling Stone Project, as the stones laid so far are all dedicated to French forced laborers who perished in Hamburg and for whom Stolpersteine ​​were also laid in Hamburg.

The relocations took place in late September and early October 2013 by the artist personally.

Forced labor in Germany

→ Main article : Nazi forced labor

France capitulated on June 22, 1940. The Vichy regime was established and collaborated with the victorious Nazi regime . The chief plenipotentiary for the war effort, Fritz Sauckel , requested workers from France, but despite the unemployment caused by the war, only a few volunteers were found in Germany, around 17,000. The Vichy government then passed a law in 1942 which forced men between 18 and 50 and women between 21 and 35 to work abroad. As a result, many French decided to go underground and hide. The Service du travail obligatoire (STO) was founded in February 1943 and, together with the law passed in 1942, recruited between 600,000 and 650,000 workers for Germany. About 50,000 of them were killed.

Foreign workers in a German arms factory, August 1944

In the Vendée approximately 4,200 forced laborers were recruited. Around one hundred of them died in concentration camps of the Nazi regime, interned on suspicion of sabotage . Even so, many forced laborers in their homeland were viewed as collaborators and traitors. They were only recognized and rehabilitated as "victims of forced labor in National Socialist Germany" in 2008.

Late in the evening of July 1, 1943, a group of forced laborers from the Vendée department arrived in Hamburg. The young French were born in 1921 and 1922 and were already fully active - as farmers, bricklayers, elementary school teachers or fishermen. Six of them were married and some had young children. They duly followed the recruitment - often after long deliberations and discussions - and were quartered in the forced labor camp at Norderstrasse 23 in Altona, today's Virchowstrasse. The building complex, consisting of an infantry barracks (on Norderstraße), a dragoon barracks (on today's Eschelsweg) and smaller buildings inside, was previously used as a nursing home and as a so-called insane asylum until mid-1941 . After that, the facility was used for bombed out and forced laborers. In April 1942 around 450 young men had arrived from the Ukraine. They represented the largest contingent in the camp right up to the end. On July 4, 1943, the personal details of the French forced laborers were recorded in the house registration file. In the group, consisting of Catholics from the Vendée, a close feeling of togetherness quickly developed. Those who had just arrived were assigned to auxiliary work in the port, some were referred to inland waterway operators.

During the Allied bombing of Hamburg in late July / early August 1943 ( Operation Gomorrah ) around 34,000 people were killed, including an unknown number of forced laborers whose camp on Norderstrasse (Altona) had been hit. They were buried because the camp's air raid shelter could not withstand the force of the attacks. Survivors had to work their way out of the rubble with their hands.

List of laid stones

Some of the tables can be sorted; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN L'AIGUILLON SUR MER LIVED ALEXANDRE LAMBERT GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	in front of the Fallen Memorial	Alexandre Lambert was born on April 15, 1921. He lived in L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer, was a fisherman and married. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.
	IN L'AIGUILLON SUR MER LIVED RENÉ PARIS GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	in front of the Fallen Memorial	Renè Paris was born on May 17, 1921. He lived in L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer, was a fisherman and single. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.
	IN L'AIGUILLON SUR MER LIVED JEAN ROSSIGNOL GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR TOT 04.10.1944 HAMBURG	in front of the Fallen Memorial	Jean Rossignol was born on February 26, 1921. He lived in L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer, was a fisherman and single. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He survived the night of bombing in Hamburg from July 24th to 25th, 1943, but died of typhus on April 10th, 1944. He was buried in the Ohlsdorf cemetery . His body was later transferred to his hometown and reburied.
	IN L'AIGUILLON SUR MER LIVED ROGER ROULLAND GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	in front of the Fallen Memorial	Roger Roulland was born on January 14, 1921. He lived in L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer, was a fisherman and single. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.

Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN BEAULIEU SOUS LA ROCHE LIVED RENÉ DEAU GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	Rue des Sables (in front of the church )	René Deau was born on December 20, 1921. He lived in Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche, was an elementary school teacher and got engaged on June 24, 1943, shortly before he started his forced labor. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. In a letter to his family, he described the conditions under which the young men from the Vendée had to live in the Hanseatic city: “We're not always welcome in the city because people sometimes throw stones and earth at us and we can't defend ourselves. But on other occasions we also almost like the population. [...] Don't worry, there are a lot of alarms, yesterday for example four, but an airplane never flies over Hamburg. My impression is that the English don't have enough planes to reach this city. Do not be afraid for me, the worst that can happen to me is that I have to stay here for a long time, but God will protect me because I give myself completely to his providence. " René Deau died on the night of the bombing in Hamburg from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.
	IN BEAULIEU SOUS LA ROCHE LIVED MARCEL JAULIN GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	Rue des Sables (in front of the church )	Marcel Jaulin was born on November 25, 1921. He lived in Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche, was a primary school teacher and married. When he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor on June 28, 1943, his wife was pregnant with a son. Marcel Jaulin died on the night of the bombing in Hamburg from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.

Bourneau

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN BOURNEAU LIVED HILAIRE MARS GEB. 1922 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	Rue du Chateau (in front of the Monument to the Fallen)	Hilaire Mars was born in Bourneau on November 20, 1922. He was the youngest of three siblings and completed an apprenticeship as a baker. He was recruited by the Germans for forced labor and had to build log houses on the Île d'Oléron . After his vacation he was supposed to be deployed in Germany. His father wanted to hide it, but he refused. The Germans shot his father. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found. His older sister, Germaine Printemps-Mars, attended the relocation ceremony, surrounded by their children and nephews. Moved, she thanked Gérard Guignard, the mayor of Bourneau. The laying of the Stolperstein was seen in the press as a manifestation of Franco-German friendship .

Fontaines

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN FONTAINES LIVED PIERRE RAMBAUD GEB. 1922 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	Rue des Venelles 10	Pierre Rambaud was born on September 20, 1922. He lived in Fontenay-le-Comte, Fontaines, was a bricklayer and single. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.

Fontenay-le-Comte

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	FONTENAY LE COMTE LIVED DANIEL BOUTIN GEB. 1922 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	110 Rue de la Villa Gallo Romaine (in front of the Monument to the Fallen)	Daniel Boutin was born on March 13, 1922. He lived in Fontenay-le-Comte, was a blacksmith, married and had a daughter. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.
	ANDRÉ LÉGER GEB. LIVES IN FONTENAY LE COMTE . 1922 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	110 Rue de la Villa Gallo Romaine (in front of the Monument to the Fallen)	André Léger was born on November 19, 1922. He lived in Fontenay-le-Comte and was a woodcutter and farmer. He was married. When he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor on June 28, 1943, his wife was pregnant with a daughter. André Léger died on the night of the bombing in Hamburg from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.

Longèves

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN Longeves LIVED CAMILLE CHARPENTIER GEB. 1922 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	31-25 Rue Abbé Rousteau (in front of the monument to the fallen in the cemetery)	Camille Charpentier was born on November 17, 1922. He lived in Longéves, was a farmer and single. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.

Mervent

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN MERVENT LIVED PIERRE TRILLAUD GEB. 1922 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	Place du Héraut (in front of the Monument to the Fallen)	Pierre Trillaud was born on December 19, 1922. He lived in a forester's house in Mervent, was a forester, married and had two children. When he was drafted into forced labor on June 28, 1943 and deported to Hamburg-Altona, his wife was pregnant with their third child, a son. Pierre Trillaud died on the night of the bombing in Hamburg from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found. His children were present at the laying ceremony, as was Joël Bobineau, the mayor of Mervent. Pierre Trillaud's family announced that this recognition was a little late, but it was important to let people know that the recruits had no chance of escaping forced labor.

Nieul-sur-l'Autise

image	inscription	Location	Name, life
	IN NIEUL SUR L'Autise LIVED GUY MERCIER GEB. 1921 FORCED LABOR KILLED 07/25/1943 BOMBING HAMBURG	Place de l'Abbaye (in front of the Monument to the Fallen)	Guy Mercier was born on April 14, 1921. He came from Nieul-sur-l'Autise, was a primary school teacher and single. On June 28, 1943 he was deported to Hamburg-Altona for forced labor. He died there on the night of the bombing from July 24th to 25th, 1943. His body was not found.

Stumbling blocks in Hamburg

→ Main article : List of stumbling blocks in Hamburg-Altona-Altstadt

A survivor of the forced labor camp in Norderstrasse, Louis Deslandes, wrote a letter to the First Mayor of Hamburg, Olaf Scholz , in autumn 2011 and asked him to commemorate his compatriots who perished in Hamburg in an appropriate way. The Altona district assembly then founded a working group. Two commemorative events were organized. In January 2013, Gunter Demnig laid 14 stumbling blocks in Jessenstraße in front of the Technical Town Hall in Altona: one stumbling block with a general explanation and 13 stumbling blocks for each of the forced laborers who died. Relatives of the victims also attended the inauguration.

Jessenstrasse was not the location of the forced labor camp. The warehouse was located behind the Technical Town Hall in the Virchowstraße, Mörkenstraße, Grotjahnstraße and Eschelsweg districts. The location was chosen because the actual site is located in an industrial area that is rarely used today.

Stumbling blocks in the Pays de la Loire region

The chairman of the Altona committee for culture and education, Stefanie Wolpert (Greens), called on the population to take on sponsorships and give the families from the Vendée the stumbling blocks. Sielke Reineke, daughter-in-law of the businessman who had helped Louis Deslandes, founded a research group in Hamburg to research the fate of the forced laborers from the Vendée who died in Hamburg. She also spoke at the ceremony to mark the laying of the stumbling blocks in the Vendée. The joint Franco-German memorial work should "secure a lasting peace for our tomorrow - here and elsewhere."

• 

  L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer

• 

  Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche

• 

  Bourneau

• 

  Fontaines

• 

  Fontenay-le-Comte

The stumbling blocks in this region were laid by Gunter Demnig on the following days:

• September 30, 2013: Fontaines , Fontenay-le-Comte , Nieul-sur-l'Autise
• October 1, 2013: Bourneau , Longèves , Mervent
• October 2, 2013: L'Aiguillon-sur-Mer , Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche

See also

• List of places with stumbling blocks

Web links

Commons : Stumbling blocks in France  - collection of images

• Stolpersteine.eu , Demnig's website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Stolpersteine ​​in front of the Technisches Rathaus Altona, Jessenstraße 1–3, Altona-Altstadt , accessed on March 1, 2018.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Ouest-France : Les STO vendéens, les oubliés de l'Histoire , October 2, 2013, accessed on March 3, 2018.
3. ↑ Elbe Wochenblatt : 13 young men - no one was older than 23 years ( memento of the original from March 6, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , January 2013, accessed March 1, 2018. 
4. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Stolpersteine ​​in front of the Technisches Rathaus Altona, Jessenstraße 1–3, Altona-Altstadt , accessed on March 5, 2018.
5. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: ALEXANDRE LAMBERT * 1921 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
6. ^ Stumbling blocks Hamburg: Alexandre Lambert Memoire. (PDF), with a portrait of Alexandre Lambert, accessed on February 27, 2018.
7. ↑ Stolpersteine Hamburg: RENE PARIS * 1921 , accessed on February 27 2018th
8. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Renè Paris Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Renè Paris, accessed on February 27, 2018.
9. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: JEAN ROSSIGNOL * 1921 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
10. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Jean Rossignol Memoire , with two portraits by Jean Rossignol, accessed on February 27, 2018.
11. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: ROGER ROULLAND * 1921 , accessed on February 28, 2018.
12. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Roger Roulland Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Roger Roulland, accessed on February 28, 2018.
13. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: RENE DEAU * 1921 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
14. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Charpentier René Deau Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of René Deau, accessed on February 27, 2018.
15. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: MARCEL JAULIN * 1921 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
16. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Charpentier Marcel Jaulin Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Marcel Jaulin, accessed on February 27, 2018.
17. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: HILAIRE MARS * 1922 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
18. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Hilaire Mars Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Hilaire Mars, accessed on February 27, 2018.
19. ^ 11 November: un hommage rendu à Hilaire Mars. In: Ouest-France . November 13, 2013, accessed February 27, 2018.
20. ↑ PIERRE RAMBAUD * 1922 , accessed on February 28, 2018.
21. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Pierre Rambaud Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Pierre Rambaud, accessed on February 28, 2018.
22. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: DANIEL BOUTIN * 1922 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
23. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Charpentier Daniel Boutin Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Daniel Boutin, accessed on February 27, 2018.
24. ↑ Stolpersteine Hamburg: ANDRE LEGER * 1922 , accessed on February 27 2018th
25. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: André Léger Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of André Léger, accessed on February 27, 2018.
26. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: CAMILLE CHARPENTIER * 1922 , accessed on February 26, 2018.
27. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Charpentier Camille Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Camille Charpentier, accessed on February 27, 2018.
28. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Pierre Trillaud Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Pierre Trillaud, accessed on February 28, 2018.
29. ↑ Stolpersteine Hamburg: PIERRE TRILLAUD * 1922 , accessed on February 27 2018th
30. ^ Ouest-France : Un pavé en souvenir de Pierre Trillaud, victime du nazisme. October 7, 2013, accessed February 27, 2018.
31. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: GUY MERCIER * 1921 , accessed on February 27, 2018.
32. ↑ Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg: Guy Mercier Memoire (PDF), with a portrait of Guy Mercier, accessed on February 28, 2018.
33. ↑ Flickr: In Memory of ... , view of the laying structure in Hamburg and all portraits of the victims, accessed on March 4, 2018.
34. ↑ GREEN ALTONA: Looking for sponsors for stumbling blocks in the Vendée , August 26, 2013, accessed on March 5, 2018.
35. ↑ Chronicle. In: stolpersteine.eu. Retrieved August 3, 2018 . 

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