List of stumbling blocks in Vorarlberg

Stumbling blocks in Lingenau

The list of stumbling blocks in Vorarlberg contains the stumbling blocks in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg , which remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists in Vorarlberg. The stumbling blocks were laid by Gunter Demnig .

Dedications

The six stumbling blocks that were laid in the Bregenzerwald community of Lingenau in 2011 are dedicated to the victims of child euthanasia and the T4 campaign , the targeted murder of mentally or physically disabled adults by the Nazi regime . The range of victims killed ranges from 8-year-old Maria Rosa Bechter to 82-year-old Anna Brugger.

The heyday of the Jewish community in Hohenems was in the first half of the 19th century. At its peak, the community counts 564 people. On the basis of the December constitution of 1867, Jews were free to choose their place of residence and there was a strong emigration to neighboring cities and towns. In 1935 the Jewish community had only 35 members. After the annexation of Austria in 1938 there was a radical expropriation of all property, land and houses of people of Jewish origin and the physical extermination of all Jews who remained in Hohenems . Nine stumbling blocks have been a reminder of this since 2014.

Some of the tables can be sorted; the basic sorting is done alphabetically according to the family name.

Hohenems

The following stumbling blocks were laid in the city of Hohenems :

image	inscription	Place of installation	Name, life
	HANS DAVID ELKAN JG LIVED HERE . 1900 INVOLVEDLY MOVED 1940 VIENNA DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED July 23, 1944	Hohenems, Schweizer Strasse 35	Hans David Elkan , born on May 22, 1900 in Hohenems , was the stepson of Helene Elkan and the biological son of Theodor Elkan. His mother was a cousin of Helene Elkan, Betty Menz. She died shortly after her son was born. He studied philosophy with Husserl and Heidegger at the University of Freiburg and graduated with a dissertation on Plato. In 1934 he obtained the license to teach at the University of Innsbruck and he was able to teach for a few years as a trial teacher in Dornbirn and Feldkirch without payment, but was refused a proper apprenticeship. After the National Socialists came to power, he was no longer allowed to teach. An essay he wrote on Friedrich Schiller's 175th birthday was published and he was working on a historical map collection for the state archive. After the National Socialists came to power, he and his father took care of matters relating to the Jewish community in Hohenems . So they tried to bring the Torah scroll from the synagogue in Hohenems to a safe place in St. Gallen, unfortunately in vain, and until his death they looked after Lehmann Lev Heilbronner, who was left alone in a mental institution in poor condition. Hans Elkan was forcibly relocated to Vienna in May 1940 together with his parents, Helene and Theodor Elkan. He tried unsuccessfully to obtain an opportunity to leave the country. In 1942 he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , where he was murdered on July 23, 1944.
	HELENE ELKAN GEB. LIVED HERE NEUBURGER JG. 1879 INVOLVEDLY MOVED 1940 VIENNA DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED 28.2.1944	Hohenems, Schweizer Strasse 35	Helene Elkan , née Neuburger, was born on December 30, 1879 in Bad Buchau. She was the eldest of five children and at the age of 23 she married the widowed Theodor Elkan, who already had a two-year-old son. Together with her husband she moved to Hohenems and devoted herself to Theodor's son, as she did not have children of her own. She lived from her husband's insurance business until the family were forcibly quartered in a “Jewish apartment” in Vienna in May 1940 (first in Czerningasse, then in Türkenschanze). While his son Hans was looking for opportunities to leave the country, Helene and her husband, who is now 60 years old, had no chance. Two difficult years passed before the Elkans were deported to Theresienstadt on August 20, 1942, together with the IV / 8 deportation train. Her husband perished in the camp a few days later, on September 1st. Helene survived for a year and a half until she was murdered by the Nazi regime on February 28, 1944.
	THEODOR ELKAN JG LIVED HERE . 1864 UNFOLILIENTLY MOVED 1940 VIENNA DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED September 1st, 1942	Hohenems, Schweizer Strasse 35	Theodor Elkan was born on May 17, 1864 in Vienna . He became a bank clerk and insurance agent, and met Betti Menz from Hohenems, whose father represented an insurance company there. He married her in 1898 and they settled down together in Hohenems at 35 Schweizerstraße. Two years later son Hans was born. Theodor is now head of the Jewish community. On April 3, 1900 his wife Betti died and the widowed father married her cousin, Helene Neuburger, who moved to live with him in Hohenems. Together with Iwan Rosenthal, he had the copper roof removed from the synagogue tower on the occasion of a metal donation for the war. Together they write a tower deed in which they state that their community is threatened with extinction. In a letter in 1932, Theodor Elkan saw the once extraordinary Jewish community of Hohenems as "a very small Jewish community that only lives from memories." In 1935, Theodor Elkan was re-elected as community leader. As the cult leader, he holds the festive prayers. In November 1938, he had to watch how the Torah scrolls and the Torah jewelry from the synagogue were confiscated. In May 1940, the Elkans were forcibly relocated to Vienna. First housed in Czerningasse, one year later, in May 1941, they had to move to an overcrowded " Jewish house " in Türkenschanze. The family was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on August 20, 1942, where Theodor was murdered twelve days after arrival on September 1, 1942.
	HERE LIVED GISELA Figdor JG. 1882 UNFOLILIENTLY MOVED 1940 VIENNA TOT January 25, 1942	Hohenems, Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Strasse 2	Gisela Figdor , born on June 9, 1882 in Vienna . Her parents divorced just a year after she was born. Her father, Moritz Figdor, is said to have worked as a financier. Together with her mother, Alwine Schwarz, she settled in Hohenems, where she was born. There they were registered in 1924 in a Jewish poor house in what was then Israelitengasse 42 (now Hannibalstrasse 8). Later they lived in a supply home in the market community at Kaiserin Elisabethstrasse 2. After their mother Alwine died in 1931, Gisela was left alone and public welfare took care of her. Gisela is now sick and emotionally damaged. On January 31, 1939, a so-called "ID card" was applied for for them. When she was to be forcibly relocated to Vienna in 1940, she protested loudly against the arrest, according to witness statements, and thus initially evaded resettlement. From July 10, 1940, she was finally registered as living in Vienna at Malzgasse 16. Seriously ill, she lived in the misery of a “Jewish apartment” and died on January 18, 1942 in the provisional Jewish hospital in Vienna. She is buried in the Central Cemetery on January 25th.
	HERE LIVED CLARA HEIMANN GEB. ROSENTHAL JG. 1866 INVOLVEDLY MOVED 1940 VIENNA DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT MURDERED November 20, 1942	Hohenems, Schweizer Strasse 5	Clara Heimann , née Rosenthal, was born on November 5, 1866 as the daughter of Charlotte and Anton Rosenthal in Hohenems . In 1891 she married the Belgian Josef Heimann, with whom she lived in Antwerp until his death. Then she returned to the small Jewish community in Hohenems, where her parents also lived. There she lived in the Villa Rosenthal. In 1936, however, she sold it to the Hohenems family of doctors, the Burtschers. Nevertheless, she still lived in two rooms in the house. Like all remaining members of the Jewish community in Hohenems, she was forcibly relocated to Vienna on May 31, 1940. The now almost eighty-year-old woman was housed there under oppressive conditions in various apartments until she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp on July 10, 1942 , where she was murdered on November 20, 1942.
	FRIEDA NAGELBERG JG LIVED HERE . 1889 UNFOLILIENTLY MOVED 1942 VIENNA DEPORTED 1942 GHETTO IZBICA MURDERED 1942	Hohenems, Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Strasse 2	Frieda Nagelberg was born in Stryi on November 30th . Her family lived in poor conditions. In 1896 the father moved to Hohenems, but mother and daughter only came two years later. Frieda's father died in 1924, leaving the family practically destitute. After the end of the First World War, Stryi was now in Poland, and Frieda could not obtain Austrian citizenship. Among other things, she worked as a home embroiderer and as a household helper in Dornbirn. In 1930 she joined the Adventists, a Christian denomination, and was baptized. In the same year, after another application, she finally received Austrian citizenship. When her mother died of a heart attack in 1931 and Frieda became seriously ill herself, she was no longer able to work and was placed in a care home in Hohenems. In the spring of 1940 the last Jews remaining in Hohenems were forcibly resettled to Vienna, but Frieda was initially not on the list of names because of her new religious affiliation. The deportation dragged on, but on February 25, 1942 she was also relocated to Vienna. Her health was in such poor condition that she had to be escorted to the train by a gendarme. Soon after her arrival, on April 9, 1940, she was deported to the Izbica ghetto in Poland. There is no evidence that she left this alive.
	MARKUS SILBERSTEIN JG LIVED HERE . 1904 DEPORTED 1939 GROSS-ROSEN MURDERED 1/20/1942	Hohenems, Burgstrasse 7	Markus Silberstein was born on September 20, 1904 as the oldest of three children in Lemberg . In 1910 his family moved to Vienna. His mother died in August 1921 at the age of 41 and a year later the father left his children alone in Vienna and disappeared with his new girlfriend to Berlin. Barely 18 years old, Markus and his siblings were now on their own. He tried his hand at various professions, such as a photographer, commercial agent and precision mechanic. At the age of 31 he settled in Hohenems in 1935. After he had put some valuables in a safe deposit box of a Swiss bank in St. Gallen in 1939, he was arrested on November 23, 1939. One month later he was first deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin and on September 20, further deported from there to the Groß-Rosen concentration camp in Poland. Markus Silberstein was murdered there on January 20, 1942, at the age of 38. His brother Arthur was also deported to Sachsenhausen in 1940 and murdered on March 18th four days after his arrival. The only survivor was his sister Helena, who managed to emigrate to England in 1939.
	HERE LIVED SOPHIE STONE Graber HAUSER GEB. ROSENTHAL JG. 1863 UNFOLILIENTLY MOVED 1940 VIENNA DEPORTED 1942 THERESIENSTADT 1942 TREBLINKA MURDERED 23.9.1942	Hohenems, Schweizer Strasse 35	Sophie Steingraber-Hauser , née Rosenthal, was born on September 16, 1863 in Hohenems . At the age of 23 she married Siegmund Steingraber in the Vienna City Temple. During the marriage, the two lived in Vorarlberg, as Sophie's family was settled in Hohenems and her husband in Bregenz at Schenk & Co. Was employed as an authorized signatory. Siegmund Steingraber died in Vienna on November 15, 1912 and was buried two days later at the Vienna Central Cemetery. At the age of 52, Sophie married the auxiliary rabbi Ignaz Hauser in Bratislava on November 23, 1915. A year earlier, Ignaz moved to Hohenems to succeed Rabbi Josef Link. In general, the impression arose as if the marriage of the two had only been concluded for the purpose of Ignaz's naturalization in Hohenems. However, he was unable to obtain citizenship; instead, Sophie was later given a Hungarian passport. In 1919 she asked for the right of home to be restored in Hohenems, but it was not until 1922 that she received it through the help of her father Ludwig, who waived his own home certificate in favor of his daughter. Although the couple probably separated before 1923, Sophie was officially declared divorced only from 1940. Until 1940 she lived together with the Runge family in an apartment in the Elkan house in Hohenems. After she was forcibly relocated to Vienna on May 31, 1940, she lived there for two more years and was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp on July 28, 1942 together with her sister Josefine . On September 23, 1942, she was deported on to Treblinka , where she was probably murdered immediately upon arrival.
	ALOIS 'LOUIS' LIVED HERE BECAUSE JG. 1878 DEPORTED 1938 DACHAU MURDERED 08/19/1938	Hohenems, Schweizer Straße 19 (today forecourt Salomon-Sulzer-Saal)	Alois (Louis) Weil was born on December 7, 1878 in Hohenems . His father was a prayer leader for the Jewish community and ran a small general store in the rabbi's house. Louis was a merchant by profession and was at times politically active with the Communists. He also worked as a librarian in the Hohenems Education Club from 1901. On October 30, 1906, he married Laura Hauser from Baden-Württemberg. His father Jakob and his wife Laura both died in 1934, and four years later his mother Rachel also died in Hohenems. Louis was deported to the Dachau concentration camp on June 23, 1938 . There he was murdered shortly afterwards, on August 19, 1938.

Lingenau

The following stumbling blocks were laid in the municipality of Lingenau :

image	inscription	Place of installation	Name, life
	LUDWIG BADER JG LIVED IN LINGENAU . 1875 ADMITTED 1941 HALL MURDERED 27.7.1942 ACTION T4	Lingenau, Hof 17 (cemetery entrance to the parish church of Saint John the Baptist)	Ludwig Bader was born in 1875. In 1941 he was admitted to the Hall sanatorium, where he was murdered on July 27, 1942 in the course of Operation T4 .
	MARIA ROSA BECHTER JG LIVED IN LINGENAU . 1935 DISTRIBUTED 1942 IRSEE MONASTERY MURDERED 8.3.1943 ACTION T4		Maria Rosa Bechter was born in 1935. The medical officer of the Bregenz district, Dr. Theodor Leugner, examined Maria Rosa Bechter and reported her to the Reich Committee for Scientific Research into Hereditary and Constitutional Ailments in Berlin. As a result, she was admitted to the Irsee Monastery Sanatorium in 1942, where she was murdered on March 8, 1943 as part of the T4 campaign . In May 2009, a stumbling block for Maria Rosa Bechter was laid in front of the Irsee Monastery .
	ANNA BRUGGER JG LIVED IN LINGENAU . 1859 DISTRIBUTED 1941 HALL MURDERED 12.3.1941 ACTION T4		Anna Brugger was born in 1859. In 1941 she was admitted to the Hall sanatorium, where she was murdered on March 12, 1941 in the course of Operation T4 .
	OTTO DORNER JG LIVED IN LINGENAU . 1886 ADMITTED 1941 HALL MURDERED 20.2.1945 ACTION T4		Otto Dorner was born in 1886. In 1941 he was admitted to the Hall sanatorium, where he was murdered on February 20, 1945, shortly before the fall of the Nazi regime, as part of Operation T4 .
	VERONIKA ERATH JG LIVED IN LINGENAU . 1929 DISTRIBUTED 1941 HARTHEIM SANCTUARY MURDERED 27.3.1941 ACTION T4		Veronika Erath was born on December 20, 1929 in Oberlauchau. In 1941 she was deported from the Rankweil nursing home to Hartheim , where she was murdered on March 27, 1941 as part of Operation T4 .
	DOMINIKUS PETER JG LIVED IN LINGENAU . 1903 DISTRIBUTED 1941 HARTHEIM SANCTUARY MURDERED April 2nd, 1941 ACTION T4		Dominikus Peter was born on October 30, 1903. In 1941 he was admitted to the Hartheim sanatorium, where he was murdered on April 2, 1941 in the course of Operation T4 .
	THE VICTIMS OF 'EUTHANASIA' IN THE LINGENAU COMMUNITY		This stumbling block is generally dedicated to the victims of euthanasia in the Lingenau community. The racial ideology of National Socialism unreservedly accepted the maxim that the strongest would always prevail on the level of individuals as well as that of peoples and states. Hitler not only wanted to oppress or murder other peoples and races classified as “inferior”, but also to “eradicate” the weak and sick within his own national community. A series of murder programs to establish National Socialist racial hygiene , including the T4 campaign for disabled adults, child euthanasia and the segregation and murder of the Jewish population group , were designed and implemented. The child euthanasia program affected so-called “hereditary” infants and children as well as children with epilepsy as well as those children who were diagnosed with “nonsense” by a Nazi psychiatrist.

Laying data

The Stolpersteine ​​in Vorarlberg were laid by Gunter Demnig personally on the following days:

• July 10, 2010: Lingenau
• June 30, 2014: Hohenems

swell

• City of Hohenems : "Stumbling blocks" will in future remind of the Jewish victims of the Nazi era , June 18, 2014
• Jewish Museum Hohenems : Biographies , accessed on January 27, 2016

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Vorarlberg  - collection of pictures

• Stolpersteine , official Demnig website

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap