List of stumbling blocks in Oslo-West

The list of stumbling blocks in Oslo-West lists all of the stumbling blocks in the western boroughs of Oslo , in the affluent boroughs of Nordre Aker , Ullern and Vestre Aker . Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . The Stolpersteine ​​were designed by the German artist Gunter Demnig and are mostly laid by himself. As a rule, the stumbling blocks are in front of the last self-chosen place of residence of the victim. Stumbling blocks are called snublesteiner in Norwegian .

All stumbling blocks in these parts of the city are dedicated to Jewish victims. The first relocations in Oslo took place in 2010.

Holocaust in Norway

Right Odd Nansen (1901–1973), founder of Nansenhilfe for refugees and stateless persons

Norway was occupied by German troops from April 9, 1940 to May 8, 1945. At that time there were around 2,100 Jewish Norwegians and refugees from Central Europe in the country. Of these, around a thousand people were able to save themselves to neutral and unoccupied Sweden. Immediately after the German troops marched in, smear campaigns against Jews and the Aryanization in Norway began . Step by step, the Jews in the country were robbed of all their belongings. The first mass arrests took place in late autumn 1942. On November 26, 1942, the Norwegian police and Gestapo handed over 532 Norwegian Jews (302 men, 188 women and 42 children) to the SS. They arrived in Stettin on a cargo ship belonging to the North German Lloyd , the Danube , and from there they were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. 346 of them, including all women and children, were murdered in the gas chambers immediately upon arrival on December 1, 1942. 186 men survived the selection and were tattooed with the numbers 79064 to 79249. Only nine of them were able to survive the Shoah . On February 25, another 158 Jews were shipped to Stettin on the Gotenland and brought to Auschwitz via Berlin. 28 men were classified as fit for work, the others murdered immediately. This happened on March 3, 1943.

Stumbling blocks in Oslo-West

Twelve stumbling blocks were laid in the Nordre Aker district , three in Ullern and one in Vestre Aker .

Nordre Aker

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Life
	HERMAN FELDMAN LIVED AT NUMBER 15A BORN 1918 DEPORTED 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 08/20/1943	Kapellveien 15A	Herman Feldman was born on March 1, 1918. His birth parents were Bernhard Davidsen (born 1892) and Nina, née Freiman (born 1895). His parents were from Russia, he had four siblings: David (1917), Michael (1921), Ruth (1924) and John Charles (1935). The marriage of his aunt Sonja Rakel, née Freiman, to Jacob Feldmann remained childless. So the family agreed that Herman would be adopted by the Feldmans. His adoptive parents were well off financially. Herman Feldman attended middle and business school and was an avid tennis player. On October 22, 1942, he and his friend Willy Schermann tried to flee to Sweden by train. They traveled together with seven other Jews, a non-Jewish woman who was married to one of the refugees and two escape helpers. During a check by the Norwegian border police, an incident occurred, the escape helper Karsten Løvestad shot and killed an officer in a panic. The perpetrator as well as Herman and Willy jumped off the train. Herman and Willy were injured and sought shelter with farmers, but were eventually found and arrested. The newspapers reported extensively and the incident was used by the German occupiers as an excuse to arrest all Jewish men in Norway over the age of 15 four days later. Herman Feldman was imprisoned and tortured. On February 25, 1943, he was deported to Auschwitz on the cargo ship Gotenland and then in a cattle wagon . There he was placed in a barrack for political prisoners. Herman Feldman was executed on August 20, 1943. His birth parents and all siblings were murdered in Auschwitz. His adoptive parents were robbed and murdered by smugglers while fleeing to Sweden. The bodies were sunk in Skrikerudtjern in Trøgstad, a lake just a few kilometers from the border with Sweden. His name is engraved on the monument against violence / for freedom and peace at Disen Holdeplass. Stumbling blocks for his birth parents and siblings are in Strømmen, twenty kilometers east of Oslo.
	JACOB FELDMAN LIVED ON NUMBER 15A BORN 1891 KILLED 10/27/1942 TRØGSTAD	Kapellveien 15A	Jacob Feldman was born on April 3, 1891 in Kiev , Ukraine . He came to Norway in 1911. He was married to Rakel Sonja, nee Freiman (born 1891), who came from Homel . He attended business school and had his own company. After he and his wife remained childless, the couple adopted one of his sister-in-law's children, Herman (born 1918). Herman tried to flee to Sweden with a friend and other Jews in October 1942, the escape failed and Herman Feldmann was arrested. Jakob Feldman and his wife tried to flee to Sweden immediately after their adopted son was arrested. On October 27, 1942, Jacob Feldman and his wife were murdered, robbed of their valuables, and the bodies sunk in Skrikerudtjern, a lake just a few kilometers from the border. The perpetrators, escape helpers, were caught in 1947, they admitted that they had planned the act, but were acquitted in a process, which led to a newspaper debate. It was suspected, among other things, that the acquittal was only possible because the murdered couple were Jews. His adopted son Herman was executed in Auschwitz in 1943.
	ON NUMBER 15A LIVED RAKEL SONJA FELDMAN born FREIMAN BORN 1891 KILLED 10/27/1942 TRØGSTAD	Kapellveien 15A	Rakel Sonja Feldman , née Freiman, was born on May 5, 1891 in Homel , then Russia. At least she had a sister, Nina. Rakel Freiman came to Norway in 1912 and married Jacob Feldmann (born 1891) from Kiev. The couple remained childless, so she and her husband adopted one of their sister Nina's children, Herman (born 1918). Herman tried to flee to Sweden with a friend and other Jews in October 1942, the escape failed and Herman Feldmann was arrested. Rakel Sonja Feldman and her husband tried to flee to Sweden immediately after their adoptive son was arrested. On October 27, 1942, Rakel Sonja Feldmann and her husband were murdered by escape helpers, robbed of their valuables and the bodies sunk in Skrikerudtjern, a lake just a few kilometers from the border. The perpetrators were caught in 1947, they admitted that they had planned the act, but were acquitted in a process, which led to a newspaper debate. It was suspected, among other things, that the acquittal was only possible because the murdered couple were Jews. Her adopted son, Herman, was executed in Auschwitz in 1943. Her sister and her family were also victims of the Shoah .
	JULIUS HEALBUT LIVED HERE BORN 1863 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Irisveien 20	Julius Heilbut was born on April 10, 1863 in Hamburg. He was the son of Simon Jacob Heilbut (1820-1892) and Benvenida (1821-1893) and had seven siblings. Julius Heilbut was married to Roalie, née Sonn. The couple had three children: Anita (1891–1952), Luise (1893–1942) and Eva (1895–1962). Heilbut and his wife Rosalie came to Norway as a refugee in 1938 and moved to Oslo to live with their daughter Luisem, who was married to Seligmann. On November 26, 1942, Julius Heilbut, his wife and daughter Luise were arrested, transported to Akershuskai and taken to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship . From there they were deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Julius Heilbut, his wife and daughter were murdered in a gas chamber on the day of their arrival, December 1, 1942. His son-in-law Julius Seligmann and the two grandchildren Erik and Rolf were also murdered in Auschwitz. His two daughters Anita and Eva had emigrated to the USA in the 1930s and survived.
	HERE LIVED ROSALIE HEILBUT GEB. SONN BORN 1868 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Irisveien 20	Rosalie Heilbut , née Sonn, called Lalla was born on September 22nd, 1868 in Hamburg. She was married to Julius Heilbut. The couple had three children: Anita (1891–1952), Luise (1893–1942) and Eva (1895–1962). Rosalie Heilbut and her husband came to Norway as refugees in 1938 and moved to Oslo with their daughter Luise. On November 26, 1942, Rosalie Heilbut, her husband and daughter Luise were arrested, transported to Akershuskai and taken to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship . From there they were deported to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Rosalie Heilbut, her husband and their daughter were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival on December 1, 1942. Her son-in-law Julius Seligmann and the two grandchildren Erik and Rolf were also murdered in Auschwitz. Her two daughters Anita and Eva emigrated to the USA in the 1930s and survived.
	HERE LIVED ERIK OTTO SELIGMANN BORN 1916 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED	Irisveien 20	Erik Otto Seligmann was born in Oslo in 1916, then still Kristiana. his parents were the merchant Richard Sally Seligmann and Luise, née Heilbut. He had two brothers, Hans and Rolf, and a sister, Margit. His older brother Hans died in 1932. A source (Sogn culture) gives an accident as the cause of death, snubelstein gives heart failure as the cause of death. His sister Margit died of tuberculosis in 1934 . Erik Otto Seligmann trained as an advertising artist. On October 26, 1942, he was arrested along with his father and brother and interned in Bredtveit prison in Oslo. From there they were taken to the Berg prison camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, they were brought to Stettin with the Danube cargo ship, together with his mother and grandparents, and finally to Auschwitz, where the transport arrived on December 1, 1942. Erik Otto Seligmann was assigned to work in the camp, but fell ill a short time later and did not survive the camp. His grandparents, parents and brother were also murdered in Auschwitz.
	HERE LIVED LOUISE BENVENIDA SELIGMANN GEB. SALVATION BORN 1893 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Irisveien 20	Luise Benvenida Seligmann , née Heilbut, was born in Hamburg in 1893. Her parents were Julius Heilbut and Rosalie. She had four siblings. In 1913 she came to Norway and married Richard Sally Seligmann here. The couple had four children: Hans (born 1914), Erik Otto (born 1916), Margit (born 1918) and Rolf (born 1920). Son Hans died in 1932, depending on the source, either of heart failure or an accident, her daughter Margit died of tuberculosis two years after Hans. Luise Seligmann was a translator. In 1938 her parents also came to Norway and moved in with her and her family. Her husband and sons were arrested in October 1942, and a month later, on November 26, 1942, she and her parents were also arrested. On the same day, the entire family, including her husband and sons, was taken to Stettin by cargo ship Danube and finally to Auschwitz. Luise Benvenida Seligmann, her husband and her parents were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival on December 1, 1942. Her sons were registered to work in the camp but did not survive either.
	HERE LIVED RICHARD SALLY SELIGMANN BORN 1884 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 01/12/1942	Irisveien 20	Richard Sally Seligmann was born in Hamburg-Wandsbek in 1884 . He had a degree in business administration and had worked as a bank clerk before moving to Norway in 1905. He established himself as a businessman. He traded in hides, tannins and machines, and later ran a tannery. In 1913 he married Luise Benvenida Heilbut, who was also from Hamburg. Two years later, Seligmann bought the property at Halvdan Svartes Gate 30b. The couple had four children: Hans (born 1914), Erik Otto (born 1916), Margit (born 1918) and Rolf (born 1920). He received Norwegian citizenship in 1920, and from 1927 he became editor of the magazine Lær, Sko og Skinn . He was a member of the museum association and initiated the establishment of a shoe museum in the Technical Museum in 1941. His eldest son Hans died of heart failure in 1932 (according to another source from an accident). Two years later, daughter Margit also died. His in-laws fled Germany and came to the Seligmanns in 1938. Richard Seligmann received Norwegian citizenship in 1920. He later worked as the editor of Leather, Shoes and Leather magazine (founded in 1927), was also a lifelong member of the Museum Association and initiated the establishment of a Norwegian shoe museum in the Technical Museum in 1941. On October 26, 1942, Richard Seligmann was arrested along with his sons. His father-in-law was too sick and was spared. Watches, money and bank books were confiscated. You were interned in Bredtveit prison in Oslo. From there she was taken to the Berg prison camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, they were taken, together with his wife and parents-in-law, to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and finally to Auschwitz, where the transport arrived on December 1, 1942. Richard Sally Seligmann was murdered there, together with his wife and in-laws, on the day of their arrival in a gas chamber. His sons were registered to work in the camp but did not survive either.
	HERE LIVED ROLF SALLY SELIGMANN BORN 1920 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED	Irisveien 20	Rolf Sally Seligmann was born on September 23, 1920 in Oslo, then still Kristiana. He was the youngest child of the businessman Richard Sally Seligmann and his wife Luise, née Heilbut. He graduated from business school and then worked in the magazine desk of his father, who had published Lær, Sko og Skinn magazine since 1927 . His oldest brother died in 1932 and his sister in 1934. On October 26, 1942, Rolf Seligmann was arrested along with his father and brother. You were interned in Bredtveit prison in Oslo. From there she was taken to the Berg prison camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, they were brought to Stettin with the Danube cargo ship, together with his mother and grandparents, and finally to Auschwitz, where the transport arrived on December 1, 1942. Rolf Seligmann had already been found to have tuberculosis when he was arrested in October 1942. He was registered for the camp. Rolf Seligmann lived only a short time; he died of tuberculosis in Auschwitz.
	HERE LIVED JENNY MARIE GRAPEVINE BORN 1938 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 01/12/1942	Grefsenveien 30-32	Jenny Marie Weinstock was born on June 20, 1938 as the daughter of Josef Weinstock and Sara, née Krupp, in Oslo. On November 26, 1942, she and her mother were arrested by Norwegian state police officers and deported on the Danube cargo ship on the same day . The transport went to Stettin and from there by cattle wagons to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Immediately after arriving on December 1, 1942, four-year-old Jenny Marie Weinstock and her mother were murdered in a gas chamber. Her father, her grandfather and six aunts and uncles were also deported to Auschwitz and murdered by the Nazi regime
	HERE LIVED JOSEF GRAPEVINE BORN 1908 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED March 1943	Grefsenveien 30-32	Josef Weinstock was born on October 21, 1908 in Kristiania, as Oslo was then called. He was the youngest child of Isaac Weinstock and his wife Jenny Marie, née Osther, and had five siblings. He graduated from middle school and then commercial school and became a sales representative. In 1935 he married Sara Krupp (born 1909). The couple had a daughter, Jenny Marie, born in 1938. On October 26, 1942, Josef Weinstock was arrested and imprisoned in Bredtveit prison in Oslo. Two days later he was taken to the Berg prison camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Josef Weinstock was murdered by the Nazi regime in March 1943. His wife and daughter and two sisters, Fanny and Bertha, were also deported to Auschwitz and murdered there.
	SARA WEINSTOCK GEB. LIVED HERE KRUPP BORN 1909 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Grefsenveien 30-32	Sara Weinstock was born on December 12, 1909 in Kristiania, as Oslo was then called. She was one of seven children of Moses Krupp (1885-1943) and Mina, nee Becker (1882-1932), who immigrated to Norway in 1905. She married Josef Weinstock (born 1908) and became a housewife. The couple had a daughter, Jenny Marie, born in 1938. Her husband was arrested and a month later, on November 26, 1942, Sara was also arrested with her four-year-old daughter, Jenny Marie. On the same day, mother and child were deported to Germany on the Danube cargo ship . From Stettin the Norwegian Jews were taken to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Sara Weinstock and her daughter were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after arriving in the concentration camp on December 1, 1942. Her husband, her father and four of her brothers (Isaac, Hermann, Leopold and Benjamin) were also deported to Auschwitz and killed.

Ullern

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Life
	ISAK KRUPP LIVED HERE BORN 1905 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED January 22, 1943	Lilleakerveien 34	Isak Krupp was born in Stettin on May 15, 1905 . He was the eldest son of Moses Krupp (1885-1943) and Mina, née Becker (1882-1932), both of whom came from Lithuania . The small family emigrated to Norway in the year he was born, where six siblings were finally born: Israel (born 1908), Sara (born 1909), Leopold (born 1911), Hermann (born 1913), Bernhard (born 1916) and Sofie "Tippa" (born 1919). Isak Krupp became a businessman and married Rachel, née Rothschild, who came from Riga. In the summer of 1942 they had a son, Jan Larry, named Lasse . On October 26, 1942, Isak Krupp was arrested and interned by the Norwegian state police. On November 26, 1942, he was deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp . On board the ship were his wife and son, his sister Sara (married Weinstock) and their four year old daughter Jenny. However, it is not known whether Isak Krupp knew this and was able to speak to them, because women and men were strictly separated on board. There were also three of his brothers on board: Leopold, Hermann and Bernhard. They all came to the Auschwitz extermination camp in cattle wagons . While the men survived the selection at the ramp, were tattooed and assigned to forced labor, the women and children had to bare themselves and were driven naked into the gas chambers and murdered immediately upon arrival. His wife and son, sister and niece died on December 1, 1942. Within a few weeks, the three younger brothers died of the conditions in the concentration camp. Finally, Isak Krupp was the last to die on January 22, 1943 in Auschwitz. His father, who was only deported on the cargo ship Gotenland at the end of February 1943 , was also murdered in Auschwitz by the Nazi regime. The stumbling blocks for most of Isak Krupp's relatives are in the Sagene district , while that for his brother Leopold was relocated in the Frogner district . Brother Israel and Sister Sofie, who fled to Sweden at the last minute - in November 1942 - survived. Israel Krupp took an active part in the resistance movement in Norway during the Nazi regime. His only son died of meningitis in Sweden.
	JAN LARRY (LASSE) KRUPP LIVED HERE BORN 1942 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Lilleakerveien 34	Jan Larry Krupp , known as Lasse, was Norway's youngest victim of the Holocaust. He was born in Oslo on July 28, 1942 and murdered in Auschwitz on December 1 of the same year. His parents were Isak Krupp (1905-1943) and Rachel, née Rothschild (1907-1942), who was gassed together with the baby. The Nazi regime also murdered his father, grandfather, three uncles, an aunt and 4-year-old cousin Jenny Marie Weinstock.
	RACHEL KRUPP GEB. LIVED HERE ROTHSCHILD BORN 1907 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Lilleakerveien 34	Rachel Krupp was born on August 10, 1907 in Riga , Latvia. Her parents were Leopold Rothschild (1875–1933) and Bertha, née Hirsch (born 1875). Rachel came to Norway in 1909, attended a business school and then worked as a typist. She married Isaac Krupp. The couple had a son, Jan Larry, called Lasse, born on July 28, 1942. A few months later, on October 26, 1942, their husband was arrested, and a month later the young mother and child were arrested. All three were deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship , but it is uncertain whether they could see and speak, as women and men were separated during the transport. Rachel Krupp and her son were murdered in a gas chamber immediately after their arrival in Auschwitz on December 1, 1942. Isaac Krupp was assigned to forced labor and lost his life a month and a half later, on January 22, 1943. Isaac Krupp's father and four of his siblings were also murdered in Auschwitz. Stolpersteine ​​were laid for them in the districts of Frogner and Sagene.

Vestre Aker

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Life
	BENNO RAMSON LIVED HERE BORN 1896 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED JANUARY 1943	Gulleråsveien 15	Benno (Bernt Elieser) Ramson was born on October 28, 1896 in Kristiania , as Oslo was then called. His parents were Elias Ramson (1863-1941) and Clara, née Ackerman (born 1865). His father was from Lithuania, his mother from Russia. He had at least one younger brother, Abraham. Benno Ramson ran a clothing factory on the eighth floor of Hausmanns gate , which produced women's clothing that was mainly bought by the better-off. He married Hanna Rebecca (Rexie) from Lithuania, née Rosenberg (born 1902). The couple had two children: Else (born 1934) and Sonja-Maiken (born 1936). When the Nazis invaded Norway, he made a "gentleman agreement" on his factory, with 50 percent transferred to someone who would run the company until the end of the war. Ramson planned to escape as soon as he learned he was in danger. No sooner had the agreement been made than his "business partner" called the Gestapo and warned that Benno Ramson wanted to flee and that he must be arrested immediately. On October 26, 1942, Ramson was arrested and taken to Berg Detention Center. From there he was deported to Auschwitz on November 26, 1942 with the Danube cargo ship and then in a cattle wagon . Benno Ramson died there in January 1943. In October 1942 the Gestapo stormed the house of the Ramson family, gave them 15 minutes to pack and drove their wife and daughters away. Neighbors helped. Resistance fighters hid the family in Oslo and found a way to escape. His wife and daughters were finally able to escape to Sweden, with the last group who managed to escape. The villa at Gulleråsveien 15 was confiscated by the Germans. After the war ended, the family returned to Norway. Benno Ramson met his younger brother Abraham in Berg. He was married to a non-Jewish woman and was the only doctor in his region. After a letter arrived at the prison asking for his release so that he could continue to care for the sick, he was released. Benno Ramson, suspecting his fate, gave him his gold watch as a farewell.

Web links

Commons : Stumbling Blocks in Norway  - Collection of Images

• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ^ Danuta Czech : Calendar of the events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945 . Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-498-00884-6 , p. 347
2. ↑ Astrid Hygen Meyer: Aldri mer November 26th. In: klassekampen.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
3. ^ Israel Gutman, Eberhard Jäckel, Peter Longerich, Julius H. Schoeps (eds.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust - the persecution and murder of the European Jews. 2nd Edition. Piper, Munich / Zurich, April 1998, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , B. II, pp. 1013-1016, keyword: Norway
4. ↑ Snublestein.no: HERMAN FELDMAN , accessed on May 21, 2020
5. ↑ Lokalhistoriske bildebaser i Oslo: DISEN HOLDEPLASS - KRIGSMINNESMERKET, PLAKETTEN 2016 , accessed on May 25, 2020
6. ↑ Snublestein.no: JACOB FELDMAN , accessed on May 21, 2020
7. ↑ Snublestein.no: RAKEL SONJA FELDMANN, F. FREIMAN , accessed on May 21, 2020
8. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Heilbut, Julius , accessed on May 27, 2020
9. ↑ Snublestein.no: JULIUS HEILBUT , accessed on May 21, 2020
10. ^ Commemorative book victims of the persecution of Jews under the Nazi tyranny in Germany 1933–1945: Heilbut, Rosalie Lalla , accessed on May 27, 2020
11. ↑ Snublestein.no: ROSALIE HEILBUT , accessed on May 21, 2020
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Sogn kultur- og historielag: Krigsskjebner i Kongleveien / , accessed on May 27, 2020
13. ↑ Snublestein.no: ERIK OTTO SELIGMANN , accessed on May 21, 2020
14. ↑ Snublestein.no: LUISE BENVENIDA SELIGMANN , accessed on May 21, 2020
15. ↑ Snublestein.no: RICHARD SALLY SELIGMANN , accessed on May 21, 2020
16. ↑ Bjarte Bruland : Holocaust in Norway: Registration, Deportation, Destruction, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2019, p. 782, ISBN 978-3525310779
17. ↑ Snublestein.no: ROLF SALLY SELIGMANN , accessed on May 21, 2020
18. ↑ Snublestein.no: JENNY MARIE WEINSTOCK (1938-1942) , accessed on May 21, 2020
19. ↑ Bjarte Bruland: Holocaust in Norway: Registration, Deportation, Destruction, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2019, p. 783, ISBN 978-3525310779
20. ↑ Snublestein.no: JOSEF WEINSTOCK (1908-1943) , accessed on May 21, 2020
21. ↑ Bjarte Bruland: Holocaust in Norway: Registration, Deportation, Destruction, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2019, p. 783, ISBN 978-3525310779
22. ↑ Snublestein.no: SARA WEINSTOCK (1909-1942) , accessed on May 21, 2020
23. ↑ Snublestein.no: ISAK KRUPP , accessed on May 21, 2020
24. ↑ Snublestein.no: JAN LARRY ?? LASSE ?? KRUPP , accessed on May 21, 2020
25. ↑ Snublestein.no: RACHEL KRUPP F. ROTHSCHILD , accessed on May 16, 2020
26. ↑ Snublestein.no: RACHEL KRUPP F. ROTHSCHILD , accessed on May 21, 2020
27. ↑ Snublestein.no: BENNO RAMSON , accessed on May 21, 2020
28. ↑ ELSE (RAMSON) ULLMANN , accessed on May 31, 2020

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