List of stumbling blocks in Oslo South

The list of stumbling blocks in Oslo-Süd lists all stumbling blocks in the district (Bydel) Nordstrand , one of the three southern districts of the Norwegian capital Oslo . No stumbling blocks have yet been laid in the other two districts of Oslo South. Stumbling blocks remind of the fate of the people who were murdered, deported, expelled or driven to suicide by the National Socialists . The Stolpersteine ​​were designed by the German artist Gunter Demnig and are mostly laid by himself. As a rule, the stumbling blocks are in front of the last self-chosen place of residence of the victim. Stumbling blocks are called snublesteiner in Norwegian .

All the stumbling blocks in this district are dedicated to Jewish victims. The first relocations in Oslo took place in 2010.

Holocaust in Norway

Samuel Steinmann's prisoner uniform in Buchenwald concentration camp, 1945, Jødisk Museum, Oslo

Norway was occupied by German troops from April 9, 1940 to May 8, 1945. At that time there were around 2,100 Jewish Norwegians and refugees from Central Europe in the country. Of these, around a thousand people were able to save themselves to neutral and unoccupied Sweden. Immediately after the German troops marched in, smear campaigns against Jews and the Aryanization in Norway began . Step by step, the Jews in the country were robbed of all their belongings. The first mass arrests took place in late autumn 1942. On November 26, 1942, the Norwegian police and Gestapo handed over 532 Norwegian Jews (302 men, 188 women and 42 children) to the SS. They arrived in Stettin on a cargo ship belonging to the North German Lloyd , the Danube , and from there they were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. 346 of them, including all women and children, were murdered in the gas chambers immediately upon arrival on December 1, 1942. 186 men survived the selection and were tattooed with the numbers 79064 to 79249. Only nine of them were able to survive the Shoah . On February 25, another 158 Jews were shipped to Stettin on the Gotenland and brought to Auschwitz via Berlin. 28 men were classified as fit for work, the others murdered immediately. This happened on March 3, 1943.

Stumbling blocks in Oslo south

North beach

By the end of 2019, ten stumbling blocks had been laid at three addresses in Nordstrand .

Stumbling block	translation	Location	Name, life
	LIEBALI LIV HIRSCH LIVED HERE BORN 1922 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Colonel Rodes vei 86	Liebali Liv Hirsch was born in Oslo on April 21, 1922. Her parents were Fillip Hirsch (born 1888) and Charlotte, née Rothenberg (born 1888). She graduated from middle and commercial school and then worked in an office. She lived alone. Relatives tried to warn Hirsch about persuading her to come to Sweden, but she felt safe as the Norwegian she saw herself as. One day after this warning, on November 26, 1942, she was arrested and transported to Akershuskai and from there to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship . On December 1, 1942, she arrived at the Auschwitz extermination camp . Liebali Liv Hirsch was murdered in a gas chamber immediately upon arrival. Her father fled to Sweden on November 16, 1942, her mother had also been arrested, but was taken to a hospital and also fled to Sweden, where she arrived in May 1943.
	ELIAS PLAVNIK LIVED HERE BORN 1915 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 23.3.1943	Solveia 112	Elias Plavnik was born in Oslo on August 14, 1915. He was the son of Salomon Plavnik (born 1882) from Kaunas and his wife Rosa, née Lahn (born 1888), also from Lithuania. He had three siblings, Sonja (born 1910, later married Meirowitz), Josef (born 1912) and Oscar (born 1919). Plavnik graduated from business school and then worked as a freight forwarder. In 1934 his mother died. He managed to escape the wave of arrests on October 26, 1942, but out of concern for his family members, he volunteered. On October 30, 1942, he was taken to the Berg prison camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was deported with his brother Oscar and his father on the Danube cargo ship to Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. Elias Plavnik was assigned to forced labor there; he lost his life on March 23, 1943. His father was murdered in a gas chamber immediately after arriving in Auschwitz. His brother was also assigned to forced labor and lost his life in February 1943. His two other siblings and his stepmother Sara Lea, née Schidorsky, managed to escape to Sweden.
	HERE LIVED OSCAR Plavnik BORN 1919 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 02/05/1943	Solveia 112	Oskar Plavnik was born in Oslo on January 25, 1919. He was the youngest son of Salomon Plavnik from Kaunas (born 1882) and his wife Rosa, née Lahn (born 1888), also from Lithuania. He had three siblings, Sonja (born 1910), Josef (born 1912) and Elias (born 1915). He graduated from business school and was a trained textile tailor. His mother died in 1934. He tried to flee to Sweden with a friend, but was arrested during the escape in autumn 1942. He was taken to the Berg prison camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he was deported with his brother Elias and his father on the Danube cargo ship to Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. He was assigned to forced labor. He suffered frostbite on his hands and was taken to the sick barrack. From there, Oscar Plavnik was sent to a gas chamber on February 5, 1943 and murdered. His father was murdered in a gas chamber immediately after arriving in Auschwitz. His brother was also assigned to forced labor and lost his life in March 1943. His two other siblings managed to escape to Sweden.
	SALOMON LEIBA PLAVNIK LIVED HERE BORN 1882 DEPORTED 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 1.12.1942	Solveia 112	Salomon Leiba Plavnik was born on January 18, 1882 in Kaunas , Lithuania. At least he had a sister. During the Russo-Japanese War he fought in the Russian army. It was there that he met Salomon Steinmann (1882–1973). He married his sister and they fled together to Sweden and then on to Norway, where they arrived in 1910. He married Rosa Lahn (born 1888), who was also from Lithuania. The couple had four children: Sonja (born 1910), Josef (born 1912), Elias (born 1915) and Oscar (born 1919). In 1912 Plavnik and Steinmann founded a company in Oslo (then Kristiana), Dressmagasinet . Business was successful, employing 60 people. Salomon Plavnik received a commercial letter in 1913. His wife died in 1934. His second marriage was to Sara Lea, née Schidorsky (born 1894), who came from Stockholm. On November 25, 1942, when Salomon Plavnik was in hospital, he was arrested and the next day deported together with his sons Elias and Oscar on the Danube freighter to Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. The transport arrived on December 1, 1942. Salomon Leiba Plavnik was murdered in a gas chamber immediately upon arrival. Dressmagasinet was seized by the liquidation committee and in 1943 the committee's director, Ludwig Svinndal , took over the business. Salomon Plavnik's sons were assigned to forced labor in Auschwitz; both were murdered in 1943. His wife Sara and two other children were able to flee to Sweden.
	HERE LIVED CHARLES SCHER MAN BORN 1915 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 02/15/1943	Mosseveien 203	Charles Schermann was born in Oslo on December 31, 1915. He was the eldest son of Estonian Moritz Moses Schermann (born 1889) and his wife Marie, née Lahn, who was born in Lithuania in 1890. He had four brothers: Elias (born 1917), Willy (born 1918), Oskar (born 1925) and Arnold (born 1930). Schermann worked as an employee. His first arrest took place in the summer of 1941, and he was released three weeks later. He was arrested again on October 23, 1942. On November 26, 1942, he was deported with his brother Oskar and his father to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. All three were given a number and had to do forced labor. Charles Schermann only survived the camp conditions for a few weeks; he lost his life on February 15, 1943. His father and brother Oskar did not survive either. His brother Willy was later deported to Auschwitz and executed on August 20, 1943. His mother and two other brothers fled to Sweden and survived.
	HERE LIVED MORITZ MOSES SCHER MAN BORN 1889 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 01/20/1943	Mosseveien 203	Moritz Moses Schermann was born on December 28, 1889 in Dorpat , Estonia. He was married to Marie, née Lahn (born 1890) from Klikol , Lithuania. The couple came to Oslo in 1913 and had five sons: Charles (born 1915), Elias (born 1917), Willy (born 1918), Oskar (born 1925) and Arnold (born 1930). Moritz Schermann was an employee. His first arrest took place in the summer of 1941, and he was released three weeks later. He was arrested again on October 23, 1942. On November 26, 1942, he and two of his sons were deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. All three were given a number and had to do forced labor. Moritz Moses Schermann lost his life in Auschwitz on January 20, 1943. His sons Charles, Oskar and Willy did not survive Auschwitz either. His wife and two other sons managed to escape to Sweden.
	HERE LIVED OSKAR SCHER MAN BORN 1925 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED March 1943	Mosseveien 203	Oskar Schermann was born on January 19, 1925 in Oslo. His parents were Moritz Moses Schermann (born 1889) from Estonia and his wife Marie, née Lahn, who was born in Lithuania in 1890. He had four brothers: Charles (born 1915), Elias (born 1917), Willy (born 1918) and Arnold (born 1930). Oskar Schermann was employed as a guard in a bookstore. On October 23, 1942, he was arrested at work and on November 26, 1942, he was deported together with his brother Charles and his father on the Danube cargo ship to Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. All three were given a number and had to do forced labor. Oskar Schermann lost his life there in March 1943. His father and his brothers Charles and Willy did not survive Auschwitz either. His mother and his other brothers managed to escape to Sweden.
	HERE LIVED WILLY SCHER MAN BORN 1918 deported in 1943 AUSCHWITZ KILLED 08/20/1943	Mosseveien 203	Willy Schermann was born in Oslo on November 14, 1918. His parents were Moritz Moses Schermann (born 1889) from Estonia and his wife Marie, née Lahn, who was born in Lithuania in 1890. He had four brothers: Charles (born 1915), Elias (born 1917), Oskar (born 1925) and Arnold (born 1930). Willy Schermann was a tailor by profession. On October 22, 1942, he tried to flee to Sweden by train. With him were Herman Feldmann, seven other men of Jewish faith and a gentile woman, as well as two helpers who were supposed to bring them across the border. Willy Schermann and his friend Hermann Feldmann were in a compartment with one of the helpers, when a border and state police came to check it, the helper shot a policeman in a panic. All three jumped off the train and hid in different places. Willy Schermann hid in a cellar, tried to cut his wrists with a piece of glass, the suicide attempt failed and he was found the next day. His friend Feldmann was also caught, both were detained for 4 months and tortured. On February 25, 1943, both were transferred to Gothenburg and deported from there to Auschwitz. Willy Schermann and his friend Hermann Feldmann were executed there on August 20, 1943. His father Moritz and his brothers Charles and Oskar had been deported to Auschwitz before him and were no longer alive when he got there.
	HERE LIVED HARRY STONE MAN BORN 1920 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ KILLED January 1943	Solveia 112	Harry Steinmann was born on January 10, 1920 in Oslo. He was the son of Salomon Steinmann from Kaunas and Mina from Plavnik , nee Plavnik (born 1885). He had four siblings and his mother died when he was ten years old. Harry Steinmann attended commercial high school and then worked in the family business Dressmagasinet that his father and uncle had founded together. Together with his cousin Oscar Plavnik, he tried to flee to Sweden. He was arrested in Hønefoss and taken to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg on October 27, 1942. On November 26, 1942, he and his brother Samuel were deported to Stettin on the Danube cargo ship and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. He was tattooed with a number and assigned to forced labor. He had an accident and was taken to the sick bay. Harry Steinmann did not recover quickly enough, in January 1943 he was murdered in a gas chamber. His brother Samuel (1923–2015) was one of the few Norwegian Jews who survived the death camps and death marches. His brother Karl married in Stockholm before the war and survived, his father and sisters were able to flee to Sweden.
	HERE LIVED SAMUEL LEON STEINMANN BORN 1923 deported in 1942 AUSCHWITZ DEATH MARCH 1945 Buchenwald SURVIVE	Solveia 112	Samuel Leon Steinmann was born on August 24, 1923. He was the youngest son of Salomon Steinmann, who came from Kaunas, andMina, née Plavnik (born in 1885),from Plavnik . He had four siblings. His mother died when he was a child. His father and uncle were the owners of Dressmagasinet . He attended grammar school and was still a student when he was arrested in October 1942 and taken to the Berg internment camp near Tønsberg. On November 26, 1942, he and his brother Harrywere deportedon the Danube cargo shipto Stettin and from there to the Auschwitz extermination camp. He was tattooed with a number and assigned to forced labor. Samuel Steinmann had to clean windows and was then deployed to the hospital in Monowitz. Samuel was transferred to the window cleaning and later to the hospital service in Monowitz . In January 1945 the prisoners were sent on a death march as the Red Army was advancing. Themarch ended in Buchenwald concentration camp . On May 30, 1945, he returned to Oslo as one of the few surviving Norwegian Jews. In 2012 he was awarded the Kongens fortjenstmedalje in gold. He died on May 30, 2015. He was the last survivor of the Jews deported from Norway.

Søndre north beach

No relocations until the end of 2019.

Østensjø

No relocations until the end of 2019.

Web links

Commons : Stumbling Blocks in Oslo  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Chronicle of the laying of the stumbling blocks on the website of Gunter Demnig's project

Individual evidence

1. ^ Danuta Czech : Calendar of the events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945 . Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-498-00884-6 , p. 347
2. ↑ Astrid Hygen Meyer: Aldri mer November 26th. In: klassekampen.no. Jødisk Museum Oslo, accessed April 28, 2020 . 
3. ^ Israel Gutman, Eberhard Jäckel, Peter Longerich, Julius H. Schoeps (eds.): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust - the persecution and murder of the European Jews. 2nd Edition. Piper, Munich / Zurich, April 1998, ISBN 3-492-22700-7 , B. II, pp. 1013-1016, keyword: Norway
4. ↑ Irene Levin Berman: 'We Are Going to Pick Potatoes': Norway and the Holocaust, The Untold Story, Hamilton Books 2010, ISBN 9780761850403 , p. 86
5. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: LIEBALI LIV HIRSCH , accessed on May 15, 2020
6. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: ELIAS Plavnik , accessed on May 15, 2020
7. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: OSKAR PLAVNIK , accessed on May 15, 2020
8. ↑ Ministry of Justice and Police: NOU 1997: 22 Inndragning av jødisk eiendom i Norge under den 2. verdenskrig , accessed on May 16, 2020
9. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: SALOMON LEIBA PLAVNIK , accessed on May 15, 2020
10. ↑ Oslo Byleksikon: Solveien , accessed on May 16, 2020
11. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: CHARLES SCHERMANN , accessed on May 15, 2020
12. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: MORITZ MOSES SCHERMANN , accessed on May 15, 2020
13. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: OSKAR SCHERMANN , accessed on May 15, 2020
14. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: WILLY SCHERMANN , accessed on May 15, 2020
15. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: HARRY STEINMANN , accessed on May 15, 2020
16. ↑ Jødisk Museum Oslo: SAMUEL LEON STEINMANN , accessed on May 15, 2020

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap