List of existing papal tiaras

The Papal Tiara is a crown that was worn by the Catholic Popes for centuries until it was rejected by Pope John Paul I for his coronation in 1978. It has always been interpreted as a sign of the pope's secular rule. It is currently used in the coat of arms of the Holy See and the Vatican City , but since Benedict XVI. no longer in the Pope's personal coat of arms. Every year on the feast day of Peter, his statue is crowned in St.

Popes commissioned jewelers to make the tiaras or received them as gifts. When Rome was occupied by French troops in 1798 , all but one of the tiara were stolen or destroyed. Since then the popes have again received or used twenty tiaras as gifts. Several were not borne at all by the popes. This is especially true for those who were given to the incumbent Pope after 1963.

List of papal tiaras that still exist

List of papal tiaras

		Surname	year	Remarks
1		Tiara of Pope Gregory XIII.	1572-1585	The oldest existing tiara, made by Cristoforo Foppa. It was originally set with emeralds (404.5 carats), which were later used for Napoleon's tiara.
2		Paper mache tiara	1800	Manufactured for the coronation of Pope Pius VII in exile in Venice, while the remaining tiaras were confiscated by French forces in Rome in 1798. It was decorated with jewels donated by the local population. Was worn as a light variant for many decades.
3		Napoleon tiara	1804	Napoleon Bonaparte presented this tiara to the Pope
4th		Tiara of Pope Gregory XVI.	1834	One of the most worn tiaras. Was founded by Pius IX, Pius X and Pius XII. carried.
5		Tiara of Pope Gregory XVI.	1845
6th		Tiara of Pope Gregory XVI.	Date unknown	Easy execution
7th		Tiara of Pope Pius IX.	1846	Coronation tiara
8th		Spanish tiara	1855	A gift from Isabella II. She weighs three pounds.
9		Tiara of Pope Pius IX.	late 1850s	A gift from the Congregation of the Holy Cross . It is on display in the Basilica of the Sacred Heart at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana .
10		Belgian tiara	1871	A gift to Pope Pius IX. by the women of the Royal Court of Belgium, made by Jean-Baptiste Bethune of Ghent .
11		Tiara of Pope Pius IX.	1870s	Easy execution
12		Palatine tiara	1877	A gift from the Palatingarde to Pope Pius IX. on his golden bishop's jubilee.
13		German tiara	1887	A gift from Kaiser Wilhelm I for the golden jubilee of Pope Leo XIII.
14th		Paris tiara	1888	A gift from the Catholics of Paris for the golden jubilee of Pope Leo XIII. By Émile Froment-Meurice .
15th		Austrian tiara	1894	A gift from Emperor Franz Joseph I.
16		Golden tiara	1903	Presented by Cardinal Pietro Respighi on behalf of the world's Catholics on the silver jubilee of Pope Leo XIII. as Pope.
17th		Tiara of Pope Pius X.	1908	A gift from the papal jeweler Tatani for the golden jubilee of Pope Pius X.
18th		Tiara of Pope Pius XI.	1922	A gift from the Archdiocese of Milan .
19th			1959	A gift for Pope John XXIII. by the citizens of Bergamo , his homeland, in honor of his choice.
20th		Tiara of Pope Paul VI.	1963	The last tiara to be worn for the papal coronation. Made by a Milanese craftswoman in a modern style with small ornaments. A very light version. Displayed in the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception Basilica in Washington, DC .
21st			1981	Made for Pope John Paul II by the Hungarian Catholics. Unworn. Whereabouts unknown.
22nd			2011	Was Pope Benedict XVI. shown by a group of German Catholics on May 25, 2011. Unworn.
23			2016	Was presented to Pope Francis on May 16, 2016 by the President of the Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia, Trajko Veljanov . Made by the nuns of the Rajcica Monastery. Unworn.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Tiara papal ( es ) Holy See Press Office. April 3, 2001. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
2. ↑ Hartwell de la Garde Grissell: Replies: Vatican Emerald . In: A Medium of Intercommunication for Literary Men, General Readers, Etc. . 9, London, January-June 1896, pp. 9-10. Accessed August 31, 2017.
3. ^ Rhodri Marsden: Rhodri Marsden's Interesting Objects: Pope Pius VII's paper crown . In: The Independent , March 21, 2015. Retrieved September 4, 2017. 
4. ^ Intelligence . In: The United States Catholic Magazine and Monthly Review . 5, No. 8, August 1846, p. 454. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
5. ↑ Ecclesiastical Immunities . In: New York Times , February 9, 1855. Retrieved August 31, 2017. 
6. ↑ The Pope's Tiara . In: The Ladies' Repository . 24 September 1864, p. 568. Retrieved August 31, 2017.
7. ↑ Arthur William: The modern Jove; a review of the collected speeches of Pio Nono . Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1873, p. 22.
8. ↑ image
9. ^ Beverly Chico: Hats and Headwear around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia: A Cultural Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO, 2013, p. 446 (accessed September 5, 2017).
10. ^ Joseph Edward Keller: The Life and Acts of Pope Leo XIII . Benziger Brothers, 1882, p. 274 (accessed September 4, 2017).
11. ^ The Jubilee of Pope Leo XIII . In: The Tablet . 69, No. 2455, May 28, 1887, p. 859. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
12. ^ Leo XIII and Peter's Pence . In: New York Times , December 1, 1878. Retrieved September 4, 2017. 
13. ↑ Pope Lei XIII's Jubilee . In: New York Times , February 21, 1903. Retrieved September 4, 2017. 
14. ↑ image
15. ↑ Michael Collins: The Vatican: Secrets and Treasures of the Holy City . Dorling Kindersley, 2008, p. 267 (accessed August 31, 2017).
16. ^ La Tiara di Papa Giovanni XXIII ( it ) Cattedrale di Bergamo. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
17. ↑ Spellman's Surprise: Pope's Tiara Is Here . In: New York Times , December 1, 1964. Retrieved February 24, 2017. 
18. ^ Commemorative coinage of the Tiara John Paul II
19. ^ David Kerr: Germans present Pope Benedict with his own papal crown . May 25, 2011. 
20. ^ A Tiara for Every Pope , La Stampa. May 17, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016. 

Additional sources

• Edward Twining (Lord Twining), A History of the Crown Jewels of Europe , London: BT Batsford, 1960.
• Edward Twining (Lord Twining), European Regalia , London: BT Batsford, 1967.