List of Ku Klux Klan organizations

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This list is intended to provide an overview of the numerous Ku Klux Klan organizations . Since the late 1860s there have been a number of organizations calling themselves the Ku Klux Klan , or splinter groups of the major clan movements. In addition to the various individual clan organizations, there has been a separate women's organization, the Women of the Ku Klux Klan, since the founding phase .

First phase: During the reconstruction

During the post- Civil War Reconstruction there were several paramilitary groups who opposed the goals and plans of the victorious northern states . The Ku Klux Klan was the best-known organization, but there were a few other organizations that had similar membership structures and ideology. There was also some overlap.

Intermediate period: 1877–1914

After the so-called "first era" of the Klan, the Ku Klux Klan disappeared. However, there were a few similar organizations that today acted as bridges to the "second era" clan. These small groups were localized and involved in a variety of violent acts. They often occurred in areas where the Ku Klux Klan had not been active.

Second phase: 1915–1944

During the so-called second era of the clan from 1915 to 1944, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Inc. formed the most influential clan faction. There were also several factions such as William J. Simmons ' Knights of the Flaming Sword and DC Stephensons Independent Klan of America . During the 1930s, various fascist groups that leaned on the Klan emerged, such as the Black Legion and the Knights of the White Camellia .

Intermediate period: 1944–1954

Smaller groups of sounds continued to exist between the second and third era. In this period after World War II and before Brown v. Board of Education , a supreme court ruling that led to the strengthening of the clan and thus to the third era of the clan, there were only a few groups that were mainly active in the southern United States.

Third phase: 1954–1969

As the civil rights movement gained influence in the United States, the so-called third era of the clan emerged. The Klan turned against the desegregation and tried to maintain segregation , mainly through violent activities . For the first time, the KKK also worked with other right-wing organizations such as the White Citizens 'Council , the American Nazi Party and the National States' Rights Party .

Fourth phase: since the 1970s

Since the 1970s, the Ku Klux Klan has continuously lost its influence. Militant paramilitary organizations took its place. Many of these organizations, such as Stormfront and White Aryan Resistance, as well as influential right-wing extremists such as David Duke , Louis Beam or Tom Metzger , however, began as members of the clans in various groups. Furthermore, the individual clan factions were and are at odds with one another. However, the clan found a connection with the Christian Identity movement. During this time, however, various offshoots of the clan were founded outside the United States, such as the European White Knights of the Burning Cross , who are also active in Germany and Switzerland.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christopher Long, "KU KLUX KLAN," Handbook of Texas Online ( http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vek02 ), accessed June 29, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
  2. ↑ Newton pp.605-6
  3. ↑ Newton pp.285, 326
  4. ↑ Newton pp.54, 331
  5. ^ Forster, Arnold . Epstein, Benjamin R. Report on the Ku Klux Klan New York, Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1965 pp.16-8