List of Ku Klux Klan organizations
This list is intended to provide an overview of the numerous Ku Klux Klan organizations . Since the late 1860s there have been a number of organizations calling themselves the Ku Klux Klan , or splinter groups of the major clan movements. In addition to the various individual clan organizations, there has been a separate women's organization, the Women of the Ku Klux Klan, since the founding phase .
First phase: During the reconstruction
During the post- Civil War Reconstruction there were several paramilitary groups who opposed the goals and plans of the victorious northern states . The Ku Klux Klan was the best-known organization, but there were a few other organizations that had similar membership structures and ideology. There was also some overlap.
- Bloody Knights of the Klu Klux Klan
- Chester Conservative Clan
- Conservative Club
- Constitutional Union Guard
- Heggie's scouts
- Innocents Club
- Invisible Empire
- Knights of the Black Cross
- Knights of the Confederacy
- Knights of the Red Hand
- Knights of the Rising Sun
- Knights of the White Camelia
- Knights of the White Carnation
- Ku Klux Klan
- Moderators
- Night Owls
- Order of the Pale Faces
- Red caps
- Red shirts
- Regulators
- Southern Cross
- Washington Brothers
- White Brotherhood
- White League
- Yellow Jackets
- Young Men's Democratic Club
Intermediate period: 1877–1914
After the so-called "first era" of the Klan, the Ku Klux Klan disappeared. However, there were a few similar organizations that today acted as bridges to the "second era" clan. These small groups were localized and involved in a variety of violent acts. They often occurred in areas where the Ku Klux Klan had not been active.
Second phase: 1915–1944
During the so-called second era of the clan from 1915 to 1944, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Inc. formed the most influential clan faction. There were also several factions such as William J. Simmons ' Knights of the Flaming Sword and DC Stephensons Independent Klan of America . During the 1930s, various fascist groups that leaned on the Klan emerged, such as the Black Legion and the Knights of the White Camellia .
- American Order of Clansmen
- Associated Klans
- Black Legion
- Knights of American Protestantism
- Knights of the Flaming Sword
- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Inc.
- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of Canada
- Knights of Mary Phagan
- Knights of the White Camelia
- Minute Men of America
- Knight to the Fiery Cross (German Empire)
Intermediate period: 1944–1954
Smaller groups of sounds continued to exist between the second and third era. In this period after World War II and before Brown v. Board of Education , a supreme court ruling that led to the strengthening of the clan and thus to the third era of the clan, there were only a few groups that were mainly active in the southern United States.
- Association of Georgia Klans
- Association of Carolina Klans
- Federated Ku Klux Klans
- Florida Ku Klux Klan, Inc.
- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of America
- Original Southern Klans, Inc.
Third phase: 1954–1969
As the civil rights movement gained influence in the United States, the so-called third era of the clan emerged. The Klan turned against the desegregation and tried to maintain segregation , mainly through violent activities . For the first time, the KKK also worked with other right-wing organizations such as the White Citizens 'Council , the American Nazi Party and the National States' Rights Party .
- Association of Arkansas Klans
- Association of South Carolina Klans
- Dixie Klans, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc.
- Gulf Coast Ku Klux Klan
- Imperial Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of Florida
- Militant Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- North Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Original Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Original Ku Klux Klan of the Confederacy
- US clans
- United Florida Ku Klux Klan
- United Klans of America
- White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
Fourth phase: since the 1970s
Since the 1970s, the Ku Klux Klan has continuously lost its influence. Militant paramilitary organizations took its place. Many of these organizations, such as Stormfront and White Aryan Resistance, as well as influential right-wing extremists such as David Duke , Louis Beam or Tom Metzger , however, began as members of the clans in various groups. Furthermore, the individual clan factions were and are at odds with one another. However, the clan found a connection with the Christian Identity movement. During this time, however, various offshoots of the clan were founded outside the United States, such as the European White Knights of the Burning Cross , who are also active in Germany and Switzerland.
- American White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Aryan Nations Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Australian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Bayou Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Brotherhood of Klans
- California Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Church of the American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Church of the National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Confederate Knights of America
- Columbus Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Constitutional Knights of the KKK
- Dixie Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Georgia Knight Riders, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Federation of Klans
- Empire Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- European White Knights of the Burning Cross
- European White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Imperial Klans of America
- Imperial Russian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- International Brotherhood of the KKK
- Invisible Empire, Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Justice Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Louisiana White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Loyal White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Kajun Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Kanadian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Keltic Kirk Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Knights party
- Golden Circle Knighthood of the Ku Klux Klan
- Knights of the Iron Cross
- Knights of the White Camelia
- Knights of Yahweh
- Ku Klos Knights of the KKK
- Ku Klux Klan LLC
- Ku Klux Klan of Colorado
- Ku Klux Klan West Germany
- Ku Klux Klan of Texas
- Militia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Minute men Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Mississippi White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Mystic Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- National Socialist Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Native American Knights of the Ku Klux Klan of Bradford County, Florida
- New Jersey Ku Klux Klan
- New Mexico Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- New Order Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Patriot Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Rebel Brigade Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Republic Krusaders of the Ku Klux Klan, Inc.
- Templar Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- Traditional Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- United Kingdom's Knights of the Fiery Cross
- United Northern & Southern Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- United White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
- White Kamellia Knights of the Ku Klux Klan
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christopher Long, "KU KLUX KLAN," Handbook of Texas Online ( http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vek02 ), accessed June 29, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- ↑ Newton pp.605-6
- ↑ Newton pp.285, 326
- ↑ Newton pp.54, 331
- ^ Forster, Arnold . Epstein, Benjamin R. Report on the Ku Klux Klan New York, Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1965 pp.16-8