Lockout

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Lockout is the English expression for lockout . It is occasionally used in the German-speaking countries to denote corresponding actions in North American professional sport, for example in the NBA , NFL or NHL .

A lockout is an action by the team owner in US sports (similar to the lockout in the German right to strike ). Unlike in Europe, basic contract details between players and clubs are worked out by a players' union and representatives of the league clubs. Among other things, the players' salary caps and advertising rights are set there. If the parties cannot reach an agreement, individual players can strike or the league can impose a lockout, which can lead to a shortened playing time or to the cancellation of the entire season.

Lockouts

NHL

  • 1994/95 - During what is now known as the "lockout season" , the team owners and the NHLPA players' union could not agree on the renewal of the NHL Collective Bargaining Agreement . As a result, all 38 interconference games were canceled and the regular season only had 48 games. The European clubs benefited from this lockout because many NHL players were meanwhile playing in Europe.
  • 2004/05 - When players and clubs were unable to agree on a new contract, it was already clear on September 15, 2004 that the 2004/05 season would also be shortened at most, which is why many NHL professionals joined European clubs this season changed. On February 16, 2005, NHL commissioner (agent) Gary Bettman finally announced the complete season cancellation. After that there were new negotiations between the NHL and NHLPA in order to be able to complete the next season. These negotiations were successful on July 13th when both parties reached an agreement.
  • 2012/13 - When players and clubs were unable to agree on a new one before the 2005 collective agreement expired, the team owners locked the players out on September 15, 2012.

NBA

  • 1998/99 - The season only started in early February 1999 and had to be shortened from 82 to 50 games. The NBA All-Star Game , which usually takes place in mid-February, was canceled. The NBA pros also refused to serve in the national team. For example, the United States had to compete in the 1998 World Basketball Championship with players from lower leagues such as the CBA or college leagues, as well as players from Europe.
  • 2011/12 - The 2005 collective agreement expired on July 1, 2011, without the club owners and the NBPA players' union reaching an agreement to negotiate a new contract. Among other things, the amount of the wage cuts for the players and the setting of a fixed upper limit for wages per team (“ hard cap ”) are disputed . All training and match operations were suspended until further notice, the NBA Summer League scheduled for the beginning of July had already been canceled on June 18. After the game plan for November had to be canceled and the players' union rejected another offer, it was dissolved on November 15, 2011. A month-long legal battle between players and their clubs threatened to cancel the entire season. On November 26, 2011, members of the disbanded players' union and club owners met and agreed on a provisionally new CBA contract. After the players' union was re-established on December 2, 2011, the contract was ratified by both sides on December 8, 2011, so that official gaming operations resumed on December 9. The start of the new season was set for December 25, 2011. Instead of the regular 82 games, 66 regular season games are played per team.

NFL

  • 2011 - After the two parties could not agree on a new contract in March 2011, the NFL imposed a lockout. On July 25, 2011, both parties were able to agree on a 10-year employment contract.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ sports.espn.go.com, Little chance season opens Oct. 13
  2. ↑ usatoday.com, NHL lockout chronology
  3. ↑ NHL lockout official: Ehrhoff back to Krefeld. Stern.de, September 16, 2012, archived from the original on October 6, 2012 ; Retrieved September 18, 2012 .
  4. ↑ torontosun.com, NBA headed for lockout after talks collapse ( Memento of the original from August 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.torontosun.com
  5. ↑ nba-allstar.com, 1999 NBA Lockout season - No All Star.
  6. ↑ zeit.de, NBA lockout: negotiations failed
  7. ↑ nba.de, NBA locks out players ( memento of the original from July 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nba.de
  8. ^ Howard Beck: NBA Reaches a Tentative Deal to Save the Season . In: New York Times , November 26, 2011.
  9. ^ Reuters.com, NFL announces lockout of players
  10. ↑ nfl.com: Owners, players back to football after sealing 10-year labor deal (English)