Louis of Bourbon (Liège)

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Louis of Bourbon (Liège)

Louis de Bourbon (* 1438 ; † August 30, 1482 in Liège ) (French: Louis de Bourbon ) was the controversial Prince-Bishop of the Principality of Liège from 1456 to 1482 . He was the son of Charles I. de Bourbon (1401-1456), the Duke of Bourbon and Auvergne and Agnes of Burgundy (Duchess of Bourbon) , the daughter of John Fearless .

Vita

The young Ludwig is brought up from the age of seven at the court of his uncle Philip III. of Burgundy , also known as Philip the Good. He then studied at the University of Louvain. In 1456 at the age of 18, under pressure from Philip the Good, Louis becomes Prince-Bishop of Liège. Support also comes from Pope Callixtus III. His predecessor, 69-year-old Hans von Heinsberg , is pushed out of office.

During his reign there were repeated clashes with the citizens of Liège . Rich Liège is in danger of losing its previous independence. The Dukes of Burgundy continuously expand their position of power between France and the German Empire. Liège is almost surrounded by Burgundian territories. The Kingdom of France, the Dukes of Burgundy and the German Empire tried to secure their influence over Liège.

The Liège drove their bishop out in 1465 with the support of the French King Louis XI. from France and Ludwig flees to Maastricht. The Lièges are led by Marc de Bade, but the Burgundian troops under Charles the Bold have the upper hand in this conflict and they succeed in the decisive blow against the Liège at the Battle of Montaken on October 20, 1465, which ultimately leads to the Peace of Saint- Trond on December 22, 1465. Ludwig is back in power as bishop, Liège loses its independence, the principality is forced to pay 304,000 florins in damages to Burgundy for the consequences of the war and becomes a protectorate of Burgundy.

But after the death of Philip the Good in June 1467, the citizens of Liège challenged the bishop and the Burgundians again. Charles the Bold, now Duke of Burgundy, fights again for his cousin Ludwig, gathers an army of around 25,000 men and destroys the rebels around 12,000 men and 500 horsemen under Raes van Heers on October 28, 1467 in the battle of Brustem. The Liège left 3-4,000 dead on the battlefield. Then Liège is devastated.

A year later, the French king secretly instigated another revolt of the Principality of Liège. King Louis XI. goes into the hands of Charles the Bold. He forces the French king to take part in the suppression of the uprising and to support Prince-Bishop Ludwig. It ends with a massacre in Liège.

With the death of Charles the Bold in 1477, Liège came back under the rule of the German Empire as an inheritance, a result of the marriage between Maria of Burgundy , the only daughter of Charles the Bold, and Archduke Maximilian von Habsburg , who later became Emperor. However, on March 19, 1477, Mary renounced her claim to the Principality of Liège in favor of Louis von Bourbon. With his return on April 10, Ludwig finally seems to have reached his goal, the Liège people pay homage to him in view of the renewed independence granted and the repeal of the enforced peace treaties.

Ludwig's reign is one of the darkest chapters in the history of Liege. The conflict between France and the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation accompanied the last years of his reign. The French king stirs up again the dissent between the citizenship and the bishop.

In 1482 he is allegedly killed with a battle ax by Count Wilhelm I von der Mark , whose bad reputation is also expressed in his nickname Boar of the Ardennes . What is certain is that Ludwig died when Wilhelm I took Liège and that word quickly spread that Wilhelm I was his murderer. However, this representation cannot be proven.

progeny

Ludwig was secretly married to Katharina von Geldern (1439–1497), daughter of the Duke von Geldern Arnold von Egmond , and had three sons:

  • Pierre de Bourbon, Baron von Busset (1464–1529); Chamberlain of Louis XII. married to Marguerite de Tourzel D'Alegre since 1498; Founder of the Bourbon-Busset branch line
  • Louis de Bourbon (1465)
  • Jacques de Bourbon, Jesuit priest (1466–1537)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Harm von Seggern: History of the Burgundian Netherlands. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2018, p. 211.
  2. ^ Website on the genealogy of the House of Bourbon. Retrieved June 5, 2011
  3. ↑ website Chateu Busset. Retrieved June 5, 2011

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Louis of Bourbon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Louis de Bourbon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bishop of Liege
DATE OF BIRTH 1438
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1482
Place of death Liege
predecessor Office successor
Johann VIII von Heinsberg Bishop of Liège
1456–1482 		Johann IX. from Horn