Lyroglossa
| Lyroglossa | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lyroglossa | ||||||||||||
| Schltr. |
Lyroglossa is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of only two types of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical America.
description
The Lyroglossa species are small, terrestrial plants. The roots , which arise in clusters, are fleshy, spindle-shaped, bulbous and hairy. Three to four leaves are distributed on the shoot. They resemble bracts because they essentially consist of a tubular base that surrounds the shoot; the leaf blade is very small, oval, pointed, and translucent at the edges.
The terminal, racemose , glandular hairy inflorescence is loosely covered with flowers that are more or less clearly spiral. The flowers are green, the lip white with green veins. The hairy bracts are oval and pointed. The hairy also ovary facing obliquely upward, it is very short stalks, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, bent and twisted slightly. The sepals are roughly the same shape, the dorsal sepal is concave, the lateral sepals with a slightly bent back tip, running down from the base of the column foot and forming a small nectar chamber with lip and column . The petals adhere firmly to the dorsal sepal. The lip is a short distance narrow at the base with a thickened edge (nectar glands), further in front it is spread out and shaped like a violin. It ends with a slightly retracted tip. The column is short, it protrudes beyond the point of attachment at the ovary ("column foot"), its underside is runny and hairy. The scar consists of two forward-facing surfaces, which are divided by the fold running in the middle underneath the column. The stamen is oval-hood-shaped, it ends pointed. The yellow pollinia are narrow oval with a narrow, tongue-shaped viscidium (adhesive disc). The separating tissue between the stamen and stigma (rostellum) is narrowly triangular. The capsule fruit is oval, it contains numerous cigar-shaped seeds .
Occurrence
Lyroglossa occurs in several separate sub-areas in tropical America. These are for
- Lyroglossa pubicaulis (LOWilliams) in Mexico and Belize and for Garay
- Lyroglossa grisebachii (Cogn.) Schltr. in northern South America and in southeastern Brazil.
The two species grow in seasonally dry areas such as savannahs, grasslands and sparse oak forests. They occur up to an altitude of 1400 meters.
Systematics and botanical history
Lyroglossa is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae . The genus was described by Rudolf Schlechter in 1920 . The name is made up of the Greek components λύρα lyra , "lyre", and γλῶσσα glossa , "tongue"; it relates to the shape of the lip. Lectotype is Lyroglossa grisebachii .
literature
- Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae . In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University . tape 28 , no. 4 , 1982, pp. 332-333 .
- Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3 , part 2. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 219-222 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Lyroglossa. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 8, 2016.