Lyssavirus
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Rabies virus in a cell, electron microscope . |
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Lyssavirus is a genus of viruses belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae in the order Mononegavirales . A well-known representative of this genus is the rabies virus , which causes rabies .
Lyssaviruses have single-stranded RNA with negative polarity as their genome.
structure
Lyssaviruses have a helical symmetry, the virions have a cylindrical shape. This is in contrast to other viruses that affect humans, which usually have cubic symmetry.
Lyssaviruses have an elongated shape and a virus envelope with so-called “spikes” (protuberances). Below the shell is a layer of matrix protein , which covers the core of the virus particle (virion) made of helical ribonucleoprotein .
Genotypes
Lyssaviruses are conventionally classified into a total of seven genotypes . These seven genotypes are divided into two phylogroups:
- Phylogroup 1
- Genotype 1: Rabies Virus (RABV). This virus is the classic rabies virus.
- Genotype 4: Duvenhage virus (DUVV)
- Genotype 5: European bat lyssavirus = European bat lyssavirus (EBLV 1)
- Genotype 6: European bat lyssavirus = European bat lyssavirus (EBLV 2)
- Genotype 7: Australian bat lyssavirus = Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV)
- Phylogroup 2
- Genotype 2: Lagos bat virus = Lagos bat virus (LBV)
- Genotype 3: Mokola Virus (MOKV)
Group 1 contains genotypes 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7, while group 2 contains genotypes 2 and 3. With the exception of genotype 2, all other genotypes listed above have described cases of rabies in humans. The glycoprotein G was used for the analysis because it is relevant as an antigen. This finding also explains why vaccines against rabies virus (type 1) are not effective against group 2 viruses.
Four other genotypes have been described, these are Aravan Virus (1991), Khujand virus (2001), West Caucasian bat lyssavirus (2002), and Irkut virus (2002).
Taxonomy
According to ICTV, the genus Lyssavirus as of November 2018 taxonomically consists of the following 16 species:
- Genus Lyssavirus
- Species Aravan lyssavirus (en. Aravan lyssavirus , formerly Aravan virus , ARAV)
- Species Australian bat lyssavirus (s. Australian bat lyssavirus , ABLV)
- Species Bokeloh-bat lyssavirus (s. Bokeloh bat lyssavirus , Bblv)
- Species Duvenhage virus (en. Duvenhage lyssavirus , DUVV)
- Species European bat lyssavirus 1 ( en.European bat 1 lyssavirus , EBLV 1)
- Species European bat lyssavirus 2 ( en.European bat 2 lyssavirus , EBLV 2)
- Species Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus ( en.Gannoruwa bat lyssavirus , GBLV)
- Species Ikoma lyssavirus (en. Ikoma lyssavirus , IKOV)
- Species Irkut Lyssavirus ( en.Irkut lyssavirus , formerly Irkut virus , IRKV)
- Species Khujand lyssavirus ( en.Khujand lyssavirus , formerly Khujand virus , KHUV)
- Species Lagos bat virus ( en.Lagos bat lyssavirus , formerly Lagos bat virus , LBV)
- Species Lleida bat virus (s. Lleida bat lyssavirus , LLEBV)
- Species Mokola virus (en. Mokola lyssavirus , MOKV)
- Species Rabiesvirus (en. Rabies lyssavirus , RABV)
- Species Shimoni bat virus (s. Shimoni bat lyssavirus , SHIBV)
- Species West Caucasian bat virus (s. West Caucasian bat lyssavirus , formerly West Caucasian bat lyssavirus , WCBV)
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ Badrane H, Bahloul C, Perrin P, Tordo N: Evidence of two Lyssavirus phylogroups with distinct pathogenicity and immunogenicity . In: J. Virol. . 75, No. 7, April 2001, pp. 3268-76. doi : 10.1128 / JVI.75.7.3268-3276.2001 . PMID 11238853 . PMC 114120 (free full text).
- ↑ Kuzmin IV, Hughes GJ, Botvinkin AD, Orciari LA, Rupprecht CE: Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the Lyssavirus genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition . In: Virus Res. . 111, No. 1, July 2005, pp. 28-43. doi : 10.1016 / j.virusres.2005.03.008 . PMID 15896400 .
- ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)