Mokola virus
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| Mokola lyssavirus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The Mokola virus (officially Mokola lyssavirus ) is one of the Lyssaviruses , the best known representative of which is the rabies virus , which causes rabies . It is one of the genetically most distantly related lyssaviruses to rabies (genotype 1). The genome of the Mokola virus consists of single-stranded RNA of negative polarity .
construction
The RNA - genome of Mokola virus encodes five proteins . The glycoprotein (G) is a membrane protein and the receptor of the virus and causes the fusion with the virus membrane with the cell membrane of the host cell to release the inside of the virion . The matrix protein envelops the ribonucleoprotein , consisting of the nucleoprotein (N), the RNA polymerase for transcribing the (-) RNA into (+) RNA and another cofactor .
Occurrence
The virus has so far only been found in sub-Saharan Africa . It was first isolated from a shrew near Ibadan , Nigeria in 1968 . The host range is not yet known. The Mokola virus was isolated three times from shrews and twice from people in the years 1969 and 1971. However, the viruses could of mosquitoes are transferred because they are in vitro can multiply in mosquito cells. This also distinguishes them from the other representatives of the lyssaviruses , which cannot reproduce in insect cells, with the exception of very distantly related rhabdoviruses such as Obodhiang virus (en. Obodhiang ephemerovirus ) and Kotonkan virus (en. Kotonkan ephemerovirus ). The virus was also found to multiply in living mosquitoes.
Pathogenesis
In humans, only two cases of acute infection by the Mokola virus have so far been known. They were two Nigerian children. The symptoms were the same as those of a rabies infection. For example, the children suffered from paralysis of their extremities and encephalitis set in . Both died a few days after falling into a coma. Mokola virus could be isolated from their brain tissue. Mokola virus was also found in dogs, cats, cattle, sheep and goats as well as rodents from Nigeria , South Africa and Zimbabwe . Some of the animals examined had developed antibodies against the Mokola virus . There is still no vaccine and rabies vaccines do not protect against the Mokola virus.
credentials
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ↑ a b c Le Mercier, P .; Jacob, Y .; Tordo, N .: The Complete Mokola Virus Genome Sequence: Structure of the RNA- Dependent RNA Polymerase . (pdf) In: Journal of General Virology . 78, No. 7, 1997, pp. 1571-1576. PMID 9225031 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Familusi, JB; Moore, DL: Isolation of a Rabies Related Virus from the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Child with 'Aseptic Meningitis' . In: African Journal of Medical Science . 3, No. 1, 1972, pp. 93-96. PMID 5061272 .
- ↑ a b Familusi, JB; Osunkoya, BO; Moore, DL; Kemp, GE; Fabiyi, A .: A Fatal Human Infection with Mokola Virus . In: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 21, No. 6, 1972, pp. 959-963. PMID 4635777 .
- ↑ Kemp, GE; Lee, VH; Moore, DL; Shope, RE; Causey OR; Murphy, FA: Kotonkan, A New Rhabdovirus Related to Mokola Virus of the Rabies Serogroup . In: American Journal of Epidemiology . 98, No. 1, 1973, pp. 43-49. PMID 4205431 .
- ^ Bauer, SP; Murphy, FA: Relationship of two Arthropod-borne Rhabdoviruses (Kotonkan and Obodhiang) to the Rabies Serogroup . In: Infection and Immunity . 12, No. 5, November 1975, pp. 1157-1172. PMID 1104485 . PMC 415412 (free full text).
- ↑ Aitken, TH; Kowalski, RW; Beaty, BJ; Buckley, SM; Wright, JD; Shope, RE; Miller, BR: Arthropod Studies with Rabies-Related Mokola Virus . In: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene . 33, No. 5, September 1984, pp. 945-952. PMID 6385743 .
- ↑ Nel, L .; Jacobs, J .; Jaftha, J .; von Teichman, B .; Bingham, J .; Olivier, M .: New Cases of Mokola Virus Infection in South Africa: A Genotypic Comparison of Southern African Virus Isolates . In: Virus Genes . 20, No. 2, 2000, pp. 103-106. doi : 10.1023 / A: 1008120511752 . PMID 10872870 . (Olivier, M. omitted from the original list of authors, corrected by Erratum in:. Virus Genes 22, No. 3, 2001, p 373... Doi : 10.1023 / A: 1017376903048 . )
- ↑ Nottidge, HO; Omobowale, TO; Oladiran, OO: Mokola Virus Antibodies in Humans, Dogs, Cats, Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Nigeria . (pdf) In: The International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine . 5, No. 3, 2007, pp. 105-106.
