Monk and nun
Monk and nun , also "monastery brick" or "Priependach" ( French tuiles creuses or tuiles canales or tuiles mâles et femelles ), is an ancient form of the cover of a saddle or pent roof of semicircular roof tiles . They belong to the group of hollow bricks.
History and dissemination
This type of roofing comes from the Roman period and is found today mainly on old buildings, especially on churches and monasteries in the Mediterranean area, but also on normal residential buildings. A clearly recognizable northern border of the houses with relatively slightly sloping roofs and “monk and nun” tiles runs right across France. In central and northern Europe, they were widespread on church and representative buildings until they were mostly replaced by plain tiles .
In the Islamic Maghreb states, flat roofs with roof terraces are predominant because of the low rainfall. Nevertheless, the roofs of mosques and madrasas (later also of royal and aristocratic palaces) have been covered with green glazed tiles since ancient times .
Manufacturing
Monk and nun bricks are made by cutting in half an approx. 40 cm long, slightly conically shaped and still moist clay tube that is turned on a potter's wheel using a thin cord. The halves are then fired and first - starting at the eaves and ending at the ridge - placed next to each other on roof battens with the cavity facing up ; A second layer is placed on top with the cavity facing down. This creates a rainproof bandage. The brick of the lower layer is called a "nun", the one above is called a "monk". The slightly conical shape of the bricks enables the respective start and end pieces to overlap.
laying
The nun bricks are to be hung on the battens in such a way that the monk brick can cover the space between two nun bricks. The covering of the nun brick can be done with a cross cut close to the head of the nun brick, onto which the nun brick of the brick layer above is pressed, or dry. In the latter case, the missing crosscut has to be replaced by an internal lining. Fully filling the nun brick with mortar is not permitted. The monk tiles protrude several centimeters above the foot lines of the nun tiles. For this reason, the monk bricks are pushed up or cut in the eaves layer in order to obtain a straight edge. Ridge connection monk tiles are to be used for the ridge-side container. The monk bricks are filled with mortar at the head and put on with two longitudinal blows. In addition, the passages must be passed from the inside. The cavities that arise at the eaves are to be filled in with a solid cornice, or in the case of a wooden cornice a cornice board tailored to the arches of the nun brick is to be attached. The minimum cover for the Mönch-Nonnen tile cover is 80 mm. The maximum distance between the battens results from the length of the nun brick minus the minimum cover.
See also
literature
- Hans Koepf : Picture Dictionary of Architecture (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 194). Kröner, Stuttgart 1968, DNB 457250771 .
- Hans Eckert: The roof and its cover. Rudolf Müller, Cologne 1956
