Magnesium perchlorate
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| General | ||||||||||
| Surname | Magnesium perchlorate | |||||||||
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| Molecular formula | Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 | |||||||||
| Brief description |
white, odorless powder |
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| properties | ||||||||||
| Molar mass | 223.21 g mol −1 | |||||||||
| Physical state |
firmly |
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| density |
2.60 g cm −3 (25 ° C) |
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| Melting point |
Decomposes at 251 ° C |
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| solubility |
good in water (500 g l −1 at 25 ° C) |
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| safety instructions | ||||||||||
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||
Magnesium perchlorate is the magnesium salt of the perchloric acid HClO 4 . It is a chemical solid with the formula Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 .
properties
Magnesium perchlorate is a strong oxidizing agent and releases oxygen when heated . Therefore it is strongly oxidizing. Magnesium perchlorate forms explosive mixtures with flammable compounds , which are very sensitive to impact and may detonate when mixed . The production of such mixtures is therefore forbidden by itself. Magnesium perchlorate, which contains more than 2% combustible impurities, falls under the Explosives Act .
Magnesium perchlorate is extremely hygroscopic . The water vapor - partial pressure over anhydrous magnesium perchlorate (so-called Anhydrone ) is only 70 mPa , the above dihydrate (Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 · 2H 2 O, Dehydrit ) 300 mPa at 20 ° C (for comparison: 3 mPa over phosphorus (V ) oxide ). It is therefore used as a desiccant for inoxidizable substances, as it also has a high drying capacity . Water absorption is a very exothermic process.
Magnesium perchlorate is readily soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Solubility in various solvents at 25 ° C solvent water Methanol Ethanol n-propanol acetone Ethyl acetate Diethyl ether solubility in g / 100 g solvent 99,601 51.838 23.962 73,400 42.888 70.911 0.291
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Entry on magnesium perchlorate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2018(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ a b Long, JR: Perchlorate safety: Reconciling inorganic and organic guidelines in Chem. Health Safety 9 (2002) 12-18, doi : 10.1016 / S1074-9098 (02) 00294-0 .
- ↑ Willard, HH; Smith, GF: The Perchlorates of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals and Ammonium. Their Solubility in Water and Other Solvents in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45 (1923) 286-297, doi : 10.1021 / ja01655a004 .