Milan scheme
In architecture , the so-called Milan scheme refers to a floor plan that takes up the geometric principle of the quincunx . The floor plan of a Greek cross with a central dome is inscribed in a basic square in such a way that the floor plan in the diagonal axes, between the cross arms, is expanded by four secondary dome rooms.
The scheme goes back to the early Christian chapel of the Holy Sepulcher (also called Cappella della Pietà or Sacello di S. Satiro) at the Church of S. Satiro in Milan (9th century). It probably served as a source of inspiration for Donato Bramante for the sacristy he designed for the church of Santa Maria presso San Satiro in Milan. Together with the church of S. Maria delle Grazie in Pistoia (beg. 1452, according to other sources 1469), which was falsely attributed to Michelozzo and designed by Ventura Vitoni , this forms the preliminary end point of a discussion of the central building of early Christian models, which was promoted mainly in the Renaissance . Important studies are Filarete's designs for churches in the ideal city conceptions Sforzinda and Zagalia (1455–60), but it also occurs in Leonardo da Vinci . The scheme forms the starting point for Bramante's design for Saint Peter and the originally planned overall layout of the Tempietto in San Pietro in Montorio .
The scheme was then taken up again and again, for example for the baroque church of San Carlo ai Catinari in Rome and the church in the Escorial and in the entire complex of the Palais des Tuileries and the Whitehall Palace . It was used without any major changes until the first half of the 20th century (inter alia S. Maria Regina Pacis at Lido di Ostia, 1917-28).
literature
- Olaf Klodt : Templi petri instauracio. The new building designs for St. Peter in Rome under Pope Julius II and Bramante (1505–1513). Ammersbek near Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-86130-000-1 .
- Olaf Klodt: Bramante's designs for St. Peter's Church in Rome. The metamorphosis of the central building . in: Olaf Klodt / Karen Michels / Thomas Röske / Dorothea Schröder (eds.), Festschrift for Fritz Jacobs on his 60th birthday, Münster: LIT 1996, pp. 119–152, ISBN 3-8258-2729-1 .
- Olaf Klodt: Raffael or Bramante? Critical remarks on St. Peter's research . in: Karen Buttler / Felix Krämer (eds.), Jacobs-Weg. In the footsteps of an art historian, Weimar: VDG 2007, pp. 73–86, ISBN 978-3-89739-552-7 .
- Ulrich Kahle: Renaissance central buildings in Northern Italy . Nitz, Munich 1982.
- Wolfgang Jung : Architecture of the High Renaissance and Mannerism in Rome and Central Italy. In: Toman, Rolf (ed.): The art of the Italian Renaissance. Architecture, sculpture, painting, drawing. Potsdam 2007, pp. 130-155.
- Nikolaus Pevsner : European architecture. From the beginning to the present. Munich 2008, pp. 149f. and 161f.