Malays in Thailand
Thai Malay ( Malay orang Melayu Thai ) or Malay Thai ( Thai ชาว ไทย เชื้อสาย มลายู , Chao Thai Chuea Sai Malayu ) are names for the approximately 1.9 million ethnic Malay in Thailand . After Malaysia and Indonesia , the southernmost provinces of Narathiwat , Pattani and Yala in Thailand form the third largest settlement area for Malays in the world. The members of this group refer to themselves as Jawi ( Pattani-Malay oré Jawi , standard Malay orang Jawi ).
history
As a result of the cultural differences to the Thai population and the government's pressure to assimilate ( Thaiization ), there were repeated clashes, including violent ones . Attempts at assimilation began as early as after the subjugation of the former Islamic kingdom of Patani in the 14th century by the Buddhist kingdom of Sukhothai , but separatist tendencies of the Malays in Thailand have never been entirely suppressed.
Settlement areas
In addition to the three southernmost provinces of Thailand, there are settlement areas of the Thai Malays in parts of the Songkhla province and in Trang and, to a lesser extent, along the entire Thai Andaman Sea coast ( Krabi , Phuket , Phang-nga up to Ranong ), i.e. at a considerable distance from Malaysia. There is also a larger population in the Thai capital Bangkok .
The Sam-Sam group, which is also Muslim, must be distinguished from the Malays . These speak an old southern Thai dialect that is interspersed with a few Malay words. Aside from religion, their culture is strongly influenced by that of southern Thailand. The Sam-Sam make up the majority of the population in Satun Province . There are no publicly discernible separatist tendencies among them. There is also a minority of Sam-Sam in the provinces of Songkhla , Phatthalung , Trang , Krabi and Phang Nga as well as in the Malaysian states of Kedah , Perak and Perlis .
Compared to the 1.9 million Malays in Thailand, around 60,000 Thais live in Malaysia.
literature
- William M. Carpenter, James R. Lilley, David G. Wiencek, Henry Stephen Albinsky: Asian Security Handbook. An Assessment of Political-Security Issues in the Asia-Pacific Region . ME Sharpe, 2007, ISBN 1563248131 .
- Thomas M. Fraser: Rusembilan. A Malay fishing village in southern Thailand . Cornell Univ. Press, 1960.
- Pierre Le Roux: To Be or Not to Be…. The Cultural Identity of the Jawi (Thailand). In: Asian Folklore Studies , Volume 57, 1998, pp. 223-255.
- Michael John Montesano, Patrick Jory (Eds.): Thai South and Malay North. Ethnic Interactions on the Plural Peninsula. National University of Singapore Press, 2008, ISBN 978-9971-69-411-1 .
- Moshe Yegar: Between Integration and Secession. The Muslim Communities of the Southern Philippines, Southern Thailand and Western Burma / Myanmar . Lexington Books, 2002, ISBN 0739103563 , in particular Part 2: "The Patani Muslims", pp. 73-181.