Pattani Province

Pattani
ปั ต ตา น
statistics
Capital:	Pattani
Telephone code:	034
Surface:	1,940.4 km² 67.
Residents:	647,624 (2009) 38.
Population density :	334 E / km² 8.
ISO 3166-2 :
Governor :	Weerapong Kaewsuwan
map

Pattani ( Thai : ปัตตานี ) is a province ( Changwat ) in the southern region of Thailand . The capital of the Pattani Province is also called Pattani .

Mostly inhabited by Muslim Malays, the Pattani Sultanate existed in this region for a long time as a Siamese vassal state .

geography

The province is a little over 1000 kilometers south of the capital Bangkok on the Malay Peninsula . The area is about twice as large as that of Berlin.

The landscape is characterized by a low plain . In the south the country rises to the Sankalakhiri Mountains , where the Budo Su-ngai Padi National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติ บู โด - สุไหงปาดี ) is also located. Here you can see valuable mountain rainforests with rare plant species.

Adjacent provinces and areas:
north	Coast to the Gulf of Thailand
east	Coast to the Gulf of Thailand
south	Narathiwat and Yala
west	Songkhla

climate

The climate is tropical - monsoonal . The number of annual rainy days is 164, with an average rainfall of around 2570 mm. The maximum temperature in 2008 was 35.0 ° C, the lowest temperature was measured at 21.5 ° C. On 140 rainy days fell 1562.7 mm in the same year  .

population

Pattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand in which a majority of the population professes Islam . According to data from the 2000 census, 80.7% of the population were Muslim and 19.2% were Buddhists. 76.6% said Malay was their first language, i.e. they were ethnic Malay . That said, 99.9% of the population were Thai citizens.

Economy and Importance

Data

In 2011, the "Gross Provincial Product" (was GDP ) of the province 47.423 billion baht . That corresponds to 67,492 baht per inhabitant (equivalent to around 2,200 US dollars). This makes Pattani the economically weakest province in the southern region.

Industry	2006	2007	2008
Agriculture	16.9	16.9	17.7
Industry	6.9	7.4	6.9
Other	76.2	75.7	75.4

All figures in%

The minimum wage in the province is 170 baht per day (around € 4).

The industry that made the largest contribution to the province's economic output in 2011 was fisheries with 9.648 billion baht. It was followed by agriculture and forestry with 8.930 billion baht and the manufacturing industry with 6.328 billion baht.

Land use

The following land use is documented for the province:

• Forest area: 56,853 Rai (35.5 km²), 4.7% of the total
• Agricultural area: 733,498 rai (458.4 km²), 60.5% of the total area
• Unclassified area: 422,371 Rai (264.0 km²), 34.8% of the total area

traffic

Airport

• Pattani ( IATA airport code PAN)

history

The area was settled in the early days, the oldest traces of human settlement can be seen today in the Amphoe Yarang . The capital of the historical kingdom of Langkasuka , whose establishment is dated to the first century AD, is likely to be located in today's Pattani province . The Brahmanic religion reached Langkasuka around 200, in the 7th century it came under the influence of Srivijaya , whereupon Buddhism also spread here. The Islamization of Pattani was documented by 1470 at the latest. In the 15th century , a large wave of immigrants came to Pattani, who settled here in order to participate in the booming trade with Chinese merchants, who in turn delivered via India to the Middle East and Europe.

Pattani was the center of the Pattani Sultanate , which, however, encompassed much more than today's province. It was loosely dependent on the Siamese kingdom of Ayutthaya from the 15th century . After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767 Pattani became independent for a short time, but in 1785 under King Rama I (Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok) it came back under Siam's control. That year, Pattani produced the largest cannon ever cast in Siam . Her name is Nang Phraya Tani and she stands in front of the Ministry of Defense building in Bangkok today . As a symbol of the province, it is shown in its seal and on its flag.

Rama I divided the Sultanate of Pattani into seven principalities in 1808. These continued to be ruled by local rulers, but Siamese influence increased. Pattani Province was established in 1905 during the reign of Ramas V (Chulalongkorn). In the following year it was combined with three other provinces to form a monthon (larger administrative unit under the supervision of an agent of the central government), the headquarters of which was Pattani. Great Britain recognized the sovereignty of Siam over Pattani in the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 , while the other sultanates previously under Siamese influence ( Kelantan , Kedah , Terengganu ) had to be ceded to the British colonial empire. In 1933 the Monthon Pattani was dissolved and the Pattani Province got its current borders.

The separatist organization Pattani United Liberation Organization (PULO), which was split up in 1992, has been fighting in Pattani and the neighboring provinces of Narathiwat and Yala since 1976 for autonomy and development programs for the Malay provinces of southern Thailand, which Bangkok has neglected, and does not shy away from terrorist violence. The conflict with the Thai state escalated from 2004.

Attractions

• Matsayit Klang , the central mosque of Pattani, the most important Islamic place of worship in southern Thailand
• Wat Chang Hai Rat Buranaram - old Buddhist temple complex ( Wat ) , highly revered because of the famous monk Luang Pho Thuat, who lived, taught and died here.
• National parks :
  • Namtok Sai Khao National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติ น้ำตก ทรายขาว ) - "White Sand Waterfall", with a waterfall and a very beautiful botanical complex, towards Amphoe Khok Pho

coat of arms

Nang Phraya Tani in front of the Ministry of Defense in Bangkok

The coat of arms of the Pattani province shows the mentioned cannon Nang Phraya Tani, which was brought to Bangkok in 1785, where it can be seen today in front of the Ministry of Defense .

The local flower is the Chinese hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ). The local tree is ironwood ( Hopea odorata ).

The Pattani Province motto is translated:

"There is the clear and pleasant Budu sauce,

All around you are beautiful beaches

Rich in many waterfalls ,

Pleasant cooing pigeons live here,

The Luk Yi fruit can be found everywhere,

The fresh oysters called Hoi Khraeng are good to eat . "

Administrative units

Provincial Administration

The province is divided into 12 Amphoe , which in turn is divided into 115 Tambon and further into 629 Muban .

No. Amphoe name Thai 01 Amphoe Mueang Pattani อำเภอ เมือง ปัตตานี 02 Amphoe Khok Pho อำเภอ โคกโพธิ์ 03 Nong Chik district อำเภอ หนองจิก 04th Amphoe Panare อำเภอ ปะนาเระ 05 Amphoe Mayo อำเภอ มายอ 06th Thung Yang Daeng district อำเภอ ทุ่งยางแดง 07th Sai Buri district อำเภอ สายบุรี 08th Amphoe Mai Kaen อำเภอ ไม้แก่น 09 Yaring district อำเภอ ยะหริ่ง 10 Yarang District อำเภอ ยะรัง 11 Amphoe Kapho อำเภอ กะพ้อ 12 Mae Lan district อำเภอ แม่ ลาน

Administrative division of the province

Local administration

A provincial administrative organization ( บริหาร ส่วน จังหวัด , อบ จ for short , Ongkan Borihan suan Changwat ; English Provincial Administrative Organization , PAO) exists for the entire area of ​​the province .

There is one city ( เทศบาล เมือง - Thesaban Mueang ) in the province : Pattani ( เทศบาล เมือง ปัตตานี ). There are also 11 small towns ( เทศบาล ตำบล - Thesaban Tambon ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Key indicators of the population and households, Population and Housing Census 1990 and 2000: Pattani
2. ^ ^{A b} Gross Provincial Product at Current Market Prices: Southern Provinces, National Economic and Social Development Board, 2011.
3. ↑ Thailand in Figures (2011)
4. ↑ Thailand in Figures (2011)
5. ↑ Ahmad Idris: Tradition and Cultural Background of the Patani Region. In: Regions and National Integration in Thailand, 1892-1992. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1995, ISBN 3-447-03608-7 , p. 195.
6. ^ Volker Grabowsky : Brief history of Thailand. CH Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-60129-3 , p. 94.
7. ↑ Department of Provincial Administration : As of 2012 (in Thai)

literature

• Thailand in Figures 2011 . Nonthaburi: Alpha Research 13 A. 2011. ISBN 9786167526034 .

Web links

Commons : Pattani  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Overview map of the province (names in Thai and English) [last accessed on November 7, 2013]

Coordinates: 6 ° 52 '  N , 101 ° 15'  E