Kelantan
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| Berserah kepada Tuhan Kerajaan Kelantan | |||||
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| abbreviation | KTN | ||||
| Capital | Kota Bharu | ||||
| Ruler | Sultan Muhammad V. | ||||
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Yakob | ||||
| surface | 15,100 km² (2011) | ||||
| population | 1,870,700 inhabitants (2018) | ||||
| Population density | 124 inhabitants / km² | ||||
| languages | Malay | ||||
| License Plate | D. | ||||
Kelantan ( yawi كلنتن, Pronunciation: [kəˈlantan] ; Thai กลันตัน , RTGS Kalantan ) is a state and sultanate in Malaysia . The state is seen as the cradle of Malay culture. The capital and residence of the Sultan of Kelantan is Kota Bharu .
Location and geography
Kelantan is roughly in the middle of the Malay Peninsula . The northeast of Kelantan lies on the South China Sea at its transition into the Gulf of Thailand . To the east, Kelantan is bordered by the state of Terengganu , to the south by Pahang , to the west by Perak and to the northwest by Thailand . The land area is between 5 ° and 6.5 ° north latitude.
The main river Kelantan - the Sungai Kelantan - comes down in two rivers from the Robinson Mountains and the Lebekquell area and then flows northwards into the South China Sea.
history
Kelantan used to be an independent state and in the 19th century it had to pay tribute to its northern neighbor Siam (now Thailand) . By the agreement of June 13, 1908, Kelantan and Terengganu , Perlis and Kedah were ceded by Siam to Great Britain . The sultanates became British protectorates in 1909 , after which they formed the Unfederated Malay States .
During the Second World War , Kelantan was the first place in Malaya to be occupied by the Japanese in 1941 and ceded to Thailand in 1943 . After the war it became a British colony again in 1945.
On February 1, 1948, Kelantan became part of the Malaya Federation and on August 31, 1957, it became independent along with the rest of the Federation. On September 16, 1963, it became a state of Malaysia .
politics
Kelantan is probably the most socially conservative state in Malaysia because of the long-standing rule of the Islamist PAS . The Islamists won the 1990 elections and were able to defend their majority in 1995, 1999 and 2004. Kelantan is one of the four states in Malaysia that is not ruled by the Barisan Nasional .
The PAS and Kelantan State are closely related. The Islamists ruled the state from 1959 to 1978 and from 1990 to and probably at least until the next elections in 2009.
In 1990, the PAS had an overwhelming election victory, winning all seats in the state parliament and all seats in parliament representing Kelantan. The victory was won by the PAS-led opposition coalition Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah . In 1995 the PAS won with a less clear majority and again had an electoral success in 1999 after many Malays had turned away from the UMNO because of the arrest of Anwar Ibrahim . In 2004, the Islamists barely defended the majority in Kelantan.
The PAS has long tried to enforce a strict interpretation of Islamic laws in Kelantan. In the meantime, for example, it is mandatory to queue in lines that are separate for the sexes in the supermarket. There are public benches for men and women only. In addition, women are prohibited from putting on bright lipstick or thick make-up and wearing heels that rattle. Shoes with rubber soles and heels, however, are allowed. Failure to comply with the regulations threatens a fine of 500 ringgit . Proposals for punishments such as amputation of limbs for theft or execution for blasphemy ( Hudud Laws) were rejected by the central government with reference to the constitution.
Administrative division
Administratively, Kelantan is divided into ten districts. The capital Kota Bharu is located in the Kota Bharu district of the same name .
| District | Area (2011) |
Population (2010) |
|---|---|---|
| Bachok | 280 km² | 133,152 |
| Gua Musang | 8,214 km² | 90.057 |
| Jeli | 1,330 km² | 40,637 |
| Kota Bharu | 403 km² | 491.237 |
| Kuala Krai | 2,287 km² | 109,461 |
| Machang | 529 km² | 93,087 |
| Pasir Mas | 572 km² | 189,292 |
| Pasir Puteh | 425 km² | 117,383 |
| Tanah Merah | 884 km² | 121,319 |
| Tumpat | 180 km² | 153.976 |
| total | 15,105 km² | 1,539,601 |
economy
Kelantan is the second poorest state in Malaysia. The economy relies primarily on agricultural products such as rubber and tobacco . Fishing is also very important. In recent years, the contribution of tourism to Kelantan's economy has increased.
The capital Kota Bharu is the most important city in the state. There are plans to promote southern Kelantan with a multi-million dollar development program.
In August 2010, Kelantan introduced a precious metal-backed money system. Gold coins (dinars) and silver coins (dirham) have been the official currency there ever since.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Statistics Yearbook Malaysia 2011: Tables. (PDF; 2.64 MB) Department of Statistics Malaysia, December 14, 2012, accessed on October 9, 2013 (Malay, English; page 1, PDF page 1).
- ↑ a b Demographic Statistics Fourth Quarter 2018. (PDF; 2.64 MB) Department of Statistics Malaysia, February 12, 2019, accessed on September 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Malaysia: Muslims forbid bright lipstick and high heels. Der Spiegel , June 24, 2008, accessed October 9, 2013 .
- ↑ State in Malaysia introduces pure precious metal currency. Goldreporter, July 19, 2010, accessed October 9, 2013 .
Coordinates: 5 ° 15 ' N , 102 ° 0' E