Yawi (language)
| Malay ( Bahasa Yawi - ภาษา ยา วี بهاس جاوي) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Southern Thailand | |
| speaker | approx. 1 million (native speakers) | |
| Linguistic classification |
|
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
ms |
|
| ISO 639 -2 | ( B ) may | ( T ) msa |
| ISO 639-3 |
mfa |
|
Yawi (also Jawi or Pattani-Malay ; proper name: Baso Jawi or Baso Nayu ; standard Malay Bahasa Melayu Patani ) is a dialect of the Malay language spoken in southern Thailand on the border with Malaysia . Yawi is spoken by around one million Thai Malays . It is also dominated as a lingua franca by some ethnic Thai and Sam Sam (a South Thai-speaking Muslim ethnic group) who live in rural areas dominated by Malays.
Yawi is a dialect that differs greatly from the standard Malay language, which is due to the strong influence of Thai and the isolated location due to the border mountains. Yawi itself is characterized by numerous varieties, which are, however, understood among each other. The Kelantan dialect is very similar to the Yawi , so some linguists suggest that Kelantan-Pattani Malay should be considered a dialect group with a total of three million speakers.
Name of the language
The speakers of the Yawi refer to their language as Baso Jawi . This is derived from Jawi , the modified Arabic alphabet that was (and is in part still used) for the Malay language and the traditional Arabic name for Muslim Malay. An alternative derivation is from Jawo ssa ("Greater Java "), a traditional name for the Malay Peninsula. Another name is Baso Nayu (dialectal for standard Malay Bahasa Melayu , "Malay language"). In Thai, the language is known colloquially as Phasa Yawi ( ภาษา ยา วี , [pʰaːsaː jaːwiː]; "Yawi language" ), the official name is Phasa Malayu Pattani (Thai: ภาษา มลายู ปัตตานี ; "Pattani-Malay language").
distribution
Yawi is the most important language in the Thai provinces of Narathiwat , Yala and Pattani , where the Malays dominate in number. Yawi is also spoken in Satun , but Thai is the dominant language there. Some Malays in Satun speak the dialect of Kedah , not Pattani. Yawi is also spoken in isolated villages as far as the Hat Yai area ( Songkhla province ). In Malaysia , Yawi is spoken by Thai immigrants in Kelantan , Perlis , Kedah and Perak . Due to the mostly economically justified migration movements within Thailand, there is also a considerable number of speakers of the Yawi in Bangkok .
font
Yawi is not a written language , but it is sometimes passed on informally in writing. In this case, an old-fashioned form of Malay is used, which uses a modified form of the Arabic alphabet and is known as Jawi. This is in contrast to the Malay speakers in Malaysia and Indonesia who now use the Latin alphabet ( rumi ).
history
Southern Thailand has been influenced by two cultures for centuries: the Buddhist -influenced Siamese-Thai and the Islamic -influenced Malay culture. Traders from the Middle East, India, China and Thailand met with Malay-speaking ethnic groups here. Islam has been the dominant religion since the 11th century after the old kingdom of Srivijaya sank into chaos. The Ayutthaya Empire made the Malay principalities in the south of present-day Thailand and in the north of present-day Malaysia vassal states, which, however, were never fully integrated for a long time. The resulting isolation led to the preservation of the Malay language as a dialect form of Yawi.
Yawi and the standard Malay language
Yawi and the dialect of Thai spoken in the south of Thailand have influenced each other for centuries. B. There are many loan words from the other language that do not exist in standard Malay. But also regular sound shifts from Yawi to standard Malay can make listening difficult.
Some examples of the sound shift in yawi:
- / aj / to / a: / - sungai (channel) becomes sunga
- / au / to / a / - pisau (knife) becomes pisa
- Final consonants are often called plosive spoken - Bukit (Hill) will buki '.
literature
- Frank D. Wickl: The classifier system of Bahasa Indonesia . Abera, Hamburg 1996. ISBN 3-934376-02-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Mahidol University 2006; quoted from Ethnologue: Languages of the World , 18th edition, 2015, entry Malay, Pattani .
- ↑ James T. Collins, Zaharani Ahmad: The Malay Language and Ethnic Identity in Modern Malaysia. In: Akademika , Volume 55, 1999, pp. 133-148, on p. 138.
- ↑ Pierre Le Roux: To Be or Not to Be…. The Cultural Identity of the Jawi (Thailand). In: Asian Folklore Studies , Volume 57, 1998, pp. 223-255, at p. 230.
- ↑ Le Roux: To Be or Not to Be…. 1998, at pp. 234-237.