Yes how

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The Jawi script. Read the table from right to left and top to bottom.

Jawi ( Arabic جاوي Yes how; Yawi in Pattani ) is an extended Arabic alphabet for writing down the Malay language . It is one of the two official scripts for the Malay language in Brunei and is partly also used in Malaysia , Indonesia , in the south of the Philippines , in Pattani in southern Thailand and in Singapore , partly also in religious environments.

introduction

The Jawi script existed in Nusantara (the Malay world) for many centuries . The emergence is associated with the arrival of Islam . It consists mainly of the Arabic letters, extended by a few extra letters for Jawi (marked in gray in the overview on the right).

Jawi was historically the Arabic name for the Malay Muslims or generally the Muslims of Southeast Asia and may be derived from the name of the island of Java , which was transferred to the entire Malay region, including Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.

The Jawi script is one of the oldest scripts for writing down Malay. Jawi has been used from the era of the Samudera Pasai Kingdom until the Sultanate of Malacca , Sultanate of Johor , Sultanate of Aceh, and Sultanate of Patani in the 17th century.

Evidence of this is given by the Terengganu inscription (Batu Bersurat Terengganu), dated 1303 AD (702 Islamic calendar ), whereas the oldest use of the Latin alphabet , also known as Rumi ("Roman"), was first documented in the 17th century. The Jawi script was the official script for the Unfederated Malay States during the British colonial era.

The use of the Jawi script was temporarily suspended during the 20th century, although it was never officially abolished, as in Turkey . Today the script is used for religious and Malay cultural purposes in Terengganu , Kelantan , Kedah , Perlis and Johor. The Malays in Pattani still use the Jawi script today.

Letters

Letter Isolated Beginning center The End Surname
ا ﺍ     ﺎ alif
ب ﺏ ﺑ ـﺒ ـﺐ ba
ت ﺕ ﺗ ـﺘ ـﺖ ta
ث ﺙ ﺛ ـﺜ ـﺚ tsa
ج ﺝ ﺟ ـﺠ ـﺞ jim
ح ﺡ ﺣ ـﺤ ـﺢ hha
چ ﭺ ﭼ ـﭽ ـﭻ approx
خ ﺥ ﺧ ـﺨ ـﺦ kha
د د     ـد dāl
ذ ﺫ     ـذ dzal
ر ﺭ     ـر ra
ز ﺯ     ـز zai
س ﺱ ﺳ ـﺴ ـﺲ sīn
ش ﺵ ﺷ ـﺸ ـﺶ syin
ص ﺹ ﺻ ـﺼ ـﺺ shad
ض ﺽ ﺿ ـﻀ ـﺾ dhad
ط ﻁ ﻃ ـﻄ ـﻂ tho
ظ ﻅ ﻇ ـﻈ ـﻆ zho
ع ﻉ ﻋ ـﻌـ ـﻊ ain
غ ﻍ ﻏ ـﻐـ ـﻎ ghain
ڠ ڠ ڠـ ـڠـ ـڠ nga
ف ﻑ ﻓ ـﻔ ـﻒ fa
ڤ ﭪ ﭬ ـﭭ ـﭫ pa
ق ﻕ ﻗ ـﻘ ـﻖ qāf
ك ﻙ ﻛ ـﻜ ـﻚ kāf
ڬ ڬ ڬـ ـڬـ ـڬ gaf
ل ﻝ ﻟ ـﻠ ـﻞ lām
م ﻡ ﻣ ـﻤ ـﻢ mīm
ن ﻥ ﻧ ـﻨ ﻦ now
و ﻭ     ـو woof
ۏ ۏ     ـۏ va
ه ﻩ ﻫ ـﻬ ﻪ Ha
ي ﻱ ﻳ ـﻴـ ﻲ ya
ڽ ڽ ڽـ ـڽـ ـڽ nya
ء ء     ء hamzah
  • Letters without an initial and middle form use the isolated form because they cannot be connected with the following letter (ا ، د ، ذ ، ر ، ز ، و ، ۏ ، ء)
  • The letter "hamzah" (ء) only exists in Malay in an isolated form.
Sample text in Malay (Latin alphabet)

Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan.

Sample text in Malay (Jawi script)

سموا مأنسيا دلاهيرکن بيبس دان سامرات دري سڬي کمولياءن دان حق ٢. مريك ممڤوڽاءي ڤميکيرن دان ڤراساءن هاتي دان هندقله برتيندق دانتارا ساتو اسام لاءين دڠند سمڠنڠت ڤرساود سمءنڠت ڤرساود سمءنڠت ڤرساود سمءنڠت.

translation

All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should meet one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights )

further reading

  • HS Paterson (& CO Blagden): An early Malay Inscription from 14th-century Terengganu, in: Journ. Times. Br.RAS, II, 1924, pp. 258-263.
  • RO Winstedt: A History of Malaya, revised. Ed., 1962, p. 40.
  • JG de Casparis: Indonesian Paleography, 1975, pp. 70-71.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Pierre Le Roux: To Be or Not to Be ... The Cultural Identity of the Jawi (Thailand). In: Asian Folklore Studies , Volume 57, 1998, pp. 223-255, at pp. 234-235.