Mangup
Mangup or Mangup-Kale ( Ukrainian Мангуп-Кале, Manhup-Kale; Russian Мангуп-Кале , Mangup-Kale, Crimean Tatar Manğup [ˈmanɣup]) is a former fortified hilltop settlement in the Crimea , south of Bakhchysaray . Under the older name Dori, it is known as the capital of the Crimean Goths . The settlement is located on the table mountain Mangup , the 90 hectare plateau of which rises 250 m - 300 m above the surrounding valleys. Steep cliffs on three sides of the hillside settlement provided natural protection. The walls are 1500 m long, the total length of the fortifications (with natural rock barriers from 20 to 70 m high) is 6600 m. There are many springs in the area of the fortress. Mangup is located near the road from Salesnoye to Ternovka , near the village of Khadji -Sala .
history
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The oldest archaeological traces date from the 5th century. The Almalyk burial ground from this period has alano - Gothic elements. The place called Dory or Doros (Δόρυ, Δόρος) was fortified by Emperor Justinian I , as confirmed by archaeological research.
In the last third of the 8th century Mangup came under Khazarian suzerainty. The city received new fortifications. In 786/87 there was an uprising against the Khazars under the leadership of Bishop John of Gothia and the so-called Lord of Gothia, whose seat is located on Mount Mangup. The Khazars' supremacy ended in the middle of the 9th century. The place became less and less important.
In 1361 the Hekatontarch Chuitani-Demetrios fortified the citadel of Mangup again. Theodoró (Θεοδωρώ), as the place was called at that time, became the capital of the Principality of Theodoro . Prince Alexios had the city expanded.
In 1396 the priest monk and exarch Matthaios visited Theodoró and after his return wrote a poem of 153 verses in fifteen-syllable meter (decapentosyllab) about his visit to the city belonging to the Patriarchate of Constantinople . The text has only survived as a copy in Cod. Vat. Gr. 952, a collective manuscript from the 15th century.
In 1475, the Ottoman military leader Gedik Ahmed Pascha Theodoro / Mangup besieged for six months before he was able to take the city in December of the same year. Mangup became an important outpost of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimea. In 1493 a major fire destroyed most of the city. The city wall was renewed in 1503 by the Ottoman administrator of Mangup, Tzula. In 1520 there were 935 people in Mangup, 460 Greeks , 252 followers of the Karaite Jewish religious community , 188 Muslims and 35 Armenians .
In 1774 Mangup came to the Crimean Khanate and in 1783 to Russia . The Karaites left Mangup and the synagogue was destroyed. In the 19th century the place was abandoned and fell into disrepair.
Web links
Mangup-Kale in the Roman-Germanic Central Museum
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Herdick: Transformation and cultural exchange on the edge of the Mediterranean world. The highlands of the Crimea in the early Middle Ages. ( Memento of the original from February 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Research project of the RGZM
- ↑ Franz Tinnefeld : Review by: Hans-Veit Beyer: История крымских готов как интерпретация Сказания Матфея о городе Феодоро. (Istorija krymskich gotov kak interpretacija Skazanija Matfeja o gorode Feodoro. History of the Crimean Goths as an interpretation of Matthew's statement about the city of Feodoro.) Yekaterinburg 2001. In: Byzantinische Zeitschrift . Vol. 96, Issue 1, 2003, ISSN 0007-7704 , pp. 283-285, doi : 10.1515 / BYZS.2003.283 .
- ↑ Hans-Veit Beyer: The story of Matthaios from the city of Theodoro. In: Byzantine Journal. Vol. 96, Issue 1, pp. 25-57, doi : 10.1515 / BYZS.2003.25 .
- ^ Henryk Jankowski: A historical-etymological dictionary of pre-Russian habitation names of the Crimea (= Handbook of Oriental Studies. Sect. 8: Central Asia. Vol. 15). Brill, Leiden et al. 2006. ISBN 90-04-15433-7 .
Coordinates: 44 ° 35 ′ 0 ″ N , 33 ° 48 ′ 0 ″ E