Margarete Hilferding

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Margarete Hilferding (1904)

Margarete Hilferding (also Margarethe; born June 20, 1871 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary as Margarete Hönigsberg; died September 23, 1942 on the transport between the Theresienstadt ghetto and Treblinka ) was an Austrian teacher , doctor and representative of individual psychology .

Life

Margarete Hilferding was the daughter of the general practitioner Paul Hönigsberg in Hernals near Vienna. From 1889 to 1893 she attended the kk teacher training college in Vienna. She then worked as a teacher at the general primary school in Gleichenberg and for two years at a private primary school in Vienna. From 1897 to 1898 she was enrolled as an extraordinary student at the Philosophical Faculty. After women were admitted to medical school, she switched to medical school in 1900 and received her doctorate in 1903.

In 1904 she married the doctor, economist and Austromarxist Rudolf Hilferding , who later became finance minister of the Weimar Republic . She lived with him in Berlin for several years and returned to Vienna with her two sons in 1909, while Rudolf Hilferding stayed in Berlin; the marriage was divorced in 1922. From 1910 she practiced as a statutory health insurance doctor in Vienna 10th and from 1922 also as a school doctor. In 1910 and 1911 she was the first woman to be a member of Sigmund Freud's Wednesday Society (later the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association ) for a few months . Paul Federn proposed her admission to the association. Isidor Sadger, on the other hand, spoke out against accepting a woman. Hilferding was friends with Alfred Adler and his wife Raissa .

After the First World War she became head of an individual psychological educational counseling center set up as part of the Vienna school reform . In addition, she also worked at the Mariahilfer outpatient clinic . In 1926 she published her book Birth Control , in which she advocated the liberalization of abortion. In 1934 her health insurance contract was terminated by the Dollfuss regime, after which she was only able to care for private patients. Because of her Jewish origins, she was evicted from her apartment by the Nazis in 1938. At the beginning of the Second World War she worked in the Vienna Rothschild Hospital under the direction of Viktor Frankl . On June 28, 1942, she was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp . She died on the way to the Treblinka extermination camp.

In addition to her work as a doctor, she was also a district councilor in her home district of Favoriten between 1927 and 1934.

The residential complex of the municipality of Vienna Margarethe-Hilferding-Hof at Leebgasse 100 in Vienna-Favoriten was named after her, and there is also a memorial plaque.

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Margarete Hilferding was one of the most influential individual psychologists in Vienna during the interwar period. She got involved with academic work and teaching courses in the social and educational policy of Red Vienna . Her specialist areas were women's issues, sexuality, birth control, education and upbringing. In the individual psychological educational counseling centers and in the socialist women's organization she held courses on educational, women's and health issues. In 1930 she was a lecturer at the 4th Congress of the World League for Sexual Reform in Vienna.

Fonts

  • Birth control . Discussions on § 144 Vienna, 1926

literature

  • Hilferding, Margarethe. In: Elisabeth Roudinesco ; Michel Plon: Dictionary of Psychoanalysis: Names, Countries, Works, Terms . Translation. Vienna: Springer, 2004, ISBN 3-211-83748-5 , p. 406
  • Ilse Korotin, Margarethe Hilferding. In: Schelle Frauen, Verlag BMUK, Vienna 1996
  • Martina Gamper: "... so I can't help but wonder that there aren't more female doctors." : the position of female doctors in "Red Vienna" (1922–1934) . Publishing house Austrian Medical Association, 2000
  • Sonja Stipsits: Margarete Hönigsberg: from the life of a pioneer. Daughters of Hippocrates . Publishing house Austrian Medical Association, 2000.
  • Eveline List: Mother Love and Birth Control - Between Psychoanalysis and Socialism Mandelbaum Verlag, Vienna 2006; ISBN 3-85476-184-8
  • Elke Mühlleitner: Hilferding, Margarethe. In: Brigitta Keintzel, Ilse Korotin (ed.): Scientists in and from Austria. Life - work - work. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-205-99467-1 , pp. 289–290.

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Hilferding  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ^ At Élisabeth Roudinesco the extermination camp Maly Trostinez is given
  2. ^ Entry on Margarete Hilferding in Alain de Mijolla (Ed.): International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis, Thomson Gale, 2005, p. 746.
  3. ^ Johannes Cremerius : Margarete Hilferding. In: Ernst Federn and Gerhard Wittenberger (ed.): From the circle around Sigmund Freud . On the protocols of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Association, Fischer Taschenbuch Frankfurt 1992, pp. 117–120.
  4. ↑ http://www.univie.ac.at/biografiA/daten/text/bio/Hilferding_Margarethe.htm
personal data
SURNAME Hilferding, Margarete
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hilferding-Hönigsberg, Margret; Hilferding, Margarethe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian doctor and individual psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 20, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 1942
Place of death Theresienstadt ghetto , Maly Trostinec