Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin

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Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin (born Jacotin ; * July 7, 1905 in Paris ; † October 19, 1972 ibid) was a French mathematician .

Life

Marie-Louise Jacotin was the daughter of a bank lawyer and had mathematics lessons from the sister of the mathematician Élie Cartan at Jules Ferry High School . In 1926 she was second in the entrance exams for the elite university École normal supérieure (ENS). Nevertheless, as a woman, formal hurdles were set up for her, and Jacotin was only able to study at the ENS after protests from others. Her teachers included Jacques Hadamard , Henri Lebesgue and Henri Villat , among others . In 1929 she took the examination for the Agrégation in mathematics for men (there was a separate one for women) and was third on a par with Claude Chevalley . In 1930 she married the mathematician Paul Dubreil , a fellow student at the ENS, with whom she had a daughter. In 1930, at the invitation of Vilhelm Bjerknes , she went to Oslo , where she studied hydrodynamics , and then visited Italy and Germany with her husband. In Italy she was with Tullio Levi-Civita and also dealt with hydrodynamics, in Germany with Emmy Noether first in Frankfurt am Main (where Emmy Noether lectured in 1930/31) and then in Göttingen. It was there that she and her husband became interested in modern algebra. In 1934 she did her doctorate in the field of fluid mechanics in Paris with Ernest Vessiot (Sur la détermination rigoureuse des ondes permanentes périodiques d'ampleur finie). This made her the third woman to receive a doctorate in mathematics in France. In 1935 she held the Cours Peccot at the Collège de France (an award for new doctoral students in mathematics). When her husband was a professor in Nancy , she accepted a position at Rennes University in 1939 , as joint teaching commitments were not welcomed by spouses at the same university. In 1940 she taught in Lyon and in 1943 professor at the University of Poitiers , making her the first female mathematics professor in France (Poitiers was still part of the German-occupied zone). She continued her academic career when her husband became a professor in Paris. In 1956 she also became a professor at the Faculté des Sciences in Paris and taught at the Institut Henri Poincaré until her death . In 1972 she was the victim of a traffic accident and five weeks later succumbed to a heart attack.

A street in the XIII. Paris' arrondissement is named after Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin, another street near where she worked at the University of Poitiers .

In 1952 she was president of the Société Mathématique de France .

plant

After completing her doctorate , Dubreil-Jacotin increasingly shifted her research focus from hydrodynamics to algebra. From 1943 Dubreil-Jacotin founded a research group at the University of Poitiers, to which she called three others and the then 23-year-old Marcel-Paul Schützenberger , who dealt with half-groups . Her husband had had a seminar on algebra and number theory in Paris since 1946 (areas that were still neglected in France compared to traditionally strong analysis) with Charles Pisot , which she co-led from 1957 (Léonce Lesieur joined in 1967). From 1962 to 1971 she was involved in the publication of the seminar minutes. She and her husband published a textbook on modern algebra (in the sense of the school of Emmy Noether) and was co-author of a monograph on the theory of associations. Later she dealt with ordered semigroups and from the late 1960s on the application of algebra in computer science.

She wrote the chapter Women in Mathematics in a 1948 anthology on mathematics edited by François Le Lionnais .

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literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jean Leray: Marie-Louise Dubreil: 7 juillet 1905 - 19 octobre 1972 , Annuaire des Anciens Élèves de l'École Normale Supérieure, 1972 (French; English translation )
  2. ↑ Published in the Journal des mathématiques pure et appliquées
  3. ↑ Kosmann-Schwarzbach, loc. cit. 2015. The first was the astronomer Edmée Chandon (1885-1944) in 1930, with a dissertation on astronomy and geodesy, and the second (with the first dissertation in pure mathematics) Marie Charpentier in 1931 in Poitiers.
  4. ^ Yvonne Kosmann-Schwarzbach, Women mathematicians in France in the mid 20th century, BSHM Bulletin 2015
  5. ↑ Lesieur: Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin , 1973 (French)
  6. ↑ Léonce Lesieur (1914-2002), from 1960 professor at the Sorbonne and later in Orsay
personal data
SURNAME Dubreil-Jacotin, Marie-Louise
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jacotin, Marie-Louise
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH July 7, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH October 19, 1972
Place of death Paris