Marie Anna Schirmann
Marie Anna Schirmann (born February 19, 1893 in Vienna , † March 5, 1941 in Modliborzyce near Janów Lubelski , Lublin district ) was an Austrian physicist . She was the first female physicist to apply for a habilitation at the University of Vienna (1930).
Life
Schirmann was the daughter of Moritz Schirmann, a music professor at the Vienna Conservatory, and a trainee in medicine who practiced at the Sankt Anna Children's Hospital (women were not allowed to receive a medical doctorate at that time ).
Schirmann graduated from Vienna in 1914. From the winter semester 1914/15 she studied at the Philosophical Faculty in Vienna . Her main subjects were physics and mathematics . In 1918 she wrote her dissertation “Dispersion and polychroism of polarized light that is diffracted by individual particles of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of light” . On July 8, 1918, she obtained a doctorate in philosophy (Dr. phil.).
In 1918, Schirmann was assigned as a scientific assistant to the kk pilot radio test laboratory of the Electrotechnical Institute of the Technical University . In 1920 a travel grant enabled her to continue her education at Uppsala University . In 1921 she patented her invention of an advanced X-ray tube . From 1922 to 1930 she was assistant to Professor Felix Ehrenhaft at the Second Physics Institute at the University of Vienna. During this time she researched and developed high vacuum systems . In 1924 she acquired the patent for a mercury vapor extreme vacuum pump . In 1926 she determined the static electricity between gases and solids . In 1928, together with the scientists Karl Gillern and Viktor Hussa, she researched the effects of ultraviolet irradiated milk as an anti-rachitic agent (remedy against rickets ).
In 1930, Schirmann submitted her habilitation application as a retired assistant at the Physics Institute . Her habilitation thesis "New ways of generating, maintaining and measuring the most extreme high vacuums and the investigation of the physical properties of degassed matter in a vacuum, especially the static electricity between solid bodies and gases" consisted of several summarized works and their patents. In 1931, however, the university commission rated their work as unsuitable.
In the mid-1930s, Schirmann was still researching physical-technical methods in electromedicine .
On March 4, 1941, Schirmann was arrested because of her Jewish descent and deported from Vienna to Modliborzyce near Janów Lubelski . There she was probably murdered.
Fonts
- Dispersion and polychronicity of polarized light, which is diffracted by individual particles of the order of magnitude of the wavelength of the light (dissertation), 1919
- On the theory of double grids, I. An electrostatic problem, 1920
- New theoretical studies on the polarization of light in turbid media and its consequences on the problems of atmospheric polarization, 1920
- The creation of the most extreme vacuums by cooling, highly heatable metals as sorbents, 1926
- Physical methods, 1928
- According to m. Karl von Gillern, Viktor Hussa: Milk irradiated with ultraviolet rays as an antirachitic, 1928
- On the influence of the gases in glass on lighting technology issues, 1929
- The physical-technical methods of electromedicine and their equipment, 1934
literature
- Ilse Korotin and Nastasja Stupnicki (eds.), Biographies of important Austrian scientists. “Curiosity drives me to ask questions.”, Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2018, pp. 753–754
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schirmann, Marie Anna |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Schirmann, MA |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 19, 1893 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 5, 1941 |
| Place of death | Modliborzyce near Janów Lubelski , Lublin District |