Marian calendar
Marian calendars were a form of folk calendars that was widespread, especially in the late 19th century, against the background of the Roman Catholic veneration of saints , in which Mary, the mother of Jesus , played a central role.
Origin and character
The devotion to Mary has a long history in the Catholic Church, and Mary's calendars can be seen as an expression of popular piety . One reason for the widespread use of these calendars in the late 19th century was that of Pope Pius IX on December 8, 1854 . proclaimed bull Ineffabilis Deus , who raised the Immaculate Conception to a dogma .
In addition to a calendar , Marian calendars contain primarily pictorial, but also textual content that relates to Mary and her significance for the life of faith . Furthermore, many Marian calendars contain general elements of practical life, which mainly come from the rural way of life . These include, for example, moon phases or pawn rules . While these calendars reached a circulation of 400,000 at the time of their heyday in the German-speaking area , today there is only one regular Marian calendar in the German-speaking area .
Well-known historical Marian calendars in German-speaking countries (in alphabetical order)
- Duderstädter Marienkalender (1880 to the end of the 1880s, Germany)
- Eichsfelder Marienkalender (1873–2003, Germany)
- Einsiedler Marienkalender (Benziger's Marienkalender - partly with texts by Karl May , Germany / Switzerland)
- Large Marien calendar for the year (1893–1918, Verlag Adalbert Horvath, Austria)
- Kevelaer Marien-Kalender (1903-1907, Germany)
- Little Mary Calendar for the Catholic People (1890–1918, Verlag Adalbert Horvath, Austria)
- Luxembourg Marian Calendar (1877–2017, last published by Editions Saint-Paul , Luxembourg)
- Mary's Calendar of the People's Missionary (1933–1958, Hofbauer-Verlag GmbH, Germany / Austria)
- Marienkalender for Eichsfeld (1872 - late 1880s, Verlag Anton Julius Höfener, Germany)
- Marienkalender for Central Germany (1950–1952, Verlag Cordier, Germany)
- Mary's Calendar to Promote Christian Life (1923, Romania)
- Mary, Mother of God: the new Marienkalender (2005–2007, St. Benno-Verlag, Germany)
- New illustrated Marian calendar in honor of Our Lady of Lourdes (1889–1917, Germany)
- Regensburg Marienkalender (1866– ?, published by Verlag Pustet , Germany)
- Riograndenser Marien-Kalender (1918–1936, Germany / Brazil)
- Tyrolean Marienkalender (1874–1877, 1883–1888, 1890–1891, 1893–1898, 1900–1915, 1917–1920, Austria)
Currently appearing Marienkalender in German-speaking countries
- Austrian Marienkalender (Austrian portraits of the Virgin Mary, since 2002, Austria)
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Mellmann, Katja, Reiling, Jesko: Forgotten constellations of literary public between 1840 and 1885 . Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-047877-8 .
- ^ Fritz Pustet: Company history. In: website. Verlag Friedrich Pustet GmbH & Co. KG, 2018, accessed on August 26, 2018 .
- ↑ marienkalender.at - The Austrian Marienkalender. Retrieved August 26, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Manuel Müller: Duderstädter Pestbuch .
- ^ Günther Wiegand: The local history journals of the Eichsfeldes. (PDF) In: Website. MECKE DRUCK UND VERLAG, accessed on August 26, 2018 .
- ↑ Benziger's Marienkalender. In: Karl May Wiki. Retrieved August 26, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Karl Semmelweis: The oldest calendar prints in the Burgenland area and the calendar literature of the Burgenland-western Hungarian area . In: Burgenland homeland sheets . tape 43 , 1981, pp. 18–37 ( PDF on ZOBODAT [accessed on August 26, 2018]).
- ↑ State Library Dr. Friedrich Teßmann: Newspapers and magazines. In: website. State Library Dr. Friedrich Teßmann, accessed on August 26, 2018 .
- ↑ marienkalender.at - The Austrian Marienkalender. Retrieved August 26, 2018 .