Oleg Georgievich Gasenko

Oleg Georgievich Gasenko ( Russian Олег Георгиевич Газенко ; born December 12, 1918 in the village of Nikolayevka, Stavropol region ; † November 17, 2007 in Moscow ) was a Russian physiologist and the founder of space medicine .

Life

Gasenko graduated from the Military Faculty of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute in 1941 as a military doctor with the rank of captain of the medical service with honors. Together with all the other graduates, he went straight to the front in the German-Soviet War and became a hospital manager in the air force . 1946–1947 he graduated from the Leningrad Military Medical Academy specializing in the Department of Physiology . In the aeronautical medicine laboratory he studied with Leon Abgarowitsch Orbeli and Michail Pawlowitsch Brestkin, physiological problems at high altitudes and the effects of hypoxia at high nerve loads. He married Olga Alexejewna Tolmachevskaja, with whom he had children Alexei and Larissa.

In 1947 Gasenko became an employee of the Institute of Aviation Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR . He has been involved in investigations by pilots in the Arctic and the Karakum desert . From 1955 he worked in the Soviet space program . His main focus was the medical problems under space conditions. He trained and monitored the dogs for the Sputnik-2 project . After the unsuccessful flight of the Sputnik 7-1 with the two dogs Schulka and Schemchuschina, Gasenko took Schulka in and cared for him for almost 14 years. In the Vostok-1 project he trained Yuri Alexejewitsch Gagarin . He received his doctorate in biological sciences . In 1966 he was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)).

In 1969, by decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR , Gasenko became director of the Institute for Medical- Biological Problems (IMBP) of the AN-SSSR, founded in 1963, as successor to Vasily Vasilyevich Parins . He initiated the Bion project to research the life and growth processes in plants and animals under the conditions of weightlessness . In 1976 he was elected a real member of the AN-SSSR. In 1987, Gasenko was elected President of the All-Russian (now Russian) Pavlov Society of Physiology. In 1988 Gasenko retired but remained a consultant. His successor as director of the IMBP was Anatoly Ivanovich Grigoryev .

From 1989-1991 Gasenko was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and a member of the Committee on Science and Education. He was a member of the commission investigating the events of April 9, 1989 in Tbilisi during the crackdown on demonstrators by Soviet paratroopers led by Colonel Alexander Ivanovich Lebed .

Gasenko was buried in the Troyekurovo cemetery in Moscow .

Prices

• State Prize of the USSR (1978)
• Pavlov Gold Medal of the AN-SSSR (1988)
• Demidow Prize (1998)

Honors

• Medal "For Merit in Combat" (twice)
• Medal "For the capture of Berlin"
• Medal "Victory over Germany"
• Order of the Red Star (three times)
• Order of Lenin
• Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union
• Medal "20th Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 "
• Order of the October Revolution
• Order of the Great Patriotic War
• Medal "30. Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 "
• Anniversary medal "In memory of the 100th birthday of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
• Medal "40. Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 "
• Medal "50. Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 "
• Medal "60. Anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945 "
• North Star Order of Mongolia
• Order of Merit for the Fatherland IV Class (1998)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Газенко Олег Георгиевич. RAN; accessed on August 26, 2018.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Олег Газенко Oleg Gazenko. Peoples.ru; accessed on August 26, 2018.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Газенко Олег Георгиевич. IMBP; accessed on August 26, 2018.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Alexandr Grigoriev, Mikhail Ugryumov, Boleslav Lichterman: Oleg Georgievich Gazenko . In: British Medical Journal . tape 336 , no. 7640 , p. 394 , doi : 10.1136 / bmj.39489.514282.BE , PMC 2244784 (free full text).
5. ^ Author collective under the direction of OG Gasenko: The graceful glorious dogs Laika, Belka, Strelka . Elbe-Dnjepr-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-940541-13-0 .
6. ↑ Ветерок, Уголек и еще 10 космических собак accessed on August 25, 2018.
7. ↑ Kate Baklitskaya: The remarkable (and censored) Siberian adventure of stray dog ​​cosmonauts Comet and Shutka . In: The Siberian Times . May 1, 2013 ( siberiantimes.com [accessed August 26, 2018]).
8. ↑ ^{a b} S.P. Korolev: OG Gazenko necrolog. Rocket and Space Corporation Energia; accessed on August 26, 2018.
9. ↑ Gasenko's grave (accessed August 25, 2018).