St. Marien (Barsinghausen)
The St. Marien monastery church in Barsinghausen is the late Romanesque church of the Barsinghausen monastery in the Hanover region . It is used by the Marienkirche community in Barsinghausen, which is one of the two Evangelical Lutheran communities in the city of Barsinghausen , Lower Saxony .
history
The Mariengemeinde is the old local parish of Barsinghausen. In 1193 the Barsinghausen Abbey and the Saint Marien Abbey Church were first mentioned in a document. The monastery was founded by Count Wedekind von Schwalenberg a few years earlier as a double monastery : nuns and monks were supposed to live strictly separately and still live together according to the rules of the church father Augustine. However, the double monastery was soon abandoned and from 1229 the chronicle only lists nuns.
The Reformation was introduced in Barsinghausen in 1543. In contrast to other monasteries in the Calenberger Land , the Barsinghausen nuns did not defend themselves against it and so the Barsinghausen monastery was transferred to the Hanover monastery chamber early on . As part of the monastery, the monastery church of St. Mary - the parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Mary - belongs to the general Hanover monastery fund.
During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), the monastery, which by then had developed into a Protestant women's monastery, suffered severe damage. It was not until the years 1700 to 1704 that it could be rebuilt - now in its present form.
The monastery church was again fundamentally changed between 1862 and 1865. At that time the medieval nuns' gallery and the crypt below were demolished. For this purpose, today's galleries and another gallery in the central nave were added. However, this was removed during a redesign in 1959.
At last the monastery was only inhabited by a few conventual women. Since 1996 the monastery has been filled with “monastic life” again: The sisters of the Evangelical Community of Barsinghausen Monastery (part of the Diakonischen Schwesternschaft Wolmirstedt eV) are now continuing the monastic rhythm of “pray and work” ( ora et labora ).
Building description
The Barsinghausen monastery church was built shortly after the monastery was founded in the first half of the 13th century as a cross-shaped, vaulted hall church made of sandstone blocks. It is one of the first hall churches in Lower Saxony and shows Westphalian influence in the powerful modeling of the structures. Rhenish influences can also be identified. Architecturally, the building is characterized by the transition style from Romanesque to Gothic . The three-aisled nave is incomplete with only one yoke, so that the church appears as a central building . Two further yokes have been proven by excavations between 1970 and 1975; they were probably canceled when the Reformation was introduced in 1543 at the latest. A restoration was carried out in 1862-65 by Oberlandbaumeister Vogell, whereby a sacristy annex was built at the choir and the south aisle was opened under the nuns' choir. The galleries, the stalls and the offering box also date from this period. The bell tower stands separately from the church on the north side and was raised by two massive storeys in 1953. It has a half-timbered bell house.
Exterior
The apses, which are polygonal on five sides, are structured like the choir square with pilaster strips . A pointed arch frieze spans under the eaves cornice, which also runs up the east gable. Round blind windows with inlaid quatrefoil or octagon are arranged above the base on the choir and main apse, which is profiled with a bulge, which indicate a possibly only planned crypt . With the exception of the window in the south transept facade, the large windows are slightly ogival and show columns with Attic bases and capitals , some of which are decorated with masks , in the stepped walls , from which the arches extend into the archivolts . On the northern arm of the transept there is a well-designed, three-tiered portal with columns and arches, the rectangular frame of which is projected like risalit and provided with columns on the edges. The corresponding portal on the south side has been renewed.
Interior
The interior shows cross vaults with heavy bulging ribs. which rest on corner pillars. The Attic bases are decorated with various corner leaf shapes. The décor of the capitals and transom plates was revised in the 19th century.
The ogival belt and shield arches are designed with a rectangular cross-section. The south aisle is divided into half bays; thus a vault was probably planned in the bound system . The south transverse arm was originally somewhat deepened and walled up against the crossing ; thus a four-pillar crypt and a nuns gallery above it was planned similar to that in the Herford cathedral .
On the south side on the gallery there is the rest of a late Gothic painting with tapes.
Furnishing
On the altar there are seven late Gothic relief panels with scenes from the life of Christ in the 19th century version, which were reassembled around 1970. A picture of Christ by Carl Wilhelm Friedrich Oesterley , which was made for the main altar around 1865, has been preserved under the north gallery . The former baroque altarpiece from 1717 by court painter Lafontaine is now housed in the monastery gallery. In the window there are coats of arms of the canonies. The font from 1588 stands on a base that probably dates from the Romanesque period. A grave slab and several epitaphs should also be mentioned.
The organ, which was built by Gebr. Hillebrand in 1980, stands on the west gallery . The instrument has 22 registers and has a baroque sound tradition.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bremen - Lower Saxony. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-422-03022-0 , pp. 192–194.
- ↑ Klosterkammer Hannover Monastery Church St. Marien Barsinghausen ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 2.63 MB), viewed December 26, 2015.
Web links
- Parish Ronnenberg: Homepage of the parish
- Monastery Chamber Hanover Monastery Church St. Marien Barsinghausen (PDF file; 2.63 MB)
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 4 " N , 9 ° 27 ′ 39.9" E