Mark Wischnitzer

Mark Wischnitzer (born May 10, 1882 in Rowno , Russian Empire ; died October 15, 1955 in Tel Aviv , Israel ) was a historian of Judaism .

Life

Wischnitzer grew up in Rowno and attended grammar school in the eastern Galician border town of Brody, which belonged to Austria-Hungary , and received Austrian (cisleithan) citizenship. From 1902 to 1906 he studied history and the history of Russia at the University of Vienna and the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin .

Since 1908 in the Russian Empire he was editor of the "Russian-Jewish Encyclopedia" in Saint Petersburg and employee of the magazine Russkaja Mysl . In 1912 he married Rachel Bernstein in St. Petersburg . In St. Petersburg he was editor of the Jewish magazine Istorija Evreiskogo Naroda from 1914 to 1916 . After the October Revolution , the couple left Russia. Wischnitzer worked as a journalist in London until 1921. From 1921 to 1938 he was the managing director of the office of the Aid Association of German Jews in Berlin. Together with his wife Rachel Wischnitzer he was the editor of the Yiddish art magazine Milgroim . In 1924 their son Leonard was born.

On behalf of the Aid Association of German Jews , he visited Jewish settlements in Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. During the National Socialist era , he increasingly concentrated his work on the emigration of German Jews.

In 1938 he himself emigrated to France, where he worked for the Joint Distribution Committee . After the outbreak of war he was interned by the French in 1939 . In 1940 he fled to the United States via Spain, Portugal and the Dominican Republic . In 1948 he became professor of sociology and Jewish history at Yeshiva University in New York. At the invitation of Ben-Zion Dinur , he spent a research semester on Jewish-Russian history in Israel. Shortly before returning home, he died in Tel Aviv at the age of 73.

Fonts

The Jews in the World (1933)

• Visas to freedom: the history of HIAS , Cleveland: World Pub. Co., 1956. Foreword by Solomon Dingol.
• To dwell in safety: The story of Jewish migration since 1800 . Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1949
• The Jews in the world. The present and history of Judaism in all countries , Reiss: Berlin 1935
• The Jewish guild constitution in Poland and Lithuania in the 17th and 18th centuries , Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, [approx. 1927]
• The University of Göttingen and the development of liberal ideas in Russia in the first quarter of the 19th century , Berlin, Ebering, 1907

literature

• Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945. Edited by the Leo Baeck Institute, Jerusalem. Saur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 .
• Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Kraus Reprint, Nendeln 1979, ISBN 3-262-01204-1 (reprint of the Czernowitz edition 1925). Volume 7, p. 497.
• Ernst G. Lowenthal: Jews in Preussen , Berlin: Reimer, 1982 ISBN 3-496-01012-6 .
• Wischnitzer, Mark. In: Encyclopaedia Judaica , 1971, Volume 16, Col. 554.
• Maria Kühn-Ludewig: Yiddish books from Berlin (1918-1936): titles, people, publishers , Kirsch, Nümbrecht, 2008 ISBN 978-3-933586-56-8 .
• Tobias Brinkmann: Place of Transition - Berlin as the interface of Jewish migration from Eastern Europe after 1918 . in: Verena Dohrn (Ed.): Transit and Transformation: Eastern European Jewish Migrants in Berlin 1918 - 1939 . Göttingen: Wallstein-Verlag, 2010 ISBN 978-3-8353-0797-1 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Mark Wischnitzer in the catalog of the German National Library
• Rachel Wischnitzer Archive at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York