Martial Caillebotte

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Martial Caillebotte (left) and his brother Gustave (right), unknown photographer, before 1895

Martial Caillebotte (born April 7, 1853 in Paris , † January 16, 1910 ibid) was a French composer , pianist , philatelist and photographer . He studied music at the Paris Conservatory and composed several pieces for piano, some orchestral works and songs. Of these compositions he published only a few works during his lifetime. Only a few of his organ pieces were performed in public. Together with his older brother Gustave Caillebotte , he amassed an important stamp collection. The Philatelic Congress of Great Britain lists the two brothers among the 42 people that this organization calls the Fathers of Philately . Martial Caillebotte had a close relationship with his brother Gustave. After his death, he negotiated as his estate administrator with the French state about the foundation of his brother's painting collection, which is now part of the core inventory of the Paris Musée d'Orsay . Martial Caillebotte's photographic work went almost unnoticed for more than 100 years before it became known to a broad public in exhibitions in France and Canada in 2011/2012.

Life

Martial Caillebotte: Gustave Caillebotte et Bergère sur la place du Caroussel , photograph, 1892

Martial Caillebotte came from a wealthy family. His father, who was also called Martial, was married three times. The son Alfred, born in 1834, who was ordained a priest in 1858, comes from his first marriage with Adèle Zoé Boissière. The daughter Léonie, born in 1830, died in 1836, the mother only survived the child by a few days. Afterwards, the father married Stéphanie Lemasquerie in 1843. A year later their son Max was born, who like the mother died shortly after birth. The father's third marriage was in 1847 with Céleste Daufresne. This marriage resulted in three sons: Gustave Caillebotte , who later became famous painter, was born in 1848, followed by René in 1851 and finally the third son Martial Caillebotte, who was born on April 7, 1853. His mother was 34 when he was born and his father was 54 years old.

Martial Caillebotte: Jeune garçon, voilier au petit Gennevilliers , photography, date unknown

The father had earned the fortune in the family's textile company, which supplied the army with clothing. He also had large estates in Paris. The family initially lived in Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Denis before their father had a luxurious town house built at 77 Rue Miromesnil in 1866. The family also owned an extensive country estate in Yerres . In addition to his business activities, the father was also a judge at the commercial court (Tribunal de commerce de la Seine) from 1861. Martial and his brothers were financially secure thanks to their family assets and were not forced to earn their own living. His brother Gustave first studied law, but then trained as a painter. Gustave portrayed his brother Martial in the paintings Young Man at the Piano (1876), The Orange Trees (1878), Card Players and The Bézique Game (both 1880). Nothing is known about any occupation of his brother René. Only stepbrother Alfred had a permanent job as a pastor.

Financially independent, Martial Caillebotte developed very different interests throughout his life. First he studied piano with Antoine François Marmontel and harmony with Théodore Dubois at the Conservatoire de Musique de Paris . He finished his studies in 1874 and received the 2nd prize of the conservatory for harmony. In the following years he composed several pieces for piano, some orchestral works and songs. Most of his works remained unpublished and were not performed. Works that were performed in public include some of his organ works, which he wrote especially for the parish church of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette , where his half-brother Alfred was pastor. His daughter described his music as Wagnerian , i.e. written in the style of Richard Wagner .

Several close family members died within a few years. After the death of his father in 1874, his brother René died in 1876, followed by his mother in 1878. The two surviving brothers, Gustave and Martial Caillebotte, enjoyed a very close relationship in the following years and in some cases developed common interests. In 1876, both brothers became members of the Cercle de la voile de Paris sailing club in Argenteuil and subsequently took part in various regattas. In 1876, too, the two brothers began building up an important stamp collection. Their collecting area included all postage stamps in the world from 1840 to 1880. In 1887 the brothers sold this collection to the philatelist Thomas Tapling , who later donated it to the library of the British Museum in London along with other stamp collections . The Philatelic Congress of Great Britain honored Gustave and Martial Caillebotte in 1921 with the inclusion in the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists . There you belong to the 42 people who are referred to as fathers of philately ( fathers of philately ). Martial's passion for collecting was not only stamps but also faience .

Pierre-Auguste Renoir: Jean and Geneviève Caillebotte , 1895, private collection

After their mother's death, Gustave and Martial Caillebotte sold the country house in Yerres and their parents' house on Rue Miromesnil and moved into an apartment at 31 Boulevard Haussmann , where they lived together from 1879 to 1887. In 1881 the brothers bought a house together in Petit Gennevilliers on the Seine . The Argenteuil opposite was a center of sailing at this time and the Caillebotte brothers could pursue their leisure time here in the summer months. In 1887 Martial Caillebotte married Marie Minoret in Paris. Half-brother Alfred performed the wedding ceremony. The couple lived on rue Scribe in Paris and Martial sold his shares in the house in Petit Gennevilliers to his brother. Martial and Marie Caillebotte's marriage resulted in two children: their son Jean was born in 1888 and their daughter Geneviève in 1890. The painter Pierre-Auguste Renoir portrayed the two children in an oil painting in 1895. In July 1886 Martial Caillebotte and his friend Renoir traveled to Germany, where they visited the Richard Wagner Festival in Bayreuth and museums in Dresden.

After the death of his brother Gustave Caillebotte in 1894, Martial and Renoir took over negotiations about the donation of his brother's painting collection to the French state. Gustave Caillebotte had decreed in his will that his collection of works by his Impressionist friends (including Édouard Manet's The Balcony and Renoir's Bal du moulin de la Galette ) should go to the state. After lengthy negotiations, however, the latter was only willing to accept part of this collection because the acceptance of the collection was linked to the condition that the pictures be exhibited in Paris in the Louvre or in the Musée du Luxembourg. Today the Caillebotte Foundation is part of the Musée d'Orsay . Gustave Caillebotte had not intended any of his own works for this donation, so that his brother Martial inherited almost all of his brother's works. With the donation, Martial Caillebotte left two works by his brother ( Snowy Roofs and Die Parettschleifer ) also to the state, the rest later, after the son Jean died as a young man, to the daughter Geneviève, whose descendants still have an extensive inventory of the works Own caillebottes.

Martial Caillebotte's work as a photographer remained hidden from the public for a long time. Only on the 100th anniversary of his death did the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec and the Musée Jacquemart-André in Paris in 2011/2012 show an exhibition with his photos and juxtapose them with paintings by Gustave Caillebotte. Under the title Dans l'intimité des frères Caillebotte , visitors were able to see 150 photographs of Martial Caillebotte for the first time. Although most of the photos were taken after Gustave's death, they often show related subjects. Martial may have been inspired by his brother's pictures. In addition to family members and friends, he photographed interiors, cityscapes and garden pictures.

Musical works

  • L'Enfant prodigue - épisode biblique, text by Paul-Armand Silvestre , published by Georges Hartmann , Paris 1883
  • Ecce Quam Bonum, Psaume CXXXII , Mass for soloists, choir and orchestra, dedicated to his brother Abbé Alfred Caillebotte, published by Georges Hartmann, Paris 1887
  • Airs de Ballets , five pieces for piano, published by Georges Hartmann, Paris 1887
  • Roncevaux - drame symphonique, text by Édouard Blau , text published by Chaix, Paris 1891
  • Valse pour le piano , published by E. & A. Girod, Paris 1878.
  • Don Paez - poème dramatique, after Contes d'Espagne et d'Italie by Alfred de Musset
  • Mon âme à son secret , text by Félix Arvers
  • Le Nuage , text by Théophile Gautier
  • Mignonne allons voir si la rose , text by Pierre de Ronsard
  • Chanson , text by Olivier Basselin

Discography

  • Musique de Martial Caillebotte , interpreted by Mario Hacquard (vocals), Claude Collet and Pascal Dessein (piano), Hybrid'music 2011. Included are the pieces Air de ballet n ° 2 , Mon âme a son secret , Le Nuage , Mignonne allons voir si la rose and chanson .
  • Solennelle de Pâques Fair . Mathilde Vérolles, soprano; Patrick Garayt, tenor; Eric Martin-Bonnet, bass; Mathias Lecomte, organ; Chœur régional Vittoria d'Île-de-France - Orchester Pasdeloup , Michel Piquemal , SISYPHE020 2012

literature

Web links

Commons : Martial Caillebotte  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gleis, Ralph (ed.): Gustave Caillebotte: painter and patron of impressionism . Hirmer, Munich 2019, ISBN 978-3-7774-3322-6 ( gustavecaillebotteinberlin.de [accessed June 18, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Caillebotte, Martial
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French composer, pianist, photographer and philatelist
DATE OF BIRTH April 7, 1853
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1910
Place of death Paris