Martin Teimer from Wildau
Martin Rochus Teimer Freiherr von Wildau (born August 14, 1778 in Schlanders , South Tyrol ; † September 27, 1838 at Herbersdorf Castle near Wildon , Styria ) was a Tyrolean freedom fighter and later an Austrian officer , who was also awarded the Military Maria Theresa Order was awarded.
Origin and education
Martin Rochus Teimer ( Theimer in the older spelling ) was born in Schlanders in Vinschgau (South Tyrol) as the son of the day laborer Martin Teimer († 1811) and Anna Teimer, b. Stainer († 1781) was born the third of four children. With the support of church authorities, Teimer attended the Benedictine grammar school in Meran and began studying law in Innsbruck in 1796 . He soon interrupted this in order to prove himself as ensign of the Maiser Schützen in the fighting in the area of Nonsberg in 1797. In 1799 appointed captain of a Bolzano company in the field, he was honored for his bravery in battles in the Lower Engadine. In 1802 he accepted a position as captain of the newly organized Tyrolean militia (Silandro company) and moved back to the Vinschgau. After Bavaria came to power in 1806, he moved to Klagenfurt in Carinthia, where he was given a leading position in the tobacco industry.
Role in the Tyrolean struggle for freedom
Preparation of the uprising
During the fifth coalition war against Napoleon in 1809, Josef Freiherr von Hormayr , a confidante of Archduke Johann , organized the preparation of a popular uprising in Tyrol and invited representatives of the Tyrolean resistance around Andreas Hofer . As Archduke Johann's confidante, Teimer traveled several times to northern Tyrol to prepare for the uprising militarily. In contrast to Hofer, Teimer was also able to win over middle-class and urban circles for this concern. Together with Andreas Hofer he called in an "open order" to all Tyrolean militia captains on April 9, 1809 for this uprising and was one of the central figures of the movement in the early phase.
Commander in the Bergisel battles
After the fighting began, Teimer was in command in northern Tyrol and Vinschgau and took part in the first Bergisel Battle as captain of the Tyrolean rifles , with the provincial capital Innsbruck being liberated on April 12 by Tyrolean armed forces under the command of Andreas Hofer and Teimer. The Bavarian troops under General Georg August Heinrich von Kinckel had to surrender to the Tyroleans. On April 13, a French-Bavarian corps under General Baptiste Pierre Bisson , which came from the Brenner Pass and wanted to recapture Innsbruck from the hands of the Tyroleans , surrendered near Wilten in front of Teimer. A ruse by Teimer - who as a Tyrolean rifleman had slipped into the uniform of a retired officer of the Austrian Army General Staff - prevented a renewed fight for Innsbruck. Teimer had an interpreter named Lener schedule a surrender negotiation with Wilten and fired a cannon shot at a specified time. Through his energetic demeanor as a false officer in the Austrian army, he could convincingly claim that the auxiliary troops of the Austrian army were already before Innsbruck. In fact, they were only on the northern border near Kufstein. The 8,000 Bavarians and French surrendered unconditionally and without a fight. In order to secure the surrender treaty, Teimer was subsequently appointed major in the Austrian army by Emperor Franz I. Teimer also led the Oberinntal contingents in the second Bergisel Battle. As a commander in northern Tyrol (Hofer exercised this function for the southern part of the country), he subsequently undertook forays into neighboring Bavaria in order to secure supplies. This brought him into opposition to Hofer and contributed to the estrangement of the two.
Withdrawal from Tyrol
Although Emperor Franz I promised the Tyroleans at the end of June 1809 that they would not make peace with France without “Tyrol near Austria”, point IV of the Znojmo armistice concerned the evacuation of Tyrol and Vorarlberg by Austrian troops. This personal disappointment and his cool relationship with Hofer as well as the realistic assessment of the political and military situation may have been the reason that Major Teimer left Tyrol with the last troops of the Emperor at the end of July 1809. He did not take part in any further fighting afterwards. Although his contribution to the Tyrolean liberation struggles is at least as high as that of Josef Speckbacher and Andreas Hofer , Teimer was almost hushed up for a long time in the history of the Tyrol and also in people's thinking.
Awards
Already on May 15, 1809 he and Andreas Hofer had been raised to the simple Austrian nobility by a hand ticket issued by Emperor Franz I in Niederhollabrunn to Count Ugarte , in 1810 Major Teimer was awarded the Military Maria Theresa Order and due to the statutes of this order, raised to the status of Austrian baron on June 29, 1812 with the predicate "von Wildau" (in the older spelling Wiltau , Wilten ) . On December 18, 1827, he was accepted into the Styrian and on February 12, 1832 into the Tyrolean estates. Martin-Theimer-Park was named after him at his place of birth in Schlanders . There is also a monument in Lasa marble . In 1959, the Unter vinschgau rifle battalion "Martin Teimer" was named in his honor.
family
Teimer was married three times:
- I. with Maria Veronica Mayer (* 1774 † 1826),
- II. Maria Kraxner (* 1797 † 1829) and
- III. Rosa Edle von Pichler (* 1794 † 1883).
Children from marriage I:
- Franziska married v. Warnhauser ,
- Antonia married Gallina (died before her father),
- Theresia married Prandstetter ,
- Sebastian (died before his father, presumably single),
- Johanna married Lewohl and
- Franz (* 1812 † 1812),
Daughter from 2nd marriage:
- Maria married Baroness Cattanei di Momo .
Teimer’s great-grandchildren are genealogical about the Lewohl family, the leading officers and generals of the Austrian Armed Forces Eugen and Camillo Bregant in the First Republic .
Herbersdorf Castle
Parish Church of All Saints near Wildon
Retirement
Baron Teimer von Wildau spent his twilight years in Styria, where he was able to acquire and take over Herbersdorf Castle (municipality of Allerheiligen near Wildon ) on October 15, 1812 with a grant from the Emperor of 100,000 guilders . From 1834 to 1836 he acted again as a military advisor to Archduke Johann and drafted extensive proposals for the reform of the Tyrolean national defense. As a sign of special favor, the Emperor granted him Hocheppan Castle as a fief in 1834 . He died in 1838 and is buried in the parish church of All Saints near Wildon.
Literature and Sources
- Josef Egger: Teimer, Martin Rochus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 37, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 547-550.
- Registries of the diocese Graz-Seckau, Allerheiligen bei Wildon.
- Anno Nine Historical images from the glory days of Tyrol. Volumes XXIII and XXIV.
- P. Gamper: A picture of life from Tyrol's heroic days. Innsbruck 1909.
- Wiener Genealogisches Taschenbuch 1926 (Familienartikel Pichler).
- Karl Schober (ed.): Beautiful old Styria. Lithographs and texts. Volume 2, Leykam, 1989, ISBN 3-7011-7227-7 , pp. 30, 31. *
- Denise Ruffin: Un hôte de Cuiseaux: le général Bisson , review "Images de Saône-et-Loire", no 112 de December 1997, p. 24-2
Web links
- Entry on Martin Teimer von Wildau in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
Individual evidence
- ^ History of the state of Tyrol. Athesia-Tyrolia Verlagsanstalt, 1986, ISBN 88-7014-417-8 , Volume 2, pp. 514, 516 ff., 523 ff.
- ↑ Wolfgang Meighörner : 1809 - the management report of the Appellate Council Andreas Alois di Pauli von Treuheim. In: Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum (Hrsg.): Scientific yearbook of the Tiroler Landesmuseen. 4, 2011, pp. 321-417 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
- ^ Rudolf Granichstaedten-Czerva: Did Andreas Hofer know about his rise to the nobility? In: Ders .: Andreas Hofer's old guard. Innsbruck 1932, pp. 127–128 ( online at haben.at ).
- ↑ Peter Frank-Döfering: Adelslexikon des Österreichischen Kaisertums 1804-1918. Herder, Wien 1989, ISBN 3-210-24925-3 , p. 192 (No. 4291) and p. 530 (No. 9379).
- ↑ Jaromir Hirtenfeld : The Military Maria Theresa Order and its members. Imperial Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1857, p. 1746.
- ^ Carl Schmutz: Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark. Volume 2, p. 162.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Teimer from Wildau, Martin |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Teimer von Wildau, Martin Freiherr (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian freedom fighter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | August 14, 1778 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Schlanders , South Tyrol |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 27, 1838 |
| Place of death | Herbersdorf , Styria |