Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

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Bukit Batok station platform

Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) is the name of Singapore's metro network. With the exception of the North South Line and the East West Line outside the city center, it is mostly guided in tunnels . The first route of the MRT from Yio Chu Kang to Toa Payoh opened in 1987. The routes were built by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). The operation of the MRT is the responsibility of SMRT Corporation and SBS Transit .

The tunnel stations are equipped with platform screen doors that only open after the train has stopped in order to ensure continuous air conditioning of the stations. At the same time, the track area is secured against entry by people.

history

The five operating lines in Singapore and the planned sections and lines.
Social distancing in COVID-19 , with commuters wearing masks.

Ordered chronologically:

  • 1967 First plans for the metro
  • March 28, 1982 Decision to build a metro (MRT) after a long discussion about whether a bus system alone is sufficient or not
  • November 7, 1987 Opening of the first section of today's North South Line Yio Chu Kang - Toa Payoh (6 km, 5 stations)
  • December 12, 1987 Opening of the second section of today's North South Line and East West Line from Toa Payoh to Outram Park
  • March 12, 1988 Opening of the third section of today's East West Line from Outram Park to Clementi. The MRT system was officially opened by Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew .
  • November 20, 1988 Opening of the section on what is now the East West Line from Clementi via Jurong East to Lakeside
  • December 16, 1988 Opening of the section on today's North South Line from Yio Chu Kang to Yishun
  • November 4, 1989 Separation of the system into East West Line and North South Line
  • December 20, 1989 Opening of the section of the East West Line from Tanah Merah to Pasir Ris
  • March 10, 1990 Opening of the section on the North South Line from Jurong East to Choa Chu Kang (initially operated as a branch of the East West Line)
  • July 6, 1990 Completion of the planned North South and East West Lines, with the opening of the Boon Lay Station
  • February 10, 1996 Opening of the Woodlands extension from Yishun to Choa Chu Kang, which merges the branch of the East West Line from Jurong East to Choa Chu Kang with the North South Line
  • November 6, 1999 Bukit Panjang LRT
  • January 10, 2001 Opening of the Expo Station (East West Line)
  • October 18, 2001 Dover Station (East West Line) opens
  • February 27, 2002 Connection of Changi Airport to the MRT network as a branch line to the East West Line
  • January 20, 2003 Commissioning of the Sengkang LRT (only east loop)
  • June 20, 2003 Commissioning of the North East Line (driverless)
  • January 29, 2005 Commissioning of the Punggol LRT (only east loop) and Sengkang LRT (only west loop)
  • January 15, 2006 Buangkok station (North East Line) opens
  • June 15, 2007 Opening of the Oasis station (Punggol LRT)
  • November 15, 2007 Opening of the Farmway station (Sengkang LRT)
  • May 28, 2009 Commissioning of the Circle Line (Bartley to Marymount) (driverless)
  • April 17, 2010 Extension of the Circle Line (Dhoby Ghaut to Tai Seng)
  • June 20, 2011 Damai (Punggol LRT) and Woodleigh (North East Line) stations open
  • October 8, 2011 Extension of the Circle Line (Caldecott to HarbourFront)
  • January 14, 2012 Extension of the Circle Line (Promenade to Marina Bay)
  • March 15, 2012 Since the beginning of 2012, all platforms on the stilted routes of the East West Line and the North South Line have been equipped with platform screen doors.
  • January 1, 2013 Cheng Lim station (Sengkang LRT) opened
  • December 22, 2013 Commissioning of the Downtown Line (Bugis to Chinatown) (driverless)
  • June 29, 2014 Opening of Punggol West LRT (stations Nibong, Sumang and Soo Teck)
  • November 23, 2014 Extension of the North South Line (Marina South Pier)
  • June 27, 2015 Opening of the Kupang station (Sengkang LRT)
  • December 27, 2015 Extension of the Downtown Line (Bukit Panjang to Rochor)
  • February 29, 2016 Sam Kee station (Punggol LRT) opens
  • December 29, 2016 Opening of the Punggol Point station (Punggol LRT)
  • March 31, 2017 Opening of the Samudera station (Punggol LRT)
  • June 18, 2017 Extension of the East West Line (Joo Koon to Tuas Link)
  • October 21, 2017 Extension of the Downtown Line (Chinatown to Expo)
  • November 2, 2019 Canberra Station (North South Line) opens
  • January 31, 2020 Extension of the Thomson-East Coast Line (Woodlands North to Woodlands South)
  • April 7, 2020 to April 13, 2020 36 stations closed due to COVID-19 (Jurong East NSL, Bukit Batok, Bukit Gombak, Choa Chu Kang, Yew Tee, Kranji, Canberra, Marina South Pier, Changi Airport, Expo, Bedok , Kembangan, Eunos, Paya Lebar, Aljunied, Telok Blangah, HarbourFront, Marina Bay CCL, Telok Ayer, Downtown, Bayfront, Promenade DTL, Woodlands North, Woodlands TEL, Woodlands South, Bedok North, Bedok Reservoir, Tampines West, Tampines, Tampines East, Upper Changi, Expo DTL, Gul Circle, Tuas Crescent, Tuas West Road and Tuas Link)
  • April 14, 2020 to April 20, 2020 36 stations closed due to COVID-19 (Kranji, Marsiling, Woodlands, Admiralty, Sembawang, Canberra, Marina South Pier, Pasir Ris, Tampines, Simei, Kallang, Lavender, Bugis, City Hall EWL, Raffles Place EWL, Tanjong Pagar, Buangkok, Sengkang, Punggol, Dhoby Ghaut CCL, Bras Basah, Esplanade, Promenade, Nicoll Highway, Stadium, Bukit Panjang, Cashew, Hillview, Beauty World, Woodlands North, Woodlands TEL, Woodlands South, Gul Circle, Tuas Crescent, Tuas West Road and Tuas Link)
  • April 21, 2020 to April 27, 2020 46 stations closed due to COVID-19 (Kranji, Canberra, Yishun, Khatib, Yio Chu Kang, Ang Mo Kio, Bishan, Braddell, Tiong Bahru, Redhill, Queenstown, Commonwealth, Buona Vista , Dover, Clementi, HarbourFront, Outram Park, Chinatown, Clarke Quay, Dhoby Ghaut NEL, Little India, Mountbatten, Dakota, Paya Lebar, MacPherson, Tai Seng, Bartley, Serangoon, Lorong Chuan, Bishan, Marymount, King Albert Park, Sixth Avenue, Tan Kah Kee, Botanic Gardens, Stevens, Newton, Little India, Rochor, Bugis DTL, Woodlands North, Woodlands TEL, Woodlands South, Gul Circle, Tuas Crescent, Tuas West Road and Tuas Link)
  • April 28, 2020 to May 11, 2020 45 stations closed due to COVID-19 (Kranji, Canberra, Novena, Newton, Orchard, Somerset, Dhoby Ghaut, City Hall, Raffles Place, Marina Bay, Marina South Pier, Chinese Garden, Lakeside, Boon Lay, Pioneer, Joo Koon, Boon Keng, Potong Pasir, Woodleigh, Serangoon, Kovan, Caldecott, Botanic Gardens CCL, Farrer Road, Holland Village, Buona Vista, one-north, Kent Ridge, Haw Par Villa, Pasir Panjang , Fort Canning, Bencoolen, Jalan Besar, Bendemeer, Geylang Bahru, Mattar, MacPherson DTL, Ubi, Woodlands North, Woodlands TEL, Woodlands South, Gul Circle, Tuas Crescent, Tuas West Road and Tuas Link)

MRT station codes were also introduced with single-letter codes from 1987 to 2001, before being switched to double-letter codes in 2001 due to the growing rail network along with the LRT lines Sengkang and Punggol. The station codes were the only ones that were changed on July 31, 2001, with the exception of the signal and viaduct pillars.

code overview Examples For now
A. Bukit Panjang LRT A1 - A14 BP1 - BP14
B. Branch Line from Bukit Batok to Choa Chu Kang, later replaced by the North South Line in 1996. B1 - B3 NS2 - NS4
C. City Center Stations - City Hall, Raffles Place; along with Chinatown, Clarke Quay, Bras Basah and Esplanade. C1 - C6 EW13 / NS25, EW14 / NS26, NE4, NE5, CC2 - CC3
E. East West Line from Bugis to Pasir Ris, Expo and Changi Airport E1 - E14 EW1 - EW12, CG1 - CG2
H HarbourFront H1 NE1 / CC29
M. Marina Bay and Marina South Pier M1 - M2 NS27 - NS28
N North South Line from Dhoby Ghaut to Bukit Batok N1 - N23 NS24 / NE6 / CC1 - NS2
P North East Line from Little India to Punggol P1 - P11 NE7 - NE17
W. East West line from Tanjong Pagar to Tuas Link W1 - W18 EW15 - EW33
X Circle Line X1 - X24 CC4 - CE1

Infrastructure

Route network

Five lines are currently in operation:

line colour route length Train stations Installation depot operator
East West Line EWL Pasir Ris Tuas link 50.3 km 33 December 12, 1987 Bishan Depot
Ulu Pandan Depot
Changi Depot
Tuas Depot 		SMRT
CGL Tanah Merah Changi Airport 6.4 km 3
North South Line NSL Jurong East Marina South Pier 44.8 km 27 November 7, 1987
North East Line NEL HarbourFront Punggol 20 km 16 June 20, 2003 Sengkang Depot SBS transit
Circle Line CCL Dhoby Ghaut HarbourFront 35.7 km 28 May 28, 2009 Kim Chuan Depot SMRT
CEL Marina Bay 2
Downtown Line DTL Bukit Panjang Expo 42 km 34 December 22, 2013 Kim Chuan Depot
Gali Batu Depot 		SBS transit
Thomson - East Coast Line TEL Woodlands North Woodlands South 2.8 km 3 January 31, 2020 Mandai Depot SMRT

Extensions

Lines under construction or in planning:

line colour route length Train stations Installation additional depots description operator
Downtown Line DTL Xilin Sungei Bedok 2.2 km 2 2024 East Coast Integrated Depot DTL3e SBS transit
Downtown Line DTL Station Hume (DT4) 1 2025 To complete SBS transit
North East Line NEL Punggol Punggol Coast 1.6 km 1 2023 Sengkang Depot NELe SBS transit
Thomson - East Coast Line TEL Woodlands South Sungei Bedok 43 km 30th 2020 (Stage 2)
2021 (Stage 3)
2023 (Stage 4)
2024 (Stage 5)
2027 (Founders' Memorial) 		Mandai Depot
East Coast Integrated Depot 		Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5 		SMRT
Circle Line CCL Keppel Prince Edward 4 km 3 2025 - Stage 6 SMRT
Jurong Region Line JRL Choa Chu Kang
Peng Kang Hill
Tengah 		Boon Lay
Jurong Pier
Pandan Reservoir 		24 km 22nd 2026 (Stage 1)
2027 (Stage 2)
2028 (Stage 3) 		Tengah Depot N / A
Cross Island Line CRL Aviation Park Bright Hill 50 km 12 2029 (Stage 1) Changi East Depot N / A

Light Rail Transit (LRT)

line colour route length Train stations Installation depot operator
Bukit Panjang LRT BPLRT Choa Chu Kang 7.6 km 13 November 6, 1999 Ten Mile Junction Depot SMRT
Sengkang LRT SKLRT Sengkang 10.7 km 13 January 18, 2003 Sengkang Depot SBS transit
Punggol LRT PGLRT Punggol 10.3 km 13 January 29, 2005

Tariffs and ticketing

With the EZ-link card and NETS FlashPay, these are also CEPAS-compliant cards that serve as a ticket, Singapore's train and bus system can be used cashless. The EZ-Link was introduced on April 13, 2002 as a replacement for the old TransitLink card, while the competitor was launched on October 7, 2009 after the transition between January 9, 2009 and October 7, 2009. A card can be purchased at any TransitLink Ticket Office or Passenger Service Center for immediate use. The card can be topped up with cash at ticket machines and ATMs or at several stations or in convenience stores. Additional credit of a predetermined value can also be automatically credited to the card if the card value is low via an automatic top-up service provided by Interbank GIRO or a credit card. A monthly adult travel card for unlimited travel on MRT, LRT and buses can also be purchased and is non-transferable.

Fares are calculated in increments based on approximate distances between stations, as opposed to using tariff zones in other tube systems like London Underground . However, the tariffs for public transport were standardized on December 30, 2016, six years after the introduction of the long-distance tariffs.

After the opening of the third leg of the Downtown Line , Minister of Transport Khaw Boon Wan announced that the tariff rules for public transport were being reviewed to allow transfers via MRT lines at various stations due to the increasing density of the rail network. At that time, commuters were charged a second time for making such transfers. He added that the Public Transport Council will review the rules for distance-based tariff transfers to ensure they continue to provide "fast, seamless" public transport journeys. The review of the distance-based tariff rules for MRT lines has been completed, and on March 22, 2018, a waiver of the second boarding fee incurred on such transfers was announced. The system was implemented on December 29, 2018.

MRT single tickets are now tickets that can be used up to six times. You have to pay a deposit of 10 cents, which will be deducted from the fare on the third trip. On the sixth trip, the fare is reduced by 10 cents again. Since the end of 2018, contactless credit cards or NFC-enabled smartphones can also be used as tickets, which is also called SimplyGo , starting with users of MasterCard , VISA and American Express . Support for EZ-Link cards is expected to be available in the near future. Instead of a ticket, these are held at the turnstiles in the MRT stations or validators in the buses.

vehicles

Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151 train

There are four series in the MRT vehicle fleet. The majority is made up of the 396 Kawasaki Heavy Industries type C151 cars that were built between 1986 and 1989. A car of this type is 23 meters long, 3.2 m wide, 3.7 m high and weighs about 35 tons. A train consists of six of these cars and is 138 m long. The track width is 1435 millimeters ( standard gauge ). The trains draw 750 volts direct current from the conductor rail and reach a maximum of 80 km / h. They fall into two railcar units (Electric Multiple Units, EMU) share each include a control cars and two motor cars. A train of this series has 296 seats. Each of the six cars has four doors on each side with a clear width of 1400 millimeters. The cars are connected with crossings so that you can walk through the whole train. The series was renovated by 2008. The oldest C151 trains will be decommissioned in April 2020 and replaced by Bombardier Movia CR151 trains.

Kawasaki Heavy Industries & CRRC Qingdao Sifang C151B series train

The MRT also has Siemens C651 series wagons. 114 wagons of this type were bought by Siemens Verkehrstechnik in 1994 . There are 126 wagons from the Kawasaki Heavy Industries & Nippon Sharyo C751B series . These were purchased from 1998 to 2001. In addition, between 2011 and 2018 trains of the C151A, C151B and C151C, which are built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries and CRRC Qingdao Sifang, were also delivered. These six series operate on the North South Line and East West Line, a total of 198 trains.

120 Alstom Metropolis C830 wagons have been purchased for the Circle Line since May 28, 2009 , and 72 C830C wagons have been in operation since June 26, 2015, the interior design of which has been slightly modified. The trains are supplied with 750 volts direct current by a power rail mounted on the side of the track .

In 2003, the Alstom Metropolis C751A series based on the Alstom Metropolis product series was purchased for the North East Line . The MRT vehicle fleet comprises 150 driverless vehicles of this type. In addition, as of October 1, 2015, 108 C751Cs were purchased and shipped with specifications similar to the C830C. Instead, the North East Line installed an overhead power supply of 1500 volts direct current.

All trains are contractually bound through the open tender. The contract numbers are usually similar to the class numbers used in British Rail. However, everyone uses the contract numbers as class numbers.

In addition to the electrical multiple units, MRT trains also have the technical rolling stock used for maintenance purposes. These include Plasser and Theurer tamping machines, multifunctional vehicles for rail inspection, Speno rail grinders, cranes, tunnel cleaning cars, viaduct inspection cars, CKG diesel locomotives for shunting purposes, Deli diesel locomotives and Schöma electric locomotives for transporting such vehicles.

Signaling

Thales SelTrac CBTC

A key component of the MRT signaling system is the automatic train control as well as the automatic train operation and the automatic train protection. The ATC has trackside and train-based components that work together to ensure safe train separation using train detection, location and protection at the end of the agency. It also provides safe operation and movement of the train through train speed determination, monitoring, overspeed protection and emergency braking. Safety when disembarking and disembarking passengers is also ensured through the use of a station locking system. The ATO drives the train in automatic mode and places the demands on the traction and braking control on the vehicle vehicle system, adjusts its speed as it approaches the station and controls the opening and closing of train and platform screen doors as soon as the train has stopped Bus stop. The ATP ensures safe train separation by using the status of the ATP track circuit and determining the location, monitoring the speed of the train to maintain a safe braking distance and initiating emergency braking in the event of overspeed. The MRT also uses an automated train monitoring system to monitor the overall operation of the train service according to a prescribed timetable or train interval.

The oldest lines such as the North South Line and the East West Line are the only lines with fixed block signaling. The north-south line was expanded in 2017 and the east-west line in 2018, which uses the Thales SelTrac signaling system. As of May 27, 2018, all MRT lines will use the CBTC moving block system in normal daily operations, and as of January 2, 2019, the old signaling system ceased operations. Compared to the original fixed block system, the CBTC can reduce train intervals from 120 seconds to 100 seconds, allowing a capacity increase of 20%, and support bidirectional train operation on a single route so that trains can be diverted to another lane in the event of a fault on one lane . The CBTC system also allows for improved wet-weather braking performance compared to the original fixed-block ATC.

All new MRT lines that have been built since 2003 were equipped with CBTC and can be automated and driverless without staff on board. Operation is remotely monitored via the operations center. The trains are equipped with intercoms so that passengers can communicate with staff in emergencies.

Depots

Ulu Pandan Depot

SMRT Corporation has five train depots: Bishan Depot is the central maintenance depot for the north-south line with train overhaul systems, while Changi Depot and Ulu Pandan Depot inspect and house trains overnight. The newer Tuas Depot , which opened in 2017, offers the east-west line its own maintenance facility, while Mandai Depot operates trains for the Thomson-East Coast Line. The underground Kim Chuan Depot houses trains for the Circle and Downtown Lines, which are now jointly managed by the two MRT operators.

SBS Transit has three depots: The Sengkang Depot houses trains for the North-East Line, the Sengkang LRT and the Punggol LRT. Kim Chuan Depot is currently jointly operated with SMRT for the Downtown Line. Main operations moved to Gali Batu Main Depot in 2015, although Kim Chuan Depot continues to operate at low capacity.

In August 2014, plans for the new integrated depot on the east coast were announced. It will be built in Tanah Merah next to the original Changi Depot and will house the East West, Downtown and Thomson-East Coast lines.

The Jurong Region Line's Tengah Depot is located on the western edge of Tengah, and an additional facility on Peng Kang Hill will house the operations of the JRL. Tengah Depot will also have the operations center and bus depot to optimize land use.

The Changi East Depot will also house the future Cross Island Line and will be located at Changi East and near Changi Airport Terminal 5 .

An Integrated Train Testing Center with several test tracks for different situations and workshops for maintenance and refurbishment is to be built in Tuas by 2022 . The main function is to robustly test trains and integrated systems before they are used on operational lines.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Public transport fares may be standardized ( en ) October 10, 2016. Accessed April 6, 2019.
  2. ↑ Public transport fares to fall by 4.2% from Dec 30 due to lower energy prices ( en ) Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  3. ↑ PTC to review fares incurred When switching between MRT stations, says Khaw. . In: Channel NewsAsia , October 22, 2017. 
  4. ↑ Valerie Koh: Review underway to address additional fares when switching between MRT lines: Khaw . In: TODAY Online , October 20, 2017. 
  5. ↑ Commuters can exit and re-enter rail system without penalty ( en ) March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  6. ↑ Joint News Release by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) & Mastercard - LTA Pilots Account-Based Ticketing System for Public Transport with Mastercard | Press Room | Land Transport Authority ( s )
  7. ↑ New SimplyGo system to let bank cards double up as public transport travel cards ( en ) March 7, 2019. Accessed April 6, 2019.
  8. ↑ SimplyGo with new transport payment option ( en ) April 4, 2019. Accessed April 6, 2019.
  9. ^ Joint Team on Track to Meet COI Recommendations to Improve Rail Reliability . Land Transport Authority. May 14, 2013. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved on December 27, 2019.
  10. ^ Engineering trains in SMRT . SMRT. August 30, 2015. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  11. ^ Live testing of East-West line signaling system likely to take place every day in June . Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  12. ↑ Communications-based train control (CBTC) .
  13. ↑ : Depot Sites . , Pp. 71-77.
  14. ↑ Tuas Depot would take pressure off existing depot, boost power capacity: Khaw . November 13, 2017. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
  15. ↑ Factsheet: Thomson-East Coast Line - Mandai Depot . September 19, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  16. ↑ New MRT line in east by 2020; will have 10 stops . In: The Straits Times , August 14, 2012. 
  17. ^ Joint News Release by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) & SLA - Jurong Region line: Enhancing Connectivity in the West . Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  18. ^ Cross Island line . Retrieved December 27, 2019.
  19. ^ Integrated Train Testing Center . Retrieved April 24, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files