Singapore airport
| Singapore Changi Airport 新加坡 樟宜 机场 Lapangan Terbang Changi Singapura சிங்கப்பூர் சர்வதேச விமான நிலையம் |
|
|---|---|
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|
| Characteristics | |
| ICAO code | WSSS |
| IATA code | SIN |
| Coordinates | |
| Height above MSL | 7 m (23 ft ) |
| Transport links | |
| Distance from the city center | 12 km east of Singapore |
| Street | ECP / PIE / TPE |
| Local transport | MRT East West Line , bus |
| Basic data | |
| opening | July 1, 1981 |
| operator | Changi Airport Group |
| surface | 1300 ha |
| Terminals | 4th |
| Passengers | 68,300,000 (2019) |
| Air freight | 2,014,000 t (2019) |
| Flight movements |
382,000 (2019) |
| Capacity ( PAX per year) |
82 million |
| Employees | 32,000 (2013) |
| Runways | |
| 02C / 20C | 4000 m × 60 m concrete |
| 02R / 20L (only for military ) | 2748 m × 59 m asphalt |
| 02L / 20R | 3260 m × 60 m concrete |
The Singapore airport ( Ch.新加坡樟宜机场Pinyin Xinjiapo ZhangYi Jīchǎng English Singapore Changi Airport ) is the international airport of the Asian city-state Singapore . It is one of the largest airports in Asia and ranked 18th among the largest airports in the world with 62.2 million passengers in 2017 .
Singapore is an important hub between Europe and Southeast Asia or Oceania . The route to Australia is known as the kangaroo route . The airport operator is the Changi Airport Group.
Location and transport links
The airport is 20 kilometers east of the city center. It occupies a large part of the area of the Changi district, which is located at the eastern end of the main island.
The airport is well connected to the Singapore city center. There are two highways ( Pan Island Expressway (PIE) , East Coast Parkway (ECP) ) that run from downtown Singapore to the airport. Since 2002, you can take the East-West line of the MRT ride to the city center. Passengers must change trains at Tanah Merah for rail services to the Pasir Ris, City and Tuas Link. The airport is connected by several bus routes (24, 27 and 34) that run through Terminal 3, Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. The main exception is that some connections go to Terminal 4 as well.
The route between Thomson-East Coast Line , announced on May 25, 2019, will also be extended from Sungei Bedok to Terminal 5 of Changi Airport and then to the main terminals of Changi Airport, Expo and Tanah Merah. It offers a direct connection from the city to the airport. Completion is expected by 2040.
In addition, coaches run across the Malaysian border to Johor Bahru .
The area is completely surrounded by the multi-lane New Changi Coast Road, which has connections to expressways at its ends.
history
In the mid-1970s, the Singapore government decided to build a new airport because the old airport in Paya Lebar , which was bursting at the seams, could not be expanded. The decision was made for a location near the fishing village of Changi, where the Japanese had already built an airfield during the occupation. In order to gain additional space, 200 hectares of marshland were drained from 1975 and huge amounts of land were deposited in the South China Sea. Construction of the airport began two years later, and the foundation stone for Terminal 1 was laid another two years later.
In 1981 Terminal 1 and the other airport facilities were opened to the public. As a result, the number of passengers rose rapidly, so that construction work began on Terminal 2 five years after it opened; in the same year, more than 10 million passengers were handled for the first time. In 1991 Terminal 2 was opened, which doubled passenger capacity to around 44 million passengers. In addition, the Changi Airport Skytrain was completed, which has since connected the airport's terminals. In 1997, the Singapore government signed an Open Skies Agreement with the United States of America , and over the course of the year the number of passengers has increased to over 20 million.
Construction of Terminal 3 began in October 2000. In 2002, the airport's train station opened, connecting it to the East West Line of the MRT . Terminal 2 was extensively modernized by 2006, and the Budget Terminal was opened on March 26 of the same year. After eight years of construction, Terminal 3 opened on January 9, 2008. In 2009 the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore transferred the operation of the airport to the newly established Changi Airport Group. In the following year, it was used by more than 40 million passengers for the first time within one year. In 2012, the demolition of the Budget Terminal began, and Terminal 1 was modernized by June of that year; the installation Kinetic Rain was added. In 2013 plans were presented for an extensive expansion, including the construction of the Jewel, a fifth terminal and a third runway. Construction work on Terminal 4 began in November 2013, and construction of the Jewel began the following year. In April 2017, the airport passed the 1 billion passenger mark since it opened. Terminal 4 was officially opened on October 31, 2017.
In 2017, more than 60 million passengers used Changi Airport for the first time.
The airport area
The airport area extends over 1,300 hectares, of which 870 hectares were heaped out into the open sea. The airport infrastructure is based on the two parallel runways that were built first , which extend in a south-west-north-east direction. The remaining facilities, such as hangars, passenger terminals, freight terminals, etc. are located between the railways. The runways are offset by 1750 meters and are 1650 meters apart. The future third runway will be built 1,800 meters south-east of today's southeast runway.
Terminals
The airport consists of four terminals .
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 was officially opened on December 29, 1981. In its first construction phase, it was shaped like an H, with the onshore infrastructure facilities on the southern inner edge of the complex. In December 1998 the ends of the piers at Terminal 1 were extended by approx. 200 meters each. Five of the 32 gates are currently being modified for the new Airbus A380, Emirates uses an A380 once a day on the route to Dubai. On the roof of the terminal there is a swimming pool in the transit area, which belongs to the "Ambassador Transit Hotel".
Facts and figures:
- Opening on December 29, 1981
- 32 gates with passenger boarding bridges
- Check-in counter hall: 200 meters × 75 meters
- Passenger capacity: 21 million passengers per year
Terminal 2
Terminal 2 was completed in December 1990 and opened to traffic. Terminal 2 is mainly used by Singapore Airlines and their partners. It is located south of Terminal 1, facing the south runway. The terminal is in the shape of a K, with the landside facilities to the left of the K. In 1996, extensions were also put into operation at the ends. German Lufthansa has been using an A380 on the Frankfurt am Main - Singapore route since 2011.
Changi Airport Terminal 2 will be renovated from May 1, 2020 and will be renovated within 18 months. Singapore Airlines and SilkAir , which were originally in Terminal 2 from 1990 to 2008 and split between Terminal 2 and 3 for 12 years, will be merged again in Terminal 3 in 2020. McDonald's in Terminal 2 at Changi Airport was closed prior to the Covid-19 outbreak, and the iconic information boards are being taken out and added to the National Collection . The analog maps are installed by Solari in 1999 and have been converted into digital maps since 2008.
Facts and figures:
- Opening on December 29, 1991
- Passenger capacity: 23 million passengers per year
- 36 gates with passenger boarding bridges
Terminal 3
Terminal 3 is located opposite Terminal 2, in front of the Nordwest-Bahn. The building is designed for aircraft the size of an Airbus A380 and was commissioned on January 9, 2008. With this, the airport wants to establish itself as an international hub for the rapidly growing air traffic in the Asia-Pacific region and create enough room for future passenger growth. A special feature of the new terminal is its own garden, which can be found on the fifth of seven levels. No less impressive is the Brewerkz microbrewery or the butterfly garden with a view of the runway. Singapore Airlines itself flies from Terminal 3 to Europe, Australia and the USA.
Facts and figures:
- Passenger capacity: 20 million passengers per year
- 28 gates - 8 of them designed for the Airbus A380
- 380,000 m²
- Cost: US $ 1.25 billion (€ 830 million)
- 7 levels
Terminal 4
Terminal 4 is located southeast of Terminals 1–3, in front of the central runway 02C / 20C. The budget terminal was previously located here. Terminal 4 was completed in December 2016. The opening took place on October 31, 2017.
Facts and figures:
- Passenger capacity: 16 million passengers per year
- 225,000 m²
- 2 levels
- 65 automatic check-in counters
Budget Terminal
The now closed terminal hall for so-called low - cost airlines was completed in December 2005 and opened in March 2006. After Kuala Lumpur ( LCCT ), it was the second purely budget terminal in Asia. The building was designed for around 7 million passengers per year.
The following infrastructures were available:
- 10 aircraft parking spaces
- 7 exits at ground level
- 3 baggage claim belts
- 18 check-in counters
- a parking lot for 300 vehicles
It was initially mainly used by the Singaporean Tiger Airways . From August 2006 this terminal was also served by Cebu Pacific , and later Berjaya Air , Firefly and Tigerair Philippines ( SEair ) also used the budget terminal. Air Asia withdrew from the Budget Terminal a long time ago and only uses Terminal 1.
While Terminals 1, 2 and 3 are directly connected to each other and combined to form a transit area, a transfer from and to the Budget Terminal was only possible after baggage collection and customs clearance. In the basement of Terminal 2 there was a regular, free shuttle bus available for transfers.
In March 2012 the decision was made to close the Budget Terminal on September 25th. The following demolition made space for the new Terminal 4 to be built.
The airlines using the Budget Terminal all switched to Terminal 2, which also makes things easier for their passengers.
Other bodies
Jewel
The Jewel Changi Airport opened on April 17, 2019. The Israeli-Canadian architect Moshe Safdie designed the combination of a futuristic building and exotic green spaces, which in future will not only attract air passengers, but also residents and tourists. The heart of the 14,000 m² leisure attraction is the so-called Canopy Park. A large glass dome is to surround the park and at the same time become the airport's distinguishing mark. The dome will connect Terminals 1-3.
Freight terminals
To the northeast of Terminal 1 are the cargo terminals of the home carrier Singapore Airlines and other airlines. The hangars of Singapore Airlines are also located there.
Changi Airbase
In the northwest of the airport area are facilities of the Singapore military .
expansion
With three parallel runways (one of them under construction), the airport had around 58.7 million passengers with a capacity of 64 million passengers in 2016. On August 16, 2005, the first of eleven bridges for the new Airbus A380 was opened. Singapore Airlines has so far ordered 24 of these wide-body jets, of which 19 had been delivered by August 2015. Between the central and eastern runways, Terminal 5, the largest terminal to date, is to be built and the airport's capacity is to be increased to 135 million passengers per year.
Airlines and Destinations
Singapore Airport is the headquarters of Singapore Airlines and its subsidiaries Silk Air and Scoot . The airport is also the home airport of Jetstar Asia Airways . In addition, the former airlines Jett8 Airlines , Singapore Airlines Cargo , Tigerair and Valuair were also based at Singapore Airport.
In total, more than 100 airlines fly from Changi to around 380 cities in over 100 countries. Various airlines fly to Singapore from the European regions. These include Aeroflot (Moscow), Air France (Paris), British Airways (London Heathrow), KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Amsterdam), Lufthansa (Frankfurt and Munich), LOT Polish Airlines (Warsaw-Chopin), Qantas (London Heathrow), Scoot (Athens and Berlin-Tegel), Singapore Airlines (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, London-Heathrow, Manchester, Milan-Malpensa, Moscow-Domodedowo, Munich, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Rome, Stockholm- Arlanda and Zurich), Swiss International Airlines (Zurich) and Turkish Airlines (Istanbul). Singapore is also served by Pacific flights from Hong Kong ( Cathay Pacific , Scoot and Singapore Airlines), Taipei-Taoyuan ( China Airlines , EVA Air , Jetstar Asia , Scoot and Singapore Airlines), Tokyo-Haneda and Tokyo-Narita ( All Nippon Airways , Japan Airlines , Scoot and Singapore Airlines). Singapore is also served by the longest flight operated by Singapore Airlines from Singapore to Newark , Los Angeles , Seattle and San Francisco .
Biggest airlines
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Busiest routes
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Traffic figures
| year | Passenger volume | Air freight ( tons ) | Flight movements | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 68,300,000 |
+ 4.07%
|
2,014,000 |
-6.33%
|
382,000 |
-1.06%
|
| 2018 | 65,630,000 |
+ 5.48%
|
2,150,000 |
+1.17%
|
386.040 |
+ 3.44%
|
| 2017 | 62.219.573 |
+ 6.00%
|
2,125,226 |
+ 7.91%
|
373.201 |
+ 3.53%
|
| 2016 | 58,698,039 |
+ 5.86%
|
1,969,434 |
+ 6.28%
|
360.490 |
+ 4.09%
|
| 2015 | 55,448,964 |
+ 2.51%
|
1,853,087 |
+0.50%
|
346.334 |
+1.45%
|
| 2014 | 54.093.070 |
+0.68%
|
1,843,799 |
-0.35%
|
341.386 |
-0.69%
|
| 2013 | 53,726,087 |
+ 4.97%
|
1,850,233 |
+ 2.44%
|
343.765 |
+ 5.86%
|
| 2012 | 51.181.804 |
+ 9.96%
|
1,806,225 |
-3.16%
|
324,722 |
+7.63%
|
| 2011 | 46,543,845 |
+ 10.72%
|
1,865,252 |
+ 2.84%
|
301.711 |
+ 14.46%
|
| 2010 | 42,038,777 |
+ 13.00%
|
1,813,809 |
+ 11.02%
|
263,593 |
+ 9.67%
|
| 2009 | 37.203.978 |
-1.30%
|
1,633,791 |
-12.02%
|
240.360 |
+ 13.83%
|
| 2008 | 37,694,824 |
+ 2.71%
|
1,856,940 |
-2.01%
|
211.155 |
-4.45%
|
| 2007 | 36,702,000 |
+ 4.76%
|
1,895,000 |
-0.84%
|
221,000 |
+ 3.27%
|
| 2006 | 35,033,000 |
+ 8.02%
|
1,911,000 |
+ 4.21%
|
214,000 |
+ 4.83%
|
| 2005 | 32,430,856 |
+ 6.84%
|
1,833,721 |
+ 3.30%
|
204.138 |
+ 10.39%
|
| 2004 | 30,353,565 |
+ 23.07%
|
1,775,092 |
+ 10.16%
|
184,932 |
+ 19.82%
|
| 2003 | 24,664,137 |
-14.89%
|
1,611,407 |
-1.61%
|
154,346 |
-11.71%
|
| 2002 | 28,979,344 |
+ 3.15%
|
1,637,797 |
+ 8.67%
|
174,820 |
-2.53%
|
| 2001 | 28.093.759 |
-1.83%
|
1,507,062 |
-10.43%
|
179,359 |
+ 3.11%
|
| 2000 | 28,618,200 |
+ 9.80%
|
1,682,489 |
+ 12.14%
|
173.947 |
+ 4.81%
|
| 1999 | 26,064,645 |
+ 9.50%
|
1,500,393 |
+ 16.88%
|
165.961 |
+ 0.44%
|
| 1998 | 23,803,180 | 1,283,660 | 165.242 | |||
| Source: Changi Airport Group | ||||||
Incidents
- On March 26, 1991, a Singapore Airlines Airbus A310-300 (aircraft registration number 9V-STP ) , en route on Singapore Airlines Flight 117 from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore, was kidnapped by four Pakistani terrorists armed with knives and explosives . After landing in Singapore, the kidnappers demanded contact with the Pakistani ambassador during negotiations in order to obtain the release of prisoners from Pakistani custody, including Asif Ali Zardari . In addition, they asked for the aircraft to be refueled for a flight to Sydney . Two crew members were injured in the course of the negotiations. When the kidnappers threatened to kill hostages at regular intervals, the plane was stormed by a special unit of the Singapore armed forces and the four kidnappers shot dead. The remaining crew members and passengers were uninjured.
- On June 27, 2016, a Singapore Airlines Boeing 777-300ER (aircraft registration number 9V-SWB ), en route from Singapore Airlines flight 368 Singapore to Milan, had an oil leak in the right engine after two hours. The crew returned to Singapore. On landing the right engine and parts of the right wing caught fire. The 222 passengers and 19 crew members were uninjured. Significant damage was caused to the Boeing 777.
See also
Web links
- Changi Airport - official website of the airport (Chinese, English)
- Changi Airport Group - official website of the airport operator (English)
- Airport data on World Aero Data ( 2006 )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Air Traffic Statistics. ChangiAirport.com, accessed February 1, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c Changi Airport Terminal 4 starts operations. ChangiAirport.com, October 31, 2017, accessed November 30, 2017 .
- ^ Changi Airport Group. StrategicDataGovernance.com, accessed September 6, 2017 .
- ^ Transport - Public Transport. ChangiAirport.com, accessed September 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Transport - Shuttle Services. ChangiAirport.com, accessed September 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Land Transport Master Plan 2040
- ^ Transport - Coach to Johor Bahru. ChangiAirport.com, accessed September 9, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Changi East. (No longer available online.) ChangiAirport.com, archived from the original on September 9, 2017 ; accessed on September 9, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Our Story. ChangiAirport.com, accessed January 25, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c Singapore: 'World's best airport' opens sparkling Instagram-worthy new terminal. USAToday.com , November 3, 2017, accessed November 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Flying higher, Changi Airport crosses 60-million milestone in 2017. ChangiAirport.com, December 18, 2017, accessed on January 25, 2018 .
- ↑ About Us. ChangiAirport.com, accessed September 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Changi Airport Terminal 2 will be closed for 18 months
- ↑ Iconic analogue boards to be removed
- ↑ Changi's Terminal 4 is almost taking shape. ChangiAirport.com, accessed September 6, 2017 .
- ↑ Terminal 4 Operational Readiness and Airport Transfer. (No longer available online.) ChangiAirport.com, archived from the original on September 6, 2017 ; accessed on September 6, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Singapore stretches to 82 million passengers. aero.de, September 6, 2017, accessed on September 6, 2017 .
- ^ The Numbers of T4. ChangiAirport.com, accessed September 7, 2017 .
- ↑ Changi Airport reveals first impressions of Canopy Park. FlugRevue.de , June 14, 2017, accessed on September 6, 2017 .
- ↑ Fleet , Ch-aviation (English), accessed on August 9, 2015.
- ↑ a b Annex A - Changi Airline Awards 2019 Recipients. ChangiAirport.com, accessed February 1, 2020 .
- ↑ Annex C - Top 10 routes from Singapore for 2019. ChangiAirport.com, accessed on February 1, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Annex B - Top 10 Passenger Markets from Singapore for 2019. ChangiAirport.com, accessed on February 1, 2020 (English).
- ↑ a b Air Traffic Statistics (Annual). ChangiAirport.com, accessed February 4, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Air Traffic Statistics. ChangiAirport.com, accessed February 4, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Some facts on Changi Airport. ChangiAirport.com, accessed February 4, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Air Traffic Statistics. ChangiAirportGroup.com, accessed February 4, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Newsroom - Documents. ChangiAirport.com, accessed January 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Hijacking of Singapore Airlines flight SQ 117. eResources.NLB.gov.sg, accessed on September 9, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Flight accident data and report of Singapore Airlines Flight 117 in the Aviation Safety Network (English)
- ↑ Singapore Airlines: Airplane goes up in flames after emergency landing. Spiegel.de , June 27, 2016, accessed on September 9, 2017 .
- Jump up ↑ Boeing 777 engine catches fire on landing. aeroTELEGRAPH.com, June 27, 2016, accessed September 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Aircraft accident data and report for Singapore Airlines Flight 368 in the Aviation Safety Network (English)
