Asia Pacific
Asia-Pacific includes the regions in Asia , Australia and Oceania that are in or near the Western Pacific .
geography
The Asia-Pacific region includes much of East Asia , Southeast Asia , Australia, and Oceania . Sometimes South Asia is included, although India and its neighbors are not on the Pacific, but on the Indian Ocean . The term can also include the Far East of Russia (North Pacific), as well as the countries in North and South America that lie on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean.
This division of the world into three economic areas is based on the economic triad , additional regions are then added to these industrialized centers, whereby the allocation of the countries is not uniform: One region Europe, Middle East and Africa ( EMEA ) with EU Europe as the center, Asia -Pacific (short APAC, also JAPA, APJ) with Japan and China as pioneers, and the two / three Americas (short AMER, also NCSA).
The distinction between the co-existing terms Asia , East Asia / Far East and Asia-Pacific is different in economics , although an explicit thematization is rare, and a rather arbitrary grouping: The official list of macro-regions of the United Nations only lists Africa, America , Asia, Europe and Oceania.
- Here there is also the notion EMEIA: E urope, M iddle E ast, I ndia & A frica - emphasizes the fact that India with the Commonwealth and the rivalry between India and China, the term Asia-Pacific is then no South Asia
politic and economy
Though exact geographic delimitation is controversial, the term “Asia-Pacific” became popular in the late 1980s when the flow of capital, trade, and other forms of economic and political interaction blossomed within the heterogeneous region.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ), founded in 1967, is very important here. The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) has enabled regional economic dialogue since 1989. In 1994 the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was set up to discuss security issues. Since 1997, the three largest economies in the region - People's Republic of China , Japan and South Korea - have also been more strongly represented in the region's multilateral structures through ASEAN Plus Three . Another body was formed in 2005 with the convening of the first East Asia Summit ( EAS) with the participation of ASEAN Plus Three as well as Australia , New Zealand and India .
Furthermore, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) has existed since 1985 . Its goal is cooperation in economic and technical matters, especially coordination in the areas of customs duties and cross-border trade. In 1971 the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) was created, a consultative forum for the island states of the Pacific (Oceania) with the aim of promoting cooperation in the political, economic and cultural fields. In 2001 the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was established. It represents around a quarter of the world's population, making it the largest regional organization.
The Asia-Europe Meeting ( ASEM ) has been taking place since 1996 , an interregional discussion forum that is used for multilateral exchange between Europe and Asia in the areas of business, politics, education, culture, and environmental and climate protection. In addition, there are several subregional associations such as the association of the Mekong riparian in the Mekong River Commission (MRC). The working group of government representatives from Cambodia , Laos , Thailand and Vietnam , founded in 1995, aims to promote the sustainable development of the Mekong and its catchment area.
structure
The Asia-Pacific region generally includes:
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literature
- Hanns W. Maull, Gerald Segal, Jusuf Wanandi: Europe and Asia-Pacific. R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-486-56435-8 .
- Frank Umbach : Conflict or Cooperation in Asia-Pacific? R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-486-56648-2 .
- Dirk Nabers: Multilateral Institutions in East Asia-Pacific: Genesis - Structures - Substance - Perspective. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 3-531-17060-0 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings. In: United Nations Statistics Division - Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49). United Nations, October 17, 2008, accessed November 10, 2008 : "Geographical region and composition of each region"