Maximilian style
The architectural style in Bavaria at the time of King Maximilian II , who ruled from 1848 to 1864, is called the Maximilian style .
Architectural style
The Maximilian style was influenced by the historicizing style of neo-Gothic . In particular, the English Perpendicular Style also served as a model. Not only in Munich, but also in other Bavarian cities, buildings are executed in this style. Even as Crown Prince Maximilian had castles renovated or rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style, such as Hohenschwangau Castle and Hambach Castle . Maximilian turned against the Italian and Greek-influenced classicist architectural style of his father, who in turn rejected the Maximilian style and continued to commission classicist buildings even after his abdication. Under the government of Ludwig I only a few neo-Gothic buildings were built, such as the Mariahilfkirche in the Auer Vorstadt.
Features of this style are:
- the skeleton construction using cast iron ,
- the prevailing verticality,
- the ogival arcature as a leitmotif,
- the cladding of the facades with terracotta ,
- the bright, cheerful, almost graphic overall character,
- the different floor plan of the front and the interior.
Main representative of this style was Friedrich Bürklein , who in 1851 with the Maximilianstrasse and on the Isar height picturesquely placed Maximilianeum created important buildings. Due to static problems caused by the location of the building on the banks of the Isar, the facade of the Maximilianeum, which was originally planned in the neo-Gothic style of Maximilianstrasse, was designed with round arches under the influence of Gottfried Semper in the Renaissance style. The new armory in Munich , which otherwise has the characteristics of the Maximilian style, was also built from 1861 in the arched style .
Buildings in the Maximilian style (selection)
- 1843–1848: Wittelsbacher Palais in Munich, built as the Kronprinzenpalais
- 1849–1851: Remodeling of Berg Castle
- 1852–1874: Parish Church of St. Johann Baptist in Munich-Haidhausen
- 1853–1856: Frauengebäranstalt in Munich
- 1853: Royal Villa (Berchtesgaden)
- 1853: Royal Villa, Rose Island
- 1854–1856: Royal Villa (Regensburg)
- 1856–1864: Building of the government of Upper Bavaria and other buildings on Maximilianstrasse in Munich, such as the Hotel Vier Jahreszeiten and the first building of the National Museum.
- 1857: Blum residence in Munich
- 1860–1865: Maximilian II barracks in Munich
- 1863–1865: Official relics institute in Munich
- 1866–1886: Holy Cross Church in Munich- Giesing
- 1867–1874: First phase of construction of the New Town Hall in Munich, which was then extended in the Flemish Gothic style.
Individual evidence
literature
- August Hahn: The Maximilian Style in Munich, Program and Realization . Munich 1982. (not evaluated)
- Winfried Nerdinger (ed.): Between Glaspalast and Maximilianeum. Architecture in Bavaria at the time of Maximilian II. 1848-1864. Munich 1997. (not evaluated)
