Mileshofen (Nassenfels)
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Mileshofen
Nassenfels market
Coordinates: 48 ° 48 ′ 12 ″ N , 11 ° 11 ′ 15 ″ E
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| Height : | 395 m |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1971 |
| Postal code : | 85128 |
| Area code : | 08424 |
Mileshofen is a parish village and part of the market Nassenfels in the district of Eichstätt and is located on the Schutter on the edge of the Altmühltal nature park . The parish also includes the parish village of Zell an der Speck and the wasteland of Sächenfartmühle .
history
Excavations in the 1960s and 1970s at Speckberg near Meilenhofen brought the most extensive finds in Bavaria from the Middle Paleolithic (began 300,000–200,000 years ago, ended 40,000 years ago); the total of around 400,000 artifacts are kept in the State Archaeological Collection .
The origin of the place can be assumed in the late Merovingian period (approx. 670… 680 AD). The place name Meilenhofen is derived from the personal name "Milo", so that the name can be derived from "Zu den Höfe des Milo". The name Meilenhofen appears in writing for the first time in 1194 in a document in which a small courtyard (curtile) in Meilenhofen was handed over to the Scots monks at the Heiligkreuzkirche in Eichstätt by the Provost Walbrunn . Another local nobleman is proven for 1274: Ulrich von Meilenhofen. Five years later, Reinboto von Meilenhofen climbs from this family as the 35th successor of St. Willibald the Eichstätter Bishop's Chair (until 1297).
In 1305 "Meylenhofen" fell to the Bishop of Eichstätt after the Gaimersheim arbitration, which ended the dispute between the Eichstätt bishop and the Bavarian dukes over the Hirschberg inheritance. Around 1400 Pope Boniface IX incorporated the parish "alias Meilenhofen" of the mensa episcopalis, the "Bischöflichen Tafelgut", d. H. the parish of Meilenhofen had to pay for the episcopal table in Eichstätt. In 1308/1311 the local mill was awarded to Adelheid von Wellheim by the Knights Templar in Moritzbrunn . In 1552, Elector Moritz von Sachsen destroyed the church. In 1601 an Erhardi fountain with pilgrimage is mentioned.
From an administrative point of view, Meilenhofen did not belong to the Nassenfels Care and Caste Office, as can be assumed due to its proximity, but the high court , village and community rule exercised the office of the Landvogtei, which had its seat on the Willibaldsburg in Eichstätt. The sovereign was the prince-bishop of Eichstätt until the secularization and thus until the dissolution of the Hochstift Eichstätt in 1802. In 1802, troops from the curbs occupied the bishopric. The lower bishopric, to which Meilenhofen belonged, fell in 1803 to Grand Duke Ferdinand of Toscana , the brother of the emperor. After a short interlude in the Electorate of Salzburg , the place came to the young Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 . Under the reign of Duke von Leuchtenberg and Prince of Eichstätt Eugène de Beauharnais , Napoleon's stepson and son-in-law of the Bavarian king, Meilenhofen was merged with the village of Zell an der Speck, which is only a kilometer away, to form a real community in 1818. In 1821 the parish village consisted of 21 houses in which 22 families with a total of 108 people lived.
In 1833 the Principality of Eichstätt and with it the municipality of Meilenhofen fell back to Bavaria. After the voluntary merger with Nassenfels , which took effect on April 1, 1971, the village became Upper Bavarian in the course of the district reform in 1972 .
The number of people in Meilenhofen remained more or less constant until the 20th century: around 20 families lived in around 20 houses, which corresponds to around 130 inhabitants. After the Second World War, the population increased slightly. The population must have given cause for serious concern at one point or another, because the legend has it that the Meilenhofers made a vow to go on a pilgrimage to the Visitation of Mary in Möckenlohe every year because of “men dying” .
Parish Church of St. Michael, Leonhardiritt
Like the rectory (1629), the church was built under the government of Prince Bishop Johann Christoph von Westerstetten after the previous building was devastated in the Schmalkaldic War in 1552. The elector is said to have torn up the missal with his own hands. In 1629 the new church was consecrated by the Eichstatt Auxiliary Bishop Georg Resch. Structural changes to the windows were made in 1728 by the master mason Bernhard Deller from Eichstatt.
The niche of the baroque high altar (around 1700) contains a painting of the church patron St. Michael; the altarpiece in Nazarene style was added during the 1910 renovation. In the choir is a baroque figure of the patron saint weighing souls , with the arms and garments of a statue from 1410 being reused; the original figure was probably a St. Laurentius, as the arm position suggests.
In the shell niche of the right side altar (around 1670) is the late Gothic figure (around 1520) of the sub-patron of the Meilenhofen church, St. Leonhard, not shown here as a horse patron, but given his traditional attribute, a chain with a neck ring and lock, which reminds us that Leonhard was called in to help free prisoners. The good sculpture is attributed to the master of the Pollenfeld high altar figures. The figure is presented every year at the Leonhardiritt from Meilenhofen to Zell a. d. Bacon carried on a cart. The veneration of St. Leonhard as cattle patron has a tradition in the Schuttergäu that goes back to the 15th century. Its heyday was in the 18th century. Many farmers from the surrounding villages came to the services, and after the mass there was always a horse race. In 1770 the parish of Meilenhofen (originally the place belonged to the original parish of Zell a. D. Speck) received a relic of St. Leonhard, who was captured in Eichstätt. Since then she has also been taken with the Leonhardiritt. Although the ride was banned in the 19th century because of excesses, the Meilenhofener did not give it up; Only the advance of tractors and the associated decline in horses led to a break in tradition in 1955, until a new beginning was dared in 1976. Since then, the Leonhardiritt takes place every year around November 6th.
The left side altar (around 1670) shows a figure of Mary in the altar niche, which was created around 1700, and on the altar table a glass shrine with a valuable group of the 14 helpers with Mary and the baby Jesus (around 1520). Four side figures were revised or added to in baroque style.
The two figures from the early 16th century in the choir arch, on the left St. Nikolaus, on the right St. Blasius. Also noteworthy are the stuccoed pulpit with a trumpet angel on the sound cover (dated 1737), probably created by Franz Xaver Horneis , and opposite it the baroque crucifix (around 1700). The remainder of a Gothic sacrament niche is walled in as a window frame in the west facade above the portal.
The baroque barn belonging to the rectory was demolished in 1955, the old free-standing oven four years later. In 1990 the last pastor of Meilenhofen, Lorenz Schmid († December 6, 2000), moved away from Meilenhofen after five decades. The rectory, which came into private hands, was renovated until 1999.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 456 .
literature
- Felix Mader: The art monuments of Middle Franconia. II. Eichstätt District Office , Munich 1928 (reprint 1982), pp. 205f.
- The Eichstätter space in past and present , Eichstätt 1984, p. 242f.
- Das Jura-Haus 10 (2004/2005), pp. 33–38
Aumühle | Mileshofen | Nassenfels | Sächenfartmühle | Bacon mill | Wolkertshofen | Wolkertshofermühle | Zell an der Speck