Merchavia
| Merchavia | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| hebrew : | מֶרְחַבְיָה | ||
| State : |
 Israel
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| District : | North | ||
| Founded : | January 24, 1911 | ||
| Coordinates : | 32 ° 36 ' N , 35 ° 18' E | ||
| Height : | 76 m | ||
| Residents : | 1232 (as of: 2018) | ||
| Community code : | 0066 | ||
| Time zone : | UTC + 2 | ||
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Merchavia or Merchawia ( Hebrew מֶרְחַבְיָה Merchavjah , German “Weiten Gottes” ; also Merhavia , Merchawja and Marchawja ) lies in the eastern Jezreel plain in northern Israel . The name is based on the biblical Psalm 118 ( Ps 118,5 EU ). It started as one of the first agricultural settlement projects in Palestine, was the first Jewish village in the Jezreel plain and is now a kibbutz . In 2018 the kibbutz had 1,232 inhabitants.
In 1909 Yehoshua Hankin bought land around the former Arab town of Pola, among other things. Hankin received significant support for his land purchases there from Arthur Ruppin and the Zionist movement.
According to plans proposed at the 6th Zionist Congress in 1903 and tested (only partially successfully) in Merchawia in 1910, a settlement cooperative was founded on January 24, 1911 on the basis of the ideas of the sociologist and economist Franz Oppenheimer the First World War dissolved again. At the same time, a kwutza , a kind of socialist work collective, was formed.
On May 25, 1911, there was a clash between Arabs and Jews in the fields of Merchavia: The Jewish guard Mordechai Jig'al from the Ha- Shomer Guardian Association killed an Arab after he was attacked. Hundreds of Arabs subsequently entered the village with the help of Turkish police, twelve settlers were arrested and spent around a year in prison in Akko .
After the British under Edmund Allenby defeated the armed forces of the Central Powers on October 31 and November 7, 1917 in southern Palestine, the German Asia Corps moved its units of the 1st Royal Bavarian Aviation Battalion to the north, including to Merchawia, back. Before the British forces advancing between December 1917 and April 1918, the aviation departments were relocated to what is now Syria.
From 1921 to 1923 Golda Meyerson lived and worked with her husband Morris in what was then the agricultural collective. She later became world famous as Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir.
In 1923 there was also a settlement of private individual farmers ( Moschaw Owdim ); there was a women's cooperative ( Alamot ) and an agricultural research station.
In 1929 the Ha-Shomer ha-Zaʿir founded the Kibbutz Merchavja in the immediate vicinity . On the current site there are archaeological remains of a crusader castle , a youth center and educational facilities in the large courtyard designed by Alex Baerwald in 1913 .
The writer Tuvia Rübner lived and worked in Merchawia from 1941 until his death in 2019 . His autobiography (2004) is entitled: A Long Short Life - From Pressburg to Merchavia .
literature
- Merchavja. In: Jewish Lexicon. P. 795, under colonies (Palestine: Kurdani - Moza).
- Davis Trietsch : colonies, Jewish agricultural . In: Jüdisches Lexikon , Volume III, Berlin 1929, page 772ff
- Meilach Zagorodsky : The balance sheet of an agricultural colony (Merchawia) . In: Palestine , 1929, Issue 2–3 (February 1929), pp. 33–38
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .
- ↑ Vilnay, Zev: Israel: Art and travel guide with geography , Stuttgart, Berlin, Cologne and Mainz, 2nd ed 1987. ISBN 3-17-007717-1 , p 386
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .