Michael IX.
Michael IX. Palaiologos ( Greek Μιχαήλ Θ΄ Παλαιολόγος ; * April 17, 1277 ; † October 12, 1320 in Thessaloniki , Greece) ruled as Byzantine co-emperor from 1294/95 to 1320. Michael IX. was the eldest son of Andronikos II. Palaiologos and Anna of Hungary, a daughter of King Stephen V of Hungary . He was since 1296 with Rita of Armenia , a daughter of Leon III. married.
Life
Michael IX. Palaiologos was made co-emperor in 1281 and crowned in 1294/95. In 1300 he was sent at the head of Alan mercenaries in a campaign against the Turks in Asia Minor and was entrusted from 1304-1305 to fight the rebellious Catalan Company . After the assassination of Roger de Flor , the commander of the Catalans, Michael IX. the Byzantine troops , reinforced by Turkish units and 5,000–8,000 Alans against the Catalans, were wounded and lost.
Likewise, Michael IX was. little successful in the fight against Todor Svetoslav of Bulgaria . Already in 1304 the Bulgarians won the battle of Skafida , so that Michael IX. 1307 made a peace with them and married one of his daughters to the Bulgarian emperor. In 1311 Michael IX. beaten by Osman I. , whereupon Michael IX. retreated to Thessaloniki, where he died in 1320.
As a brave and energetic soldier willing to make personal sacrifices to pay or encourage his troops, Michael IX. however, mostly incapable of overpowering his enemies, and is the only one of the paleologists-emperors to die before his father. Michael IX. premature death at the age of 43 probably resulted in part from the mourning over the unplanned murder of his younger son Manuel Palaiologos by the kidnappers on behalf of his older son and co-emperor Andronikos III. Palaiologos .
family
Michael IX. Palaiologos married Rita of Armenia (renamed Maria, later as nun Xene), the daughter of King Leon III. of Armenia and Queen Keran of Armenia, on January 16, 1294. Several children sprang from this marriage, including:
- Andronikos III. Palaiologos
- Manuel Palaiologos , despotes
- Anna Palaiologina which Thomas I Komnenos Doukas and later Nicholas Orsini married
- Theodora Palaiologina , who married Todor Swetoslaw of Bulgaria in 1307 and then Michael III. of Bulgaria
swell
- Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium , Oxford University Press, 1991
- Helga Gickler: Emperor Michael IX. Palaiologos: his life and work (1278 to 1320). A biographical approach . Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. M. 2015. ISBN 978-3-631-66150-5
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Michael IX. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Michael IX. Palaiologos; Μιχαήλ Θ΄ Παλαιολόγος (Greek) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Byzantine co-emperor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 17, 1277 |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 12, 1320 |
| Place of death | Thessaloniki , Greece |