Miguel Marmol

Miguel Mármol (born July 4, 1905 in Ilopango , † June 25, 1993 in San Salvador ) was a union activist from El Salvador .

biography

Mármol's grandmother was Tomasa Hernández and was a fanatical Catholic. His grandfather was Perfecto Mármol, who worked as a day laborer in a coffee finca before he was murdered near Santa Tecla . Mármol's mother was called Santos. When it became clear that she was pregnant with Miguel, she was thrown out of the house by her mother. Why Mármol stated that children who come from legal and church marriages are in the minority in El Salvador. When Miguel Mármol was eight days old, his mother tried to find her mother again. She hoped that little Miguel Tomasa's face would convince. Mármol commented self-critically that he found his face at the time to be ugly. Instead of pity it aroused anger in Tomasa and she slammed the door so hard that his mother fell on the newborn and passed out. Mármol's mother had two daughters, Pilar and Cordelia, when Mármol was born, whom she had to take out of school around 1912 so that they could contribute to a living.

In his childhood, Mármol lived in a Bahareque house . From 1916, Mármol worked as a fisherman with his stepfather on Lake Ilopago. Since he abused him at work, Miguel's mother and Miguel abandoned him.

Childhood with the Guardia Nacional

Mármol then hired himself out at a Guardia Nacional post in the neighborhood for 15 centavos a day. He knew the regulations of the Guardia Nacional in theory and practice, the drill in formations, the commands and the disassembly and assembly of the rifle. As a teenager, Mármol developed into a specialist in archery, weaponry, obstacle courses and hand-to-hand combat. In 1918, at the age of 13, Mármol was recruited to the Fuerzas Armada de El Salvador to fend off the uprising against Carlos Meléndez .

Miguel Mármol's cousin Antonio Mármol became a cadet on the Escuela Politécnica and took part in the uprising of February 16, 1922, as a result of which the Escuela Politécnica in El Salvador was closed.

Ilopango

The town of Ilopango , Marmols birth, 16 km east of the capital San Salvador on Lake Ilopango located (Lago de Ilopango) is known for the local air base. Mármol reported on social problems after the establishment of the air force base and the garrison.

He participated in the organization of the protest of the fishermen from Lake Ilopango , in which u. a. a petition was brought against the fencing of the riverside properties, which threatened the practice of fishing. The founding meeting of the Communist Party of Salvador took place on a beach on Lake Ilopango; Miguel Mármol was one of its founding members.

Federación Regional de Trabajadores Salvadoreños

Mármol learned the craft of shoemaking. Mármol contributed significantly to the formation of the Federación Regional de Trabajadores Salvadoreños (FRTS) union in 1924. In El Salvador, artisanal shoe production prevailed, in which the shoemakers were highly organized.

In 1930 Mármol was together with Modesto Ramírez delegate at the 5th Congress of Profintern in Moscow . Mármol's mother died four days before the start of the trip. They traveled via Puerto Barrios , with the MS Rügen via Puerto Limón , Cartagena (Colombia) , to Hamburg . On August 1, 1930, Mármol took part in a parade in Hamburg with Albert Walter . The German authorities did not want to issue a visa for emigration to the Soviet Union , so the delegates were taken to a Soviet freighter in a container and traveled to Leningrad on it . The return journey was via Paris .

La Matanza

In January 1932, Miguel Mármol was taken to a place near Ilopango in a group of prisoners on a truck. The group is set up to fusilize and fire is opened. In the truck headlights, Marmol was thought dead. Miguel Mármol survived seriously injured.

Miguel Mármol was one of the few witnesses who dared to report the 1932 massacre. Mármol reported that in Armenia, Sonsonate, a General Pinto personally murdered 700 farmers who had been arrested by government troops. The soldiers forced the prisoners to dig their graves themselves, later the general came and murdered them with his pistol. In the barracks in San Miguel, General Ochoa, Military Governor of San Miguel, ordered the kneeling prisoners: "Smell this pistol here!" And shot them.

Mármol reported on the murder of Feliciano Ama in Izalco.

From Ahuachapán , Mármol, a chauffeur , reported that he was forced to drive over people in a truck on January 25 or 26, 1932 at 45 ".

At La Matanza , the butchery in El Salvador, more than 30,000 people were murdered, more than 2.5 percent of the population at the time.

Mármol was arrested in 1933. The security forces left his family in the dark about his place of detention.

Union Nacional de Trabajadores Salvadorenos

After his release, Mármol helped found a collective to manufacture sandals. He contributed significantly to the formation of the Union Nacional de Trabajadores Salvadorenos (UNTS) in 1944.

From 1945, Mármol was in exile in Guatemala.

Meeting with Roque Dalton

In May 1966 Mármol gave a life report to Roque Dalton in Prague , after which Dalton wrote the biography of Miguel Mármol, Los sucesos de 1932 en El Salvador . As a representative of the Partido Comunista de El Salvador, Marmol was at a party convention hopping. He came from the XXIII. Congress of the CPSU and made a stop at the XIII Party Congress of Komunistická strana Československa .

Miguel Mármol died of pneumonia at the age of 88.

swell

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Roque Dalton The world is a limping centipede. The century of Miguel Mármol . Rotpunktverlag Zürich 1997, p. 19. The original edition appeared in 1972 under the title Miguel Mármol. Los sucedes de 1932 en El Salvador at EDUCA in San José, Costa Rica.
2. ↑ Dalton p. 28
3. ↑ Dalton p. 40
4. ^ Dalton p. 54
5. ^ Sara Gordon Rapoport Crisis política y guerra en el Salvador p. 71
6. ^ Dalton pp. 98-100.
7. ^ Dalton p. 92
8. ^ Dalton p. 113
9. ↑ ^{a b} Servicion informativo ecumenico y popular Celebran natalicio 100 de lider comunista Miguel Marmol ( Memento of the original of September 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
10. ↑ Miguel Mármol Carlos Modesto Ramírez
11. ^ Dalton p. 210
12. ^ Dalton p. 247
13. ^ Robert Armstrong, Janet Shenk: El Salvador: The Face of Revolution South End Press, Boston , Maryland , 1982, p. 29
14. ^ Dalton p. 249
15. ^ Dalton p. 250
16. ^ Dalton p. 246
17. ↑ Brief Biographies Miguel Mármol: 1905-1993: Union Activist - Left A Legacy
18. ↑ diario colatino 03 de Septiembre de 2007 Ángel Mármol, sobrino-nieto de Miguel Mármol, opina ( Memento of the original of July 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.