Milk yield

As milk yield in is livestock , the amount of milk in kg or liters (a gallon of milk corresponding to 1.02 kg milk) denotes that such a mother animal. For example, one dairy cow is produced per lactation period , i.e. in the time between the birth of the young animal (e.g. "calving" in the case of cows) and drying off (on average 305 days).

The milk yield is also sometimes called

• Production volume of milk in kilograms or liters per year
• Average daily production in liters per lactation period or
• Daily average performance per year

Are defined.

Milk production of cows

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The nine-year-old cow "Renate" with an annual milk production of 8,000 liters (1955) at Volksgut Schöndorf

Awards of a cattle breeder a. a. for milk yield (see e.g. golden badge above left)

Since the production of approx. 8 kg milk per day is sufficient to feed a calf, the organism of cows was originally adjusted to this amount. Today there are high-performance cows that give up to 50 kg of milk a day, which contains 1.6 kg of protein , 2 kg of fat and 2.4 kg of sugar .

In 2009 in the EU (with Great Britain) the milk yield per cow and year averaged around 6,700 kg and fluctuated between 2,200 in Bulgaria and 8,400 in Denmark . In Germany it has increased significantly in the last 20 years: in 1990 it was around 4,700 liters, in 2000 around 6,100 and in 2007 it was 7,000 liters. In 2019 the total of around 3.5 million dairy cows gave an average of 8,907 kg / a, of which those in Saxony 9,815 kg and the Saxon Holstein Holsteiners 9,900 kg. Individual animals achieve life performance of over 100 tons, but more than two thirds give less than a total of 30,000 kg in their average of around 5 years of life.

In the USA, such milk yields could already be observed for Wisconsin and Idaho in 2001 with around 9,750 kg. In Argentina , milk production ranged roughly between 4,000 and 7,000 kg, depending on the region, and in India between 2,000 and 5,500 kg. In New Zealand milk production was 4,000 kg at about. The world's highest milk production is currently achieved in Israel , where each cow produces an average of almost 12,000 kg of milk.

There are also breed-specific differences with regard to milk yield. The Holstein Cattle has about 7800 kg, the highest milk yield, shorthorns or Ayrshire cattle and Brown Swiss are at 6,700 and 6,200 kg Guernsey and Jersey produce 5,500 or 5,000 kg. Breeds common in the tropics such as Sahiwal or Zebu have significantly lower milk yields between 2,000 and 3,000 kg.

Cows have the highest milk yield in the first six weeks after calving. In the first 100 days of the approx. 305 days of lactation, around half of the total output is achieved (see also lactation curve ).

Goat milk yield

Goat breeds bred for milk production, such as the White German Noble Goat, produce around 850–1000 kg of milk per lactation period in the third and fourth year during the lactation period. Goats are occasionally used to raise orphaned foals, calves, fawns, sheep lambs and even caring piglets. Goats are considered to be the very first human-kept dairy cattle.

Yields of some goat breeds:

• Pinzgau goat : 570–680 kg / year
• Chamois-colored mountain goat
• Oberhasli-Briezner Schlag: 680 kg
• Bündner Schlag: 570 kg
• Tauern scheckenziege: 720–880 kg on approx. 280 milking days
• Peacock goat : 470 to 500 kg on 210 milking days
• Saanen goat or white German noble goat : per lactation period: in Germany an average of 950 kg milk with 3.5% fat. Peak performance is 1800 kg and more. With an average weight of 50 kg, it is the most productive dairy animal ever.
• Toggenburger : 700 to 800 kg of milk in 280 milking days, sometimes considerably more.

Milk production of camels

Camel milking in Niger

Suckler camels can produce camel milk several years after birth , two-humped camels about 5 liters per day and dromedaries 20 liters per day.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dairy herds and yield, Agriculture in the European Union - Statistical and economic information 2011. European Commission. (PDF; 11 kB). For 2018: Total excluding Great Britain 7,159 kg, Bulgaria 3,678 kg (Romania: 3,279 kg) and Denmark 9,851 kg / a, according to the European Commission , Milk Market Observatory (update May 12, 2020)
2. ↑ ZMP (2008): Milk production of German cows is increasing.
3. ↑ Sächsischer Landeskontrollverband eV annual report 2019 , p. 44 and p. 47, based on the audit year October 2018 to September 2019; Number of dairy cows kept in Germany at the end of 2019 according to the European Commission, Milk Market Observatory : 4 million
4. ↑ for the most powerful German federal state: Sächsischer LKV eV annual report 2019 , p. 44. 46 and 57; In 2019 over 240 specimens achieved a lifetime production of over 100,000 kg; Age from average. Duration of use of 33.5 months and the first calving age of just over 25 months
5. ↑ Isermeyer, F., Hemme, T., Holzner, J. (2003): Analysis of international competitiveness of milk production in the framework of the IFCN. Agricultural Economics Economics Czech. Vol. 49, 2003 (2), pp. 94-10.
6. ↑ 12,000 Israeli Dairy Board
7. ↑ Mustafa, Adif (2001): Dairy Cattle Production 342-450A. Department of Animal Science, McGill University. ( Memento of March 22, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 510 kB)
8. ↑ Bauernhof.net, Westfälisch-Lippischer Landwirtschaftsverband eV ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ^ Camel Fact Sheet . In: sandiegozoo.org . Archived from the original on September 22, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 20, 2016.